Advances in Food Science and Technology

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Impact of Feeding Frequency on Growth and Feed Efficiency in African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Fingerlings and Juveniles

A. Z. Aderolu*, B. M. Seriki, A. L. Apatira and C. U. Ajaegbo