International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Relationship between backache and psychological stress: Psychosocial stress among the nurses

*Mehdi Sussan, Taslimi Zahra and Leila Hajir Azad

Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Payame Noor University, Iran.

Accepted 23 January, 2019

Abstract

To gain more insight into the prevalence rates of backache and to determine the relation between occupational stress among the Nurses. In this cross-sectional study a questionnaire was carried out among 400 nursing personnel in three general hospitals in Amol, Iran. The questionnaire had 3 sections: demographic information, psychosocial stress related to work, and of psychological stress related to work. The annual prevalence was 80% of the cases. Results indicated that, there was a significant relationship between low back pain and female gender (OR=2.8), exercise (OR=0.4), height (OR=1.06) and weight (OR=1.4). Also a significant relationship existed between LBP relationship with colleagues (OR=1.8) and hastiness at work (OR=0.6). Out findings show that low back pain was common and a serious problem among nurses. Moreover, we found positive association between low back pain and job stresses.

Key words: Low back pain, demographic factors, psychological, psychosocial, nurses.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Recognition of the anaerobic microbes in the odontogenic development fluid using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) framework

*Mustafa Batur, Muammer E. Berk and Cihat Peride

Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Medical Faculty, Dokuz Eylül University, Turkey.

Accepted 20 January, 2019

Abstract

Odontogenic cysts are slow growing lesions which are formed by epithelium. They may reach to a substantial size without symptoms for a long time. Radicular cysts’ (RCs) and odontogenic keratocysts’ (OKCs) are common odontogenic cysts of jaws. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate if anaerobic bacteria play a role in the pathogenesis of the RCs and OKCs fluids by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Odontogenic cyst fluid samples with a history of infection were collected from a total of 28 odontogenic cysts consisting of 16 samples of OKCs and 12 samples of RCs. Anaerobic bacteria detection were performed by PCR based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes. Porphyromonas gingivalis existed more frequently compared to the other bacteria, in all samples (39.2%). Following this, F. nucleatum (32.1%), Provetella intermedia and Campylobacter rectus ( 25.5%), Treponema denticola (25%), Provetella nigrescens and Tannerella forsythia (17.8%), Dialister pneumosintes (14.2%), Filifactor alocis (10.7%), Porphyromonas endodontalis and Provetella pallens (7.1%) were seen. The 58.3% of the Fusobacterium nucleatum positive cyst fluids were in the RCs group. In D. pneumosintes positive cysts liquid samples, C. rectus was found to be positive (p=0.025). The same correlation was observed between F. alocis and C. rectus (p= 0.003). On the other hand, in F. alocis positive cysts liquid samples, F. nucleatum also was found to be positive (p=0.026). Odontogenic cysts fluid contained numerous anaerobic bacteria of various types, thus suggesting that oral bacteria may cause symptoms in odontogenic cyst fluids. Further studies are needed to assess the role of these bacteria in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts.

Key words: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), odontogenic cyst, anaerobic bacteria.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Different medication safety of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated from kids with the diarrhea in Kashan, Iran

*Kamshad Nazanin Omidyar, Camilar Ansari, Shohreh Kazemi

Department of Biostatistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.

Accepted 19 January, 2019

Abstract

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is a major cause of diarrhea in infants and children in developing countries. However, recent studies have shown its prevalence in developed countries. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multi-drug resistant (MDR) of EPEC isolated from children less than five years old with diarrhea hospitalized in Kashan Shahid Beheshti hospital during 2009-10. Stool samples were collected from 313 children less than five years old with diarrhea at Shahid Beheshti Hospital, Kashan, Iran, from November 2009 to May 2010. Specimens were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test to determine the eae gene for detection of EPEC pathotype. The isolated multi-drug resistance pattern of EPEC was evaluated by disk diffusion agar. The antimicrobial disks used were ampicillin, nalidixic acid, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, cefalexin, ceftazidime, streptomycin and imipenem. Of all 178 E. coli cases 51 (28.6%) EPEC pathotypes were isolated. The prevalence of EPEC was higher in children less than one year old. MDR rate in EPEC was 70.6%.The exact application of antibiogram test is necessary before antibiotic prescription for complete treatment and prevention of diarrhea caused by multi-drug resistant agents.

