International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Comparative Analysis of Crude and Diluted Honey's Antibacterial Properties Against Wound Pathogens

W. Braide 1*, S.U.Oranusi1., C.K. Akaluka 1, R.N.Nwaoguikpe2., C.I. Akobundu1 and N.I. Peter-Ikechukwu3

1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
3Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Technology, PMB 1526, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.

Accepted 05 October, 2024

Abstract

The antimicrobials activities of crude and diluted honey were determined against four clinical isolates from surface and deep wounds. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli were isolated from wounds by routine microbiological methods. Kirby-Bauer’s disc diffusion method was employed in determining the susceptibility of bacterial isolates to different concentrations of honey. The results from the zone of inhibition obtained (in mm) showed that the growth of all isolates was completely inhibited by 20-100% honey concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of honey for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were at 10 % (v/v) while that of E.coli and K. pneumoniae were 20% (v/v). The degree of susceptibility of the wound isolates to honey was compared with that of ten commercially available antibiotic discs. The result obtained revealed that the susceptibility pattern of honey at 40% (v/v) compared favourably and better than amoxicillin, streptomycin, ceftriazone and erythromycin.

Keywords: Honey, antibacterial activities, wound bacteria.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Utilizing Coffee Husk Substrate for Sustainable and Economical Mushroom Cultivation: An Analysis of Challenges and Prospects

Mateus D. Nunes1,2, Marliane C. S. da Silva1, João G. S. Schram1, Juliana S. da Silva1, Yutaka Tamai2 and Maria C. M. Kasuya²*

1Bioagro, Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Campus Universitário, 36570-000,
Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
2Laboratory of Forest Resource Biology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, N9-W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo
060-8589, Japan.

 Accepted 29 June, 2023

Abstract

Coffee husk is a residue generated in large amount in Brazil and which contains caffeine and tannins, among other compounds, resulting in disposal problem. Recently, studies have shown that coffee husk can be used as substrate for mushroom cultivation. However, the main problem seems to be a low mushroom yield. Moreover, sterilization was always performed, making difficult the mushroom cultivation dissemination in deprived regions. Here, the viability of alternative methods was evaluated using lime immersion and boiling, to produce Pleurotus ostreatus mushrooms in coffee husk of two varieties. These alternative methods produce mushrooms with higher or similar yield as compared to sterilization method. Therefore, immersion of the substrate in water for removing toxic compounds, careful control of moisture in the substrate, and selection of strains adapted to growth in coffee husk seems to be efficient approaches to improve mushroom yield.

Key words: Coffee husk, Pleurotus ostreatus, cultivation, sterilization, mushroom yield.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Interactions of Bacterial Biocontrol Agents with Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli: Strategies for Managing Bean Common Blight

Bianca Obes Corrêa¹, Vanessa Nogueira Soares², Mauricio Sangiogo², José Rogério de Oliveira³ and Andréa Bittencourt Moura²*

¹Master in Agroindustrial Production and Management, Anhanguera – Uniderp University,
Zip Code 79037-280 Campo Grande, Brazil.
²Phytosanitary Department, Agronomy Faculty, Federal University of Pelotas, P. O. Box 354, 96010-970 Pelotas, Brazil.

³Phytopathology Department, Federal University of Viçosa, 36571-000 Viçosa, Brazil.

Accepted 07 October, 2023

Abstract

The bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) treatments were used for seed microbiolization; the bacterial biocontrol agents (BCAs) used selected from previous study on the control of Xanthomonas-axonopodis pv. phaseoli Xap) includes: Bacillus (DFs093, DFs348 and DFs769), Pseudomonas (DFs513, DFs831 and DFs842), Rhodococcus (DFs843 and DFs912), and the combinations C01 (DFs093+DFs769+DFs831), C02 (DFs093+DFs769+DFs842) and C03 (DFs093+DFs769+DFs348). Sixteen Xap strains were collected from several Brazilian regions, and were inoculated in cotyledonary leaves. The symptom development was followed for 10 days. The treatments were compared by the area under the disease progress curve for disease incidence, severity, and index. In general, majority of the BCAs reduced, to some degree, the disease caused by different Xap strains. The combination C01, and the isolate DFs831 resulted in highest mean disease control. The data from this study suggest a relationship between the region of origin of Xap strain and the efficacy of BCA to control the disease caused by it. The use of combinations of these organisms increased the efficacy of the biocontrol of several strains of the same pathogen. A strain-BCA interaction was shown by data collected from this study, which evidence the importance of selecting a BCA or a combination of BCAs with a wider spectrum of action.

