International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Nutritional and Environmental Factors Affecting Submerged Biomass Yield in Pleurotus florida, an Indigenous Nigerian Mushroom

Jonathan Gbolagade¹*, Ayodele Sobowale² and Damilola Adejoye¹

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
²Department of Plant Sciences and Applied Zoology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago iwoye Nigeria.

Accepted 11 April, 2026

Submerged culture conditions such as physical factors, chemical compounds and inoculum sizes were optimized for biomass production in Pleurotus florida, a Nigerian edible mushroom. This fungus produced the greatest biomass at pH of 6.5 and 30°C. Among the monosaccharides, glucose stimulated the best biomass production (186.7 mg/30 cm3) followed in order by fructose mannose, and sorbose (P ≤ 0.05). In the series of complex sugars and sugar alcohols, mannitol supported the highest biomass yield with mycelial dry weight of 130.0 mg/30 cm3, followed closely by dextrin with 123.3 mg/30 cm3 while the least value was obtained with arabitol. Tryptophan and alanine enhanced moderate vegetative growth with values, which are not statistically different from each other (P ≤ 0.05). Leucine was found to be the least amino acid for biomass production in this fungus while yeast extract was the best complex nitrogen sources. The maximum biomass yield (330.0 mg/100 cm3) was obtained when 7.0 cm3 of P. florida inoculum was inoculated into a submerged medium while the least biomass was obtained with 0.5 cm3 of the inoculum.

Key words: Pleurotus florida, submerged culture, physical factors, biomass.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (5), pp. 001-003, May, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Evaluating the Impact of Gamma Irradiation on the Moisture Sorption Kinetics of Cowpeas

Ashaye O. A.

Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, P.M.B 5029, Ibadan, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 21 March, 2026

The effect of gamma irradiation on moisture sorption isotherms of cowpeas was investigated The non-irradiated and irradiated cowpeas exhibited the typical three stage sigmoidal curve found in most foods. There was also a concomitant increase in the equilibrium moisture content (EMC) as relative humidity increased for non- and irradiated cowpeas. Drum cowpea (15 Gy) had the highest rate of water absorption. Generally, the amount of water absorbed by irradiated cowpeas is generally higher than non-irradiated cowpeas.

Key words: Cowpea, irradiation, moisture, sorption.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Valorization of Black Bengal Goat Meat in Dry Fermented Sausages: Optimizing Fermentation and Drying Temperatures

Rabi Shekhar Mukherjee, Banani Ray Chowdhury*, Runu Chakraborty and Utpal Ray Chaudhuri
Department of Food Technology and Biochemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata – 700 032, India.

Accepted 11 January, 2026

A new variety of fermented goat meat sausage was prepared from Black-Bengal goat. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus casei (NCIM 2586), Lactobacillus plantarum (NCIM 2083) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (NCIM 2245) were used as starter culture. Effect of temperature during fermentation and drying steps of sausage preparation was studied with respect to change in pH, lactic acid production, proximate composition, sensory characteristics and microbial characteristics in sausage (LAB count and viable aerobic cell count). Decrease in meat pH to 4.7–5.1 and corresponding increase in lactic acid production within 24 h of fermentation indicated potential use of combined starter culture in commercial production of fermented sausage. Among samples fermented at 25, 30 and 35°C, the one at 35°C was mostly acceptable industrially due to its lowest production cycle. The decrease in pH due to formation of lactic acid was directly proportional to the increase in drying temperature from 10 to 15°C. Sample fermented at 30°C, followed by drying at 10°C was the most acceptable sample with respect to sensory characteristics. Lactic bacterial cell count of sausage samples increased from 6.4 to 6.92 – 9.26 log cfu/ml within the fermentation period, then dropped to 6.19 –7.23 log cfu/ml at the end of drying.

