ISSN 2169-3048
Short Communication
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Cestrum diurnum (L.) (Solanales: Solanaceae)
Bhattacharjee I., Ghosh A. and Chandra G.
Mosquito Research Unit, Department of Zoology, The Burdwan University, India – 713104.
Accepted 22 September, 2019
Abstract
Cestrum diurnum (Solanaceae: Solanales) is a single or multistemmed shrub that is also known as Day Jasmine. The essential oil of the mature leaves of C. diurnum was analyzed by GLC and GLC-MS and altogether 14 components were detected. The main constituents were palmitic acid (27.62%), stearic acid (4.62%) and oleic acid (3.06%). The essential oil of mature leaves of C. diurnum were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against pathogenic strains of Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative (Escherichia Coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The oil showed strong in vitro activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus.
Key words: Cestrum diurnum, antimicrobial activity, essential oil, Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria.
Bhattacharjee I., Ghosh A. and Chandra G.
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-004, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Detection of microfilariae with counting chamber technique in some Nigerian rural communities
O. M. Agbolade1, D. O. Akinboye2
1Department Of Biological Sciences,Olabisi Onabanjo University, P.M.B. 2002, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria.
2Department Of Zoology, University Of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 14 September, 2019
Abstract
The conventional stained thick smear technique (TS) has innate possibility of underestimation of microfilariae (mf) in microfilaraemic subjects. The usability of counting chamber (CC) technique in the detection of mf was determined in three Nigerian rural communities where Loa loa and Mansonella perstans are endemic. Blood samples were collected by finger-pricking method from 612 subjects (334 males, 278 females), between February 1996 and July 1998. Each blood sample was examined for mf using TS or/and CC technique(s). CC technique had statistically higher sensitivity (79.3%) than TS technique (39.1%). For both techniques, the microfilarial range was 1 to 20 mf/50 l of blood. There was no statistically significant differences between the microfilarial geometric mean intensities with both techniques.
Key words: Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, microfilaraemia detection, counting chamber technique, Nigeria.
D. O. Akinboye, O. M. Agbolade
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-006, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Influence of water extract of Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) on growth of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)
Taiwo, L. B.1* and J. O. Makinde2
1Soil Microbiology Unit, 2Weed Science Unit, Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Obafemi Awolowo University, Moor-Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 August, 2019
Abstract
Laboratory analysis of the water extract of Tithonia diversifolia shoot and root on infra- red spectrometer to determine the phytotoxic potential and greenhouse experiments to evaluate its phytotoxic effect and growth promoting attribute on cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata L.) were carried out. T. diversifolia contained some compounds having functional groups such as alcohols, olefins, six-membered ring lactams, ester, aromatic compound which can also be found in sesquiterpene lactones, an allelochemical implicated in phytotoxicity. The extract promoted seedling and plant growth. Bacillus and Streptococcus spp. earlier isolated from the root rhizosphere of T. diversifolia caused some changes in the spectra of the component compounds in the extract. The plant extract promoted growth of cowpea.
Key words: Tithonia diversifolia, sesquiterpene lactones, Infra-red spectrometry; Vigna unguiculata, phytotoxicity.
Taiwo , L. B.* and J. O. Makinde
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Response of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) varieties to embryogenic callus induction and in vitro salt stress
Ch. Gandonou, J. Abrini, M. Idaomar and N. Skali Senhaji*
Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté des Sciences de Tétouan
Université Abdelmalek Essaâdi, B.P. 2121 Tétouan, Morocco.