Key words: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, multiple drugs resistant, children, diarrhea.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Short communication

Assessment of the impact of temperature and time of incubation on complete blood number (CBC) tests

*Kamshad Nazanin Omidyar, Camilar Ansari, Shohreh Kazemi

Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Islamic Azad University of Karaj, Karaj, Iran.

Accepted 12 January, 2019

Abstract

The complete blood count (CBC) is one of the most common tests requested by physicians. The results of this test are affected by different factors such as temperature and time of incubation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate changes in CBC results at room temperature (RT). In a cross-sectional study, 32 K₂EDTA (dipotassium ethylenediamine-tetraacetate)-anticoagulated blood specimens were processed for CBC testing after blood-taking and incubation for 24 h at RT. Specimens were selected from routine laboratory workload. Among the CBC parameters, there were no significant differences in WBC, Plt and Hb results before and after incubation at RT (p>0.05). However, there were significant differences in RBC, Hct, MCV, MCH and MCHC results before and after incubation (p<0.001). The findings of this study showed that some CBC parameters can change after incubation at RT. Testing should therefore be done on blood samples as soon as possible.

Key words: Complete blood count, white blood cell, red blood cell, platelet counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, incubation.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Treatment rules and nosocomial diseases: The South African experience

*Hendrik Ndebele, Njabulo Adams and Villers David

School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Johannesburg, South Africa.

Accepted 02 January, 2019

Abstract

Nationally-devised standard treatment guidelines (STGs) for nosocomial infections were evaluated in the context of antibiotic resistance within the public health care system in Kwazulu-Natal. A multi-centre surveillance study instituted in 3 hospitals at 3 progressive levels of health care (district, regional and tertiary) collected consecutive, non-repetitive isolates commonly implicated in nosocomial infections as cited by the STGs, viz., Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter spp. Isolates were subjected to susceptibility testing against antibiotics recommended in the treatment guidelines as empirical treatment for nosocomial infections using the Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method advocated by the CLSI. Percentage susceptibility across (1) bacterial species, (2) antibiotics and (3) hospital levels was compared. Susceptibility to antibiotics recommended in the treatment guidelines and hence potentially successful empiric therapy ranged from 5 to 95% with multi-resistance evident in all isolates. Statistically significant differences in overall susceptibility were observed (1) across bacterial species, (2) within 2 of the 3 bacterial species for different antibiotics and;  (3) across hospital levels for 2 antibiotics with p values <0.001 for across bacterial species, (1), ranging from 0.003 to <0.001 for within 2 of the 3 bacterial species for different antibiotics (2) and ranging from 0.001 to <0.001 for across hospital levels for 2 antibiotics (3). This study showed that the success of empiric therapy as dictated by treatment guidelines would vary depending upon the bacterial species, the antibiotic used and the hospital, thus making a strong case for institution-specific guidelines based on evidence from well-executed surveillance.

Key words: Treatment guidelines, nosocomial infections, antibiotic resistance.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of intense toxoplasmosis in Rural Women in Sudan utilizing distinctive analytic tests

*Mohammed Alek, Deluxe Alkabli and El Mubarak

School of Public Health & Health Informatics, Department of Epidemiology, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.

Accepted 20 December, 2018

Abstract

Blood samples from 254 childbearing age women from two villages (EL Nuba and EL Massoudia) were collected after seeking their consent; their written consent form was obtained. Detection of IgM for acute toxoplasmosis was done using two different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Prevalence of IgM was 18.9 and 20.3%; this was obtained by using ELISA IgM in Khartoum for all samples and ELISA IgM in Prague for selected samples, respectively. Diagnostic test was used to confirm acute toxoplasmosis. This consists of detecting IgA and IgE using ELISA technique. The result was the same in both techniques (6.8%). Confirmation tests were used for different purposes. IgG avidity was used to determine the exact time the selected samples had the infection. Six cases had recent infection; five cases had old infection and two cases were in between. Western blot (WB) was used to confirm the antibodies detected by screening and diagnostic tests. Western blot confirmed that 61.5% of samples had antibodies against P30 gene.

Key words: Acute toxoplasmosis, ELISA- IgG avidity, Western blot, rural women, Sudan.