Key words: Goat meat (Black Bengal variety), sausage, fermentation, lactic acid bacteria.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

African Breadfruit Hulls and Organic Wastes as Growth Media for Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Titus U. Nwabueze* and Ugochinyere Otunwa

Department of Food Science and Technology, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, P.M.B. 7267, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria.

Accepted 10 January, 2026

African breadfruit (Treculia africana) hulls were supplemented at different levels with other organic food processing wastes (orange, plantain, cassava and soybean). Optimum supplementation of 40:60 (breadfruit hulls to each waste) was obtained. Proximate and mineral composition of the unsupplemented and the supplemented waste were determined. A synthetic medium with chemical nutrients was prepared. The growth performance and other fermenting parameters were monitored on test strain (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) incubated at predetermined pH (3.8) and temperature (27°C) conditions. Supplementation increased crude protein (4.38 – 8.31 g/100 g) and mineral content (Na, K and P) in the waste, and sugar concentration (4.44 – 4.56 g/l), sugar conversion efficiency (28.39 – 31.56%), biomass yield (11.0 – 30.1 g/l) and single cell protein (28.98- 34.26 g/100g) in the hydrolysate. Supplementation of the African breadfruit hulls with organic wastes was an improvement over the unsupplemented breadfruit medium and could promote use in the animal feed industry.

Key words: African breadfruit hulls, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, supplementation, Treculia africana.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Removal of Toxic Heavy Metals and Organic Dyes from Industrial Wastewater Using Locally Sourced Natural Adsorbents

Amuda O.S.* and Ibrahim A.O.

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, 210001, Nigeria.

Accepted 30 September, 2025

Attempts were made to compare the adsorption efficiency of coconut shell-based granular activated carbon with the adsorption efficiency of commercial carbon, Calgon carbon F-300, with respect to adsorption of organic matter from a beverage industrial wastewater. Freundlich adsorption isotherm was used to analyze the adsorption efficiencies of the two activated carbons. These studies indicate that acid-activated coconut shell carbon had higher adsorption for organic matter expressed as chemical oxygen demand, (COD), than barium chloride-activated coconut shell carbon and Calgon carbon (F-300) at all carbon dosages used. Thus, the potential for using agricultural waste (coconut shell) that litter our environment may be valuable resources for removal of organic matter from industrial wastewater.

Key words: Coconut shell, activated carbon, COD, beverage industrial wastewater.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 15 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2026. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Osmotic Stress and Relief in Sugarcane Callus: Assessing Growth Impairment and Solute Dynamics

Tomader Errabii¹, Christophe Bernard Gandonou¹, Hayat Essalmani², Jamal Abrini¹, Mohamed Idaomar¹ and Nadia Skali-Senhaji¹*

¹Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé, Equipe de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté des Sciences, BP. 2121, Tétouan, Morocco.
²Laboratoire de Biotechnologie Végétale, Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, BP. 416, Tanger, Morocco.

Accepted 1 November, 2025

Calli obtained from two sugarcane cultivars (R570 and CP59-73) were exposed to different osmotic stress intensities followed by a period of stress relief. Relative rate growth, callus water content and changes in organic and inorganic solutes were determined at the end of stress and relief periods. After the stress period, calli derived from both cultivars showed a decrease in RGR, but at lesser extent in R570 than CP59-73 cultivar. Same tendency was recorded in the callus water content under mannitol-induced osmotic stress. The inorganic solutes seemed to have no contribution in the osmotic adjustment in mannitol-stressed calli since K+ and Ca2+ concentrations decreased drastically while Na+ and Mg2+ concentrations were not affected. The accumulation of proline occurred in both cultivars and was more marked in CP59-73 than R570 cultivar. At the end of the relief period, we observed that all the considered parameters have recovered completely to reach the control levels. According to these results, we conclude that the drought stress-induced changes are reversible, at the least at the cellular level, in sugarcane cultivars.

Key words: Sugarcane, callus, drought stress, mannitol, recovery, ion content, proline.