International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN: 2169-3048 Vol. 1 (6), pp.183-187, August, 2012. © International Scholars Journals

 Full Length Research Paper

Electrolyte changes in obstructed labour in Kano northern Nigeria

*Yakasai IA, Anate JA, Morhason-Bello IO, Aiyedun TA 

Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology *Bayero University/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital Kano and **College of Medicine/University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.

*Corresponding authors’ Email: [email protected]

Received 18 July, 2012; Accepted 9 August, 2012

Abstract

Background: Obstructed labour in developing countries is a major cause of feto-maternal morbidity and mortality. Unlike normal labour, obstructed labour is commonly associated with electrolyte derangements which could cause maternal death. In order to appreciate this, there is a need to compare the electrolyte changes in obstructed labour with that of normal labour. Objective: To compare the electrolyte changes and feto-maternal outcomes in obstructed labour and normal labour. Methodology: The study is a comparative prospective study involving 100 consenting pregnant women in labour at term. Fifty pregnant women who had obstructed labour were compared with another fifty who had normal labour at Murtala Muhammed Specialist Hospital, Kano Nigeria. Main outcome measures.  Electrolyte changes: Maternal deaths, mode of delivery, Results: There is a statistically significant difference in electrolyte changes and feto-maternal outcomes between obstructed and normal labour. Obstructed labour is associated with severe electrolyte changes and maternal deaths. Conclusion: Obstructed labour is associated with adverse feto-maternal outcomes.

Key words: Electrolyte changes, feto-maternal outcomes, obstructed labour, Kano. 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 1 (5), pp.156-161, July, 2012.  © International Scholars Journals 

Full Length Research Paper

Composting mulch of date palm trees through microbial activator in Saudi Arabia

Sadik M.W1*, Al Ashhab A.O 2, Zahran M.K3, Alsaqan F.M4

*¹Cairo University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Microbiology,Giza, Egypt

²Agric.Eng.Res.Inst, Giza, Egypt

³ Al Hofuf Stars Trading Est., Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, P.O.220540

⁴Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Corresponding Author's E-mail: mahmoudsadik@alhofu fstars.com

Received July 06, 2012; Accepted July 23, 2012

Abstract

The main objective of the current study is producing high quality organic fertilizer in large scale using abundant  energy  resources  (Date palm trees  mulch  produced  from grinded  leafs,  trunks  and  roots) from  local  farms.  Date  palm  trees  mulch  (DPM)  was  mixed  with  fresh  farmyard  manure  (FYM) as nitrogen source. The mixtures were prepared by using 3 ratios (w/w) of 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1 (DPM : FCM).The C/N ratios were 44.3:1, 50:1 and 44:1 for mixtures 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Turned windrow method was applied in the composting process. The results showed that the temperature was increased up to 66, 69 and 68οC   for mixtures 1, 2 and 3, respectively and then decreased to 44, 45 and 45οC  by the end of the composting period for the above 3 mixtures. The final organic fertilizer had natural soil odor and brown in color. The final organic fertilizer C/N ratio recorded as 25:1, 12.5:1 and 23:1 for mixtures 1, 2 and 3 respectively. The loss in organic matter was also reached to 15.6 (mix 1), 29.54 (mix 2) and 20.00 % (mix3). The results found for mixtures of 2 and 3 were better than mixture 1, therefore these mixtures are considered to be the best for composting date palm trees mulch . Regulated elements (N, P, K, Organic matter, pH, electrical conductivity, and TDS) were improved in all mixtures. The end product was free of salmonella, total coliform and faecal coliform bacteria.

Key Words: Date palm trees, Mulch, Cow manure, Organic Fertilizer

 International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 1 (5), pp.162-166, July, 2012. © International Scholars Journals  

Full Length Research Paper

Detection of Blactx-M gene on resistant salmonella enterica from a hospital in southeast Nigeria

¹Adeleke OE, ¹Onyenwe NE*, ²Mbata TI

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Microbiology, Federal Polytechnic Nekede Owerri, Nigeria.

Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

Received July 13, 2012; Accepted July 31, 2012

Abstract

Typhoid fever is said to be a systemic infection caused by Salmonella Enterica serotype typhi. A total of fifty stool samples were analyzed out of which twenty-five clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica serovars recovered between July-September, 2010 were investigated and screened using molecular methods for the presence of Blactx-M type gene. Polymerase Chain Reaction analysis showed that the four of the S.enterica encoding the CTX-M type gene were mostly Extended Spectrum β-lactamase producers which had no plasmids DNA. Phenotypic analysis reveals that the enzymes were active on Ceftazidime (64%) more than Cefotaxime (16%). Two folds serial dilution method reveals that Cefotaxime had increased Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranging from 1.56ug/ml- 12.5ug/ml depending on the isolates and the β-lactamase enzyme produced. The four Blactx-M genes detected on the adult patients were from the General Out Patients Department (GOPD) and National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) section of the hospital in Eastern Nigeria.

Key words: Blactx-M, ESBL, Salmonela enterica, PCR, Cefotaxime, Ceftazidime.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 1 (5), pp.167-170, July , 2012. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Factor VII deficiency presenting with an isolated prolonged prothrombin time:a case report

Nilgün Tekkeşin¹, Kani Gemici² Hüseyin Beköz³

¹Department of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory, Memorial Hospital, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.

²Department of Cardiology, Memorial Hospital, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.

³Department of Hematology, Memorial Hospital, Şişli, İstanbul, Turkey.

