International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 10 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Identification and preliminary phytochemical analysis of herbs that can arrest threatened miscarriage in Orba and Nsukka towns of Enugu State

Akaneme, Florence Ifeoma

Department of Botany, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected]. Phone: +234-8036698201.

Accepted 03 November, 2020

Abstract

Identification and preliminary phytochemical analysis of herbal plants that are used in arresting threatened miscarriage in Orba and Nsukka towns of Enugu State were investigated. The species identified include Corchorus olitorius, Chrysophyllum albidum synonym, Gambeya albida, Carica papaya, Newbouldia laevis, Sida acuta, Ceiba pentandra, Ricinodendron heudelotti and Heliotropium indicum. The preliminary phytochemical analysis detected the presence of carbohydrate, reducing sugar, alkaloids, glycoside, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, resin, proteins, oil, steroids, terpenoids and acidic compounds.

Key words: Identification, preliminary, phytochemical analysis, herbs, threatened miscarriage.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

An Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey

Mehlika Benli¹* Umit Bingol¹, Fatmagul Geven¹, Kerim Guney² and Nazife Yigit³

¹Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Ankara, Turkey

²Kastamonu University, Faculty of Forestry, Kastamonu, Turkey

³Kirikkale University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Kirikkale, Turkey

Accepted 16 November, 2020

Abstract

In this study performed on six endemic plant species, antimicrobial activity was observed in Campanula lyrata subsp.lyrata and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana plants. The minimum inhibitory concentration of C. lyrata subsp. lyrata (leaf and flower) extract was found to be ≥ 29 mg/ml for Baccillus subtilis and ≥ 14.5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana (leaf) extract was found to be > 314 mg/ml for B. subtilis and when minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) results were evaluated, it was observed that the plant extracts had bacteriocidal effects. No antimicrobial activity was observed in the other plant extracts, namely, Onosma bornmuelleri (leaf- flower), Dianthus balansae (leaf- flower), Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri (seed) and Scabiosa columbaria subsp. paphlagonica (leaf) extracts that were tested.

Key words: Antimicrobial activity, endemic plants, plant extract.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of iron and growth inhibitors on siderophores production by Pseudomonas fluorescens

Djibaoui Rachid¹* and Bensoltane Ahmed²

¹Department of Biology, University of Mostaganem, Algeria.

²Department of Biology, University of Oran, Algeria.

Accepted 14 March, 2020

Abstract

The ability of Pseudomonas to grow and to produce siderophores is dependent on the iron content and the type of carbon sources in the medium. Under conditions of low-iron concentration the Pseudomonas isolates studied produced yellow-green fluorescent iron-binding peptide siderophores and the biosynthesis of this siderophores was affected by several different environmental parameters. Four basal media, supplemented with different concentration of iron, were employed to study the effect of iron and different organic carbon sources on siderophore production in Pseudomonas fluorescens. The highest siderophores concentration was obtained in succinate medium. Ferric iron increased the growth yield and completely repressed siderophores production above 200 g/l, but had a positive effect below 160 g/l. Penicillin and lead elicited the production of siderophores in the presence of excess iron. Pre-treatment of the standard succinate medium with a,a-dipyridyl and 8-hydroxyquinoline to reduce the concentration of iron diminished both the growth yield and siderophore production, but a,a-dipyridyl increased significantly the amount of siderophores produced in the presence of 0.20 mg/l of the chelating ion.

Key words: Pseudomonas fluorescens, siderophores, iron, penicillin, lead, a,a-dipyridyl , 8-hydroxyquinoline.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-003, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Suitability of the leaf extract of Jatropha gossypifolia as an anticoagulant for biochemical and haematological analyses

T. Oduola¹*, O.G Avwioro² andT.B Ayanniyi¹

¹Department of Haematology, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile – Ife Nigeria.

²Department of Histopathology, School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile – Ife, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 March, 2020

Abstract

The extract of Jatropha gossypifolia leaf was obtained by crushing the leaf in a mortal and the fluid expressed out. The suitability of the leaf extract as an anticoagulant for biochemical and haematological analyses was determined. The anticoagulant effect of the extract was found to be highest at a concentration of 0.1 ml per ml of blood. Blood tubes with dried leaf extract at the stated concentration were used for obtaining plasma. Mean plasma glucose values obtained from fluoride oxalate plasma were compared with values obtained from dried leaf extract plasma. The values obtained for biochemical parameters with the exception of bicarbonate from the leaf extract plasma samples were significantly higher (P<0.05) than values obtained from conventional anticoagulants. The leaf extract was later found to contain each of these parameters in high concentrations. The results of heamatological parameters obtained from the leaf extract and those of the dipotassium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid were comparable. The leaf extract is suitable as an anticoagulant for heamatological analysis but must be purified to remove interfering substances for it to be suitable for biochemical analysis.

Key words: Jatropha gossypifolia, anticoagulants, analysis.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-003, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Interaction between Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, and indoplanobis exustus, a possible competitor snail

Okere, P .U.¹* and Odaibo, A. B.²

¹Department of Biotechnology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

²Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 May, 2020

Abstract

Biological control of snail intermediate host of human schistosome parasites has been suggested. In this study, the effect of Indoplanobis exustus a planorbid snail and possible competitor snail of Biomphalaria pfeifferi on the fecundity and growth rate of the later was evaluated. The results showed a significant difference in the growth rates and fecundity of I. exustus and B. pfeifferi. Maintaining the snails together, the fecundity and growth rate of B pfeifferi were greatly reduced. There was direct relationship between fecundity and growth rate. I. exustus could therefore be a control agent of B. pfeifferi under similar prevailing condition.

Key words: Indoplanobis exustus, Biomphalaria pfeifferi, Schistosoma mansoni, fecundity, growth rate.

International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Seed abnormalities and associated mycoflora of rain-fed wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in South Western Nigeria

O. A. Enikuomehin

Department of Crop Protection, University of Agriculture, P. M. B 2240, Abeokuta, Nigeria.

E-Mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 May, 2020

Abstract

The health of wheat seeds produced under rain- fed conditions in South Western Nigeria was investigated. There were more abnormal (1.0 – 79.7%) than normal (10.7 – 28.7%) seeds. Forms of seed abnormality observed include wrinkled seeds (64.2 – 79.7%), entirely discoloured seeds (1.0 – 12.5%), seeds with discoloured embryo (germ) (1.2 – 1.5%) and brush (0.25 – 1.25%) ends. Fusarium graminearum and Helminthosporium sativum were associated with all seeds, but at higher levels in abnormal (F. graminearum , 0.5 – 78.5%; H. sativum, 2.5 – 86.0%) than normal seeds (F. graminearum, 2.25%; H. sativum, 0.75%). Viability of abnormal seeds was 1.50 – 32.0% which is much lower than the 88.0% germination of normal seeds.

Key words: Fungi, seed health testing, seed discolouration, wheat.