Key words: Biological control, co-inoculation, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodococcus, bean common blight.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluating the Cultural Preferences for Black Snail (Archachatina marginata) and White Snail (Achatina achatina): A Scientific Inquiry

*F. E. Uboh, P. E. Ebong and E. Mbi

Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, P.M.B. 1115, Calabar, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 October, 2024

Abstract

There is a strong cultural discrimination in the consumption of white snail (Achatina achatina) against black snail (Archachatina marginata) in several tribes in Nigeria and other tropical regions in West African Countries.The proximate(crude fibre,ash,fat,protein and carbohydrates),minerals(calcium, potassium,magnesium,sodium,iron,zinc and phosphorus) and toxicants(hydrocyanic acid,phytate, total and soluble oxalate) compositions of A. achatina and A. marginata were analysed in this study to validate or reject the cultural discrimination in the consumption of these species of giant land snails. Results revealed no statistical significant differences (P 0.05) in the proximate, mineral and toxicant compositions of A. marginata compared to A. achatina.Results indicated that both species have relatively high contents of protein, carbohydrate, calcium, potassium magnesium and sodium; and relatively low crude fibre,ash,fat,iron,zinc,phosphorus,hydrocyanic acid,phytate,total and soluble oxalate concentrations.Considering the similar proximate, minerals and toxicants compositions of A. achatina and A. marginata,there is no scientific basis or justification for any cultural discrimination in the consumption of either of the species of snails.In particular,both species are recommended as a good and alternative source of protein for consumption.

Key word: Achatina achatina, Archachatina marginata, proximate composition, minerals, toxicants.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of Phyto-nutrients and Antioxidative Effects of Sida acuta Leaf Extract in Rats

Nwankpa P.1*, Chukwuemeka O. G.2, Uloneme G. C.3, Etteh C. C.1, Ugwuezumba P.4 and Nwosu D.5

1Department of Medical Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria.
3Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.
4Department of Medical Lab. Science, Imo State University, Owerri, Nigeria.
5Department of Public Health, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Received 3 May, 2024; Accepted 13 July, 2024

Phytochemical, micronutrient composition and anti-oxidative potential of ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta in albino wistar rats were investigated using standard analytical methods. The result (mg/100 for phytochemical composition were 91.46 ± 0.02 tannin, 1500.36 ± 0.36 alkaloid, 530.27 ± 0.03 saponin, 1163.86 ± 0.1 flavonoid, 1454.50 ± 0.85 steriod, 115.29 ± 0.05 terpeniods and 851.62 ± 0.01 cardiac glycosides. The vitamin composition (mg/100 g) were 0.36 ± 0.01 thiamin, 0.19 ± 0.02 niacin, 24.27 ± 0.25 ascorbic acid, 1.85 ± 0.32 tocopherol, 0.12 ± 0.05 riboflavin while mineral composition (mg/100 mg) was 14428 ± 0.02, 122.11 ± 0.01, 325.12 ± 0.02 for calcium, magnesium and zinc, respectively. To determine the antioxidative potential, twenty-four adult wistar albino rats were divided into four groups of 6 rats each. Group 1 received feed and water (control) while group 2, 3 and 4 in addition to feed and water were treated with ethanol leaf extract of S. acuta at 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight, respectively. After 14 days of treatment; the rats were sacrificed and plasma obtained for oxidative stress indices assay. The result showed a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in mean values of plasma malondialdehyde concentration and a significant increase (P < 0.05) in reduced glutathione concentration at 40 and 60 mg/kg body weight compared to the control group. Plasma catalase and superoxide dismutase activity were significantly increased (P < 0.05) only in animals treated with 60 mg/kg body weight compared to the control group. The result showed that ethanolic leaf extract of S. acuta possesses an antioxidant property which, in a dose-dependent manner, reduces/ameliorates oxidative stress in rats.

Key words: Sida acuta, rats, micronutrients, phytochemical, oxidative stress.
 

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 13 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Trait Associations and Path Analysis for Enhancing Seed Yield in Okra

B.O. Akinyele* and O.S. Osekita

Department of Crop, Soil and Pest Management, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.

Accepted 9 June, 2024

NH47-4 variety of okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, was grown in two locations for two years from seeds collected from the National Institute of Horticultural Research and Training (NIHORT), Ibadan, Nigeria. Experimental design adopted for the study was the randomised complete block design (RCBD). Correlation and path coefficients were calculated for seed yield per plant and its components from data amassed over two years. The components of seed yield considered are days to flowering, days to maturity, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, height at flowering, final height, pod length, pod width, number of seeds per pod and weight of hundred seeds. Seed yield per plant showed significant positive correlation with number of pods per plant, height at flowering, pod width and weight of hundred seeds. Path coefficient analysis revealed that number of pods per plant and height at flowering had the highest direct effect on seed yield. This suggests that the two attributes have a strong influence on seed yield. Hence, number of pods per plant and height at flowering are the main determiners of seed yield per plant in the studied variety.

Key words: Correlation coefficient, path coefficient, seed yield, okra.