*Corresponding Authors’ Email: [email protected]

Received July 07, 2012, Accepted July 25, 2012

Abstract

Introduction: Polycythemia, heparin, and direct thrombin inhibitor anticoagulants, as well as delays in testing, are important preanalytical variables that can cause prolonged prothrombin time results. Our aim is to make a contribution to the literature by reporting a case of Factor VII deficiency presenting with an isolated prothrombin time.Case Presentation: A 77-year-old Turkish man was evaluated for a prolonged prothrombin time. The patient had no history of gastrointestinal or intracranial bleeding, epistaxis, hemarthrosis or a tendency toward easy limb bruising. He had a negative family history of abnormal bleeding. Initial laboratory studies included findings within reference intervals for complete blood cell count and activated partial thromboplastin time (33.8 s, reference interval 24–36 s), prolonged prothrombin time (20.3 s, reference interval 12.0–16.0 s), and International Normalized Ratio (1.78, reference interval 0.8–1.2). Liver function tests were in reference ranges which excludes an existing liver disease. No preanalytical artifacts were identified, and the result of a repeat prothrombin time was also prolonged.

Conclusion: Factor VII deficiency should be evaluated in an unexpected prolonged prothrombin time, besides additional steps such as repeating the tests to take care to eliminate potential sources of preanalytical artifacts and mixing studies.

Keywords: Prothrombin time; activated partial thromboplastin time; coagulation; factor VII

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 1 (4), pp. 150-155, June, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
 

 Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of growth performance of tilapia (oreochromis mossambicus) using low cost fish feed 

 Mukti Pada Bag¹, Subhas Chandra Mahapatra², Pavuluri Srinivasa Rao³ and  Debajyoti Chakrabarty^4*

¹Indian Institute of Technology, Rural Development Centre, Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, India.

²Indian Institute of Technology, Rural Development Centre, Kharagpur, Paschim Medinipur, India.

³Indian Institute of Technology, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India.

⁴Krishnagar Government College, Department of Zoology, Krishnagar, Nadia, India.

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: [email protected]

Received February 29, 2012; Accepted June 09, 2012

Abstract

A comprehensive trial was undertaken to assess the effect of various types of low cost non-conventional fish feed on the biomass conversion rate as well as on gonad (ovarian) weight in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Three groups of juvenile fish (5.0 ± 0.15 g; 4.5 ± 0.12 cm) were fed with three different types of feeds with earthworm meal (EWM), slaughter house offal meal (SOM) and hydrated poultry feather meal (PFM). These fish feeds were isonitrogenus (30 g 100 g^–1) and isocaloric (4 Kcal g^–1) in nature. The EWM made with dry earthworm dust, rice bran, mustard oil cake and eggshell powder proved to be the best and economical feed among the three feed tested.  Significant difference (P<0.05) in body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and gonadosomatic index were observed among fish fed the EWM, SOM and PFM diets. No significant differences (P<0.05) in feed conversion ratio, energy retention and hepatosomatic index were observed. Among the dietary treatment groups, significantly lower (P<0.05) moisture content of body and higher whole-body protein were also found in EWM diets. The earth-worm possibly contained better quality of protein which in turn influenced somatic as well as reproductive growth of those fish. The study suggests that the EWM diet, which led to be significantly higher (P<0.05) growth and nutrient utilization than the other two diets in tilapia, O.  mossambicus, may be used for pond culture of this species.

Key words: Oreochromis mossambicus, non-conventional, biomass, gonad, isonitrogenous and isocaloric

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology Vol. 1 (3), pp.033-036, May, 2012.© International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

In Vitro Regeneration of Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’ from Leaf Tissue

Youping Sun^1,3,*, Lijuan Han², and Donglin Zhang^1,*

¹Department of Plant, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME04469, USA

²Department of Biology, Changchun Normal University, Changchun, Jilin 130032, China

³Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, Hunan 41004, China

*Corresponding Author’s Email: [email protected] or [email protected]

Received March 08, 2012; Accepted May 16, 2012

Abstract

Rudbeckia hirta ‘Plainview Farm’, a new multiple-layered ray flowered cultivar, shows potential for potted plant production. After years of seed germination, this specific flower morphological trait was still unstable from generation to generation. To maintain its unique features, leaf sections (0.25 cm²) were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with either BA (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L^-1), KIN (2.5, 5, or 10 mg·L^-1), or ZT (0.5, 1.0, or 2.0 mg·L^-1)toinduce callus and microshoots. After cultivation for 33 days, all cytokinin treatments significantly induced callus and the callus size were 1.5- to-2.4-fold bigger than those withoutcytokinin. KIN at 2.5 mg·L^-1 was the best treatment for callus induction and microshoot formation. Four microshoots per explant wereproduced at KIN of 2.5 mg·L^-1. For rooting, all induced microshoots were cultured on MS medium at its one-quarter strength containing either IBA or NAA at 0.5, 1.5, or 3.0 mg·L^-1. All microshoots formed roots at 0.5 or 1.5 mg·L^-1 IBA, or 0.5 mg·L^-1 NAA. There were no significant differences in number of roots per shoot and length of roots among treatments. The plantlets were transplanted, acclimated in a mist system, and grown in a greenhouse. A total of 96.4% of the plants derived from tissue culture had multiple layers of ray flowers, while only 9.6% of the plants from seed propagation did. Therefore, in vitro regeneration of R. hirta ‘Plainview Farm’ was a feasible way to rapidly produce uniform plants with multiple layers of ray flowers.

Keywords: Blackeyed Susan, Callus, Microshoot, Somaclonal variation