Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-009, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Free endogenous growth regulators in Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)

Yesim Okay*, Nurdan Tuna Güne  and A. Ilhami Köksal

Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, 06110 Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 21 July, 2019

Abstract

This research was carried out in order to observe seasonal changes of internal plant growth regulators in pistachio. This research was conducted during three years at a commercial pistachio orchard located in Firat valley in Nizip, Gaziantep. ‘Kirmizi’ pistachio cultivar trees grafted on Pistacia vera L. were used as plant material. Changes in auxin (IAA), cytokinin (Zeatin), gibberellin (GA₃) and abscisic acid (ABA) were observed in leaves in May, July and September of the first (heavy cropping year - ©on©-year) and second (subsequent light cropping year ©off ©-year) years. Besides, yield and flower bud abscission rate were observed during three years to determine the relationships among the level of plant growth regulator, yield and flower bud abscission. It was observed that the IAA, zeatin and ABA levels in the leaf were high in the first year, and was low in the second year. The annual GA₃ levels were lower in the ‘on’ year and higher in the alternate bearing, ‘off’ year. The correlation analysis between the hormones and fruit bud abscission rates showed that increase in the ABA levels caused also increase in fruit bud abscission at all months in the first year.

Key words: Auxin, zeatin, gibberellic acid, abscisic acid, pistachio.

Key words: Arabidopsis, meiosis, mutants, fertility.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 9 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Web-based bioinformatic resources for protein and nucleic acids sequence alignment

Kamel A. Abd-Elsalam

Molecular Markers Lab., Plant Pathology Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Orman 12619, Giza, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 14 May, 2019

Abstract

DNA sequencing is the deciphering of hereditary information. It is an indispensable prerequisite for many biotechnical applications and technologies and the continual acquisition of genomic information is very important. This opens the door not only for further research and better understanding of the architectural plan of life, but also for future clinical diagnosis based on the genetic data of individuals. Bioinformatics can be broadly defined as the creation and development of advanced information and computational techniques for problems in biology. More narrowly, bioinformatics is the set of computing techniques used to manage and extract useful information from the DNA/RNA/protein sequence data being generated (at high volumes) by automated techniques (e.g. DNA sequencers, DNA microarrays) and stored in large public databases (e.g. GenBank, Protein DataBank). Certain method for analyzing genetic/protein data has been found to be extremely computationally intensive, providing motivation for the use of powerful computers. The advent of the Internet and the World Wide Web has substantially increased the availability of information and computational resources available to experimental biologists. This review will describe the current on-line resources available, including protein and nucleic acids sequence alignment.

Key words: Sequence alignment, DNA, Protein, ClustalW, FASTA.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-018, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Lignocellulose biotechnology: issues of bioconversion and enzyme production

Howard R.L.^1*, Abotsi E²., Jansen van Rensburg E.L.¹ and Howard S.³

¹Microbiology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.

²Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.

³Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.

Accepted 19 March 2019

Abstract

This review is written from the perspective of scientists working in lignocellulose bioconversion in a developing country and the aim of this review is to remind ourselves and other scientists working in related areas of lignocellulose research of the enormous economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials generally regarded as “waste”, and secondly to highlight some of the modern approaches which potentially could be used to tackle one of the major impediments, namely high enzyme cost, to speed-up the extensive commercialisation of the lignocellulose bioprocessing.

Key words: lignocellulose, bioconversion, enzyme cost.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 9 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effect of extreme water stress on leaf drying limits and possibilities of recovering in three grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars

Elman Bahar¹*, Alain Carbonneau² and Ilknur Korkutal¹

¹Department of Horticulture, Agricultural Faculty, Namik Kemal University, 59030 Tekirdag, Turkiye.

²De Viticulture, Montpellier SupAgro, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier cedex 1, France.

Accepted 10 March, 2019

Abstract

This study was conducted in three grapevine cultivars (cv. Chardonnay, Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon) vines during the 2009 growing season in the ECOTRON of the campus of Montpellier SupAgro/France. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of sudden and extreme water stress (EWS) to determine the limit of the leaf drying (depend on _leaf), possibilities of recovering, and its relationship with grapes composition. A randomized block design was used. There were three blocks with three replicates. In the experiment all plots consisted of totally 36 grapevines. During the entire experiment in ESW vines both _pd and _md values were close to each other by decreasing to about -2.1 MPa in all three varieties. After this level ( -2.1 MPa) they both get close to each other until their equality in -3.7 MPa. This value was determined as the threshold of all leaf dryings in the vines. In EWS vines the lowest read _pd and _md was -4.6 MPa. In the next measurement _pd and _md were forced to -5.0 MPa, and water exit from leaf petiole was not observed in the same vines. After EWS treatment, berries became smaller and these lead to increase of Anthocyanin concentration, Folin-Ciocalteu index (FCI) and PTI values at harvest time. However as a result of EWS applications pH values increased to a level which had a negative effect on wine quality. There was a reduction in the values of 100 berry weight, berry volume, total soluble solids (TSS), sugar concentration, sugar content per berry, K and tartaric acid. The conclusion is that as a result of sudden EWS although all the leaves dried, vines did not die even they recovered by rewatering. However EWS had a negative effect on the berry quality.

Key words: Leaf water potential, extreme water stress, berry composition, recovering, leaf drying limits.

Frontiers of Agriculture and Food Technology ISSN 7295-2849 Vol. 9 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

In vitro culture of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: advances and future prospects

Tahir Abdoulaye DIOP

Université Cheikh Anta DIOP, Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Département de Biologie végétale, B.P. 5005, Dakar Sénégal/Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Sols, Centre de Recherches ISRA/IRD/UCAD, B.P 1386, Dakar, Sénégal. E.mail: [email protected].

Accepted 25 April, 2019

Abstract

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi are ecologically important for most vascular plants for their growth and survival. AM fungi are obligate symbionts. In recent years, there have been many attempts to cultivate in vitro. Some relevant results indicate efforts are not far from successful growth of AM fungi independent of a plant host. This paper describes the methods to cultivate root organs, and to select and purify AM fungal inocula (intraradical and extraradical forms). Axenic and monoxenic cultures of AM fungi are summarized and we propose a methodology to recover and achieve continuous culture of AM fungi without lost of infectivity. The in vitro systems have proved to be a valuable tool to study fundamental and practical aspects of AM symbiosis, complementing the in vivo experimental approaches. Finally, we give some proposals of in vitro AM researches to exploit more the potentialities of AM symbiosis.

Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, continuous culture, root organ cultures, intraradical and extraradical forms, in vitro.