Accepted 21 August, 2019
Abstract
Response of three varieties of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) to callus induction, embryogenic callus production and in vitro salt tolerance was studied. For callus induction and embryogenic callus production, leaf bases segments were subjected to in vitro culture on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3 mg l-1 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid for 4 weeks. To evaluate salt tolerance of the varieties, growing calli were exposed after two subsequent subcultures (4 weeks each) to different concentrations of NaCl (0, 17, 34, 68 and 102 mM) added to the culture medium for 4 weeks. Comparision of genotypes was based on callus induction percentage, embryogenic callus production percentage and relative fresh weight growth (RFWG). For salt tolerance, necrosis percentage and relative fresh weight growth of callus were used. The three varieties responded well to callus induction with a percentage of induction about 82, 84 and 100% for CP70-321, NCo310 and CP65- 357, respectively. The high percentages of embryogenic callus obtained for the three varieties indicated that these varieties have a high capacity for embryogenic callus production. Relative fresh weight growth of callus was about 1.076, 1.282 and 0.925 for CP70-321, NCo310 and CP65-357, respectively. NaCl effect resulted in calli necrosis and a reduction of their growth. However, growing calli derived from varieties CP70-321 and NCo310 showed less necrosis percentages and less relative fresh weight growth reduction under salt stress. They appeared to be more salt tolerant in vitro than CP65-357.
Key words: Callus induction, embryogenic callus culture, in vitro salt tolerance, Saccharum sp.
J. Abrini, Ch. Gandonou, M. Idaomar and N. Skali Senhaji*
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Toward a molecular evaluation of grain quality using glutenin subunits in Triticum carthlicum
Ardashir Kharabian Masouleh
Agronomy & Plant breeding Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Rasht Branch, Lakan Road.Pol- E-Taleshan, Rasht, Iran. Email: [email protected]. Tel: 0098 131 223 85 54. Website: http://www.Azad.ac.ir.
Accepted 05 July, 2019
Abstract
The grain quality of tetraploid wheat, Triticum carthlicum was analyzed by examining seed storage glutenin (HMW) markers at Glu-A1, Glu-B1 and Glu-D1 loci by SDS-PAGE method, as well as confirmation by Zeleny and Farinograph tests. 15 populations were collected from Iran, some areas of the Middle East and the North of Africa with this assumption that this species has originated from the Middle East region. A high rate of electrophoretic polymorphism and a close relationship between molecular markers, protein content and quality were detected at the studied loci. Presence of 5+10 bands indicate high protein content and excellent quality, while the null band shows low protein and bakery quality. Populations were classified into four groups from excellent (4th Class) to low (1st Class) in the quality status. A total value of classes (TVC) for each country was calculated by adding up values of each country as a main index for quality comparisons. Iranian populations of T. carthlicum showed the highest value of quality (TVC= 9) between all populations. All of the Egyptian, Syrian and Iraqi accessions were classified in the second rank (TVC= 6) and the Turkish samples the lowest (TVC= 3). This study suggests that the glutenin (HMW) markers can still be used as a powerful and reliable tool for identification and prediction of important traits like grain quality.
Key words: Alleles, glutenin, markers, SDS-PAGE, variation, wheat.
Ardashir Kharabian Masouleh
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ISSN 2169-3048 Vol. 8 (11), pp. 001-014, November, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus to red kidney and wheat plants tolerance grown in heavy metal-polluted soil
Gamal Hassan Rabie
Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Egypt.
Accepted 25 March, 2019
Abstract
The researcher had investigated the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculation in red kidney and wheat in heavy metals tolerance in soil artificially contaminated with high concentrations of zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. Metals accumulated by mycorrhizal wheat plants were mostly distributed in root tissues, suggesting that an exclusion strategy for metal tolerance widely exists in them. Mycorrhizal red kidney plants could accumulate relatively high metal concentrations in their shoots which indicated that internal detoxification metal tolerance mechanisms are also included. From a number of physiological indices measured in this study, mycorrhizal symbiosis significantly increased root and shoot dry weight, chlorophyll content and total lipid in wheat plants. It also significantly increased root and shoot dry weight, protein content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes in red kidney plants, when the two plant species are grown at heavy metals artificially contaminated soils. The beneficial effects of the Am fungus observed in this study aroused an interest in considering the role of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in plant-based strategies of remediation of highly heavy metal contaminated soils.
Key words: antioxidant, chlorophyll, dry weight, mycorrhiza, phosphor, phytoremediation, pollution, symbiosis.
Gamal Hassan Rabie
Page: 1 - 14