International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Valorization of Pomegranate Peel for Invertase Production by a Marine Strain of Aspergillus terreus

Aliaa R. El-Shamy and Sherien M.M. Atalla

Department of Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

Accepted 20 March, 2025

Agricultural wastes were the low cost raw material for invertase production by fungi. The marine fungal strain Aspergillusterreus was characterized and phylogenetic analysis by 18S rRNA gene sequencing then evaluated for invertase production using 40 g/l of pomegranate peel (Pp) as substrate. Maximum invertase activity was 264.4 U/ml after 5 days incubation period. Two disks 6mm in diameter, pH 6.5 and 30 ◦C were the optimum conditions for invertase production. 3% of triton x100 as surfactant produce 281.2 U/ml .Increasing invertase production by addition of wheat bran ,EDTA and cysteine to pomegranate peel.

Keywords: marine fungi, invertase, pomegranate peel, optimization.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification of Pathogenic Genes in Salmonella Strains from Poultry and Associated Wastewater

Nwiyi, Paul O1, Soyoola Mobolalen2 and Oguoma, Igwe O3

1Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine Michael Okpara University of
Agriculture, Umudike.
2Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Michael Okpara University of Agriulture Umudike.
3Department of Microbiology, College of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Science and Technology
Owerri. Nigeria.

Accepted 30 November, 2016

The study was conducted in Aba, the commercial city of Abia State to determine the prevalence of Salmonella on chicken and chicken water waste using fecal samples from apparently healthy birds, clinically sick birds and swabs of waste water effluent from chicken farms. A total of 180 samples made of 60 samples each were collected from the three sample types. Biochemical and Serological analysis were conducted in veterinary laboratory of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, while molecular studies were conducted at Lahor Medical Research and Diagnostic Center, Edo State Benin. The prevalence of Salmonella Spp. in apparently healthy chicken, clinically sick chicken and chicken water waste were 6.6% 11.6% and 20% respectively, while the mean prevalence rate was 12.7%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for detection of virulence genes with known amplification conditions, number of cycles and concentration of reagents while amplicon were separated by electrophoresis in a 1.5% agarose gel. The detection of Vi and V3 genes with bands at 100bp and 150bp suggest the presence of virulence genes of Salmonella Typhimurium, while the detection of inVA and sopE genes with bands at 260bp and 240bp indicates the presence of virulence genes for Salmonella Enteritidis.

Keyswords: Salmonella, chicken samples, prevalence, virulence genes, amplification conditions.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Utilization of Jatropha curcas Seed Oil in Surfactant Development and Pest Management Strategies

Gulab Chand Shah1*, Ganesh Pawar1, Rakesh Arya2

1Non-Wood Forest Product Division, Tropical Forest Research Institute Jabalpur, PO-RFRC, 482021 India
2Sobt, Rgpv, Bhopal Mp India

Accepted 16 October, 2024

Natural toxins are a reserve of new substance prospectus of pesticides, as well as environmentally and toxicologically safer molecules than many of the currently used pesticides. Furthermore, they often have molecular goal sites that are not exploited by presently marketed pesticides. There are highly doing well products based on natural compounds in the major pesticide classes. These contain the herbicide glufosinate (synthetic phosphinothricin), the spinosad insecticides, and the strobilurin fungicides. These and other examples of currently marketed natural product-based pesticides, as well as natural toxins that show promise as pesticides from our own research are discussed. the materialization of drug resistant parasites and insecticide resistant mosquito strains, along with numerous strength, environmental, and ecological side effects of many element agents, decorated the necessitate to build up substitute tools that either correspond or substitute predictable pest classify approaches.

Keywords: IPM, Biopesticides, Jatropha carcus, OECD, pests

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Oxytetracycline on Bacterial Load in Cultured Labeo rohita

Md. Abul Kashem1, Md. Naim Uddin2, Mohammad Mosarof Hossain1, Md. Tawheed Hasan1, Syed Ariful Haque3, Mohammed Nurul Absar Khan4, Mohammed Masud Hassan5 and Ferdaus Mohd. Altaf Hossain6

1Faculty of Fisheries, Sylhet Agricultural University,
2 Dept. of Fisheries Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University
3Dept. of Fisheries Technology, Sheikh Fajilatunnesa Mujib Fisheries College
4Faculty of Fisheries, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,
5Noakhali Integrated Agro Industries Ltd. Noakhali Sadar, Noakhali, Banglladesh.
6Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Bangladesh.

Accepted 03 March, 2025

The study was aimed to outline the anti biogram profiling of oxytetracycline against usual ecological bacterial flora of culture ponds of L. ROHITA. After applying pelleted feeds treated with oxytetracycline (OTC) at 2gm/kg the physicochemical parameters of water like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, ammonia and nitrate were recorded weekly: 28.99 to 31.09°C, 7.58-7.95 ppm, 5.36-5.86 mg/L, 86.31-111.99 mg/L, 0.20-0.30 mg/L and 0.11-0.17 mg/L, respectively. The total viable counts of bacteria were found 4.9±1.03×103- 5.75±1.0×103cfu/mL in pond water, 5.62±1.0×107- 6.60±1.02×107cfu/g in sediments, 6.77±1.0×106-7.57±1.0×106cfu/g in gills, 6.02±1.02×107-8.32±1.0×107cfu/g in gut of L. ROHITA in control ponds. After OTC treatment the total viable count of bacteria ranged from 3.1±1.19×103-3.1±1.20×103cfu/mL in water, 3.1±1.13×106-4.27±1.10×106cfu/g in sediment, 2.82±1.25×105- 3.09±1.19×105cfu/g gill, 2.69±1.12×106-4.68±1.12×106cfu/g in guts of L. ROHITA respectively, indicating reduction of overall bacterial load below 1 log in sediment, gills and guts of L. ROHITA significantly (P<0.005).

Keyword: Bacterial load, culture ponds, L. rohita, oxytetracycline.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Hematological Alterations Following Antimalarial Treatment in Plasmodium falciparum Malaria: A Comparison of Infected and Control Individuals

Ifeanyichukwu M.O1, Esan, A.J2.

Immunology Department, Nnamidi Azikiwe University, Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.1
Haematology Department, Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria.2

Accepted 03 March, 2025

This study was to evaluate haemoglobin concentration, packed cell voluFme and red cell indices in pre-and post anti-malaria drug treatment in Plasmodium falciparum malaria infected and control individuals. The study was conducted at Federal Medical Center, Ido-Ekiti, Ekiti State Nigeria; between November 2012 and March 2013; malaria infected adult individuals; presented with signs and symptoms of malaria infection was used for the study. 202 blood samples were collected twice from the same malaria infected individuals; grouped as pre-treatment and post anti-malaria drug treatment. 102 blood samples from apparently healthy individuals were collected for control; both malaria infected subjects and controls were within the age 15-64 years of both sex. 4ml of blood sample was collected and dispensed into di-potassium ethylenediaminetetracetic acid (K2EDTA) vaccutainer bottles for haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume and red cell indices were analysed using haematology analyser (sysmex automated haematology analyser model kx-21n, maunfactured by sysmex co-operation kobe, Japan), thick blood film was made and stained with Giemsa’s staining technique for malaria parasite screening, the procedure was described by Monica Cheesbrough, 2005 . Data obtained was analysed using SPSS version 16. The result of this present study showed that, the mean ± SD of red blood cell, haemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, red cell indices (MCV, MCH and MCHC) and red cell distribution width in post treatment were significantly (P<0.05) lower compared to pre treatment and control. The study showed that, anaemia is the common haematological changes in malaria P. falciparum infection, the wide use of more effective anti-malaria would probably result in greater clinical and haematological benefits. However, the prevalence of malaria infection in male was higher compared to female.

Keywords: malaria parasite, anaemia and anti-malaria drug
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Gram-Positive Bacteria as Emerging Pathogens in Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Cases

Engy Yousry El sayed*, Eman Mohamoud Ezzat**, Rania Ali Amr***

*Ass. Prof. of Internal Medicine Department, Ain Shams University
** MD internal medicine
***Ass. Prof. Clinical pathology Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University

Accepted 02 May, 2015

It has been suggested that the profile of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has changed, and severe infections caused by resistant bacteria species have started to emerge. The aim of this work was to evaluate the recent changes in bacteria causing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients. In this study, records of laboratory and ascitic fluid cultures data of 100 cirrhotic patients, with SBP, in the retrospective period from October 2007 to October 2008 and 120 patients with SBP in the prospective period from October 2011 to October 2012, were subjected to laboratory tests, ascitic fluid sent for bacterial culture along with routine biochemical and cytological examination were done. Results showed that the overall culture positivity rate was higher in prospective study period 39(32.5 %) versus retrospective period 35(35 %) p>0.05 and the main bacterial isolates were E. coli and Klebsiellapneumoniae. Gram positive bacteria (GPB) were isolated more frequently in the prospective than retrospective period 16 (41%) versus 10 (28.6%). Conclusion: There is an emergence of Gram positive bacteria as a causal agents of SBP.

Keywords: Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, gram-positive bacteria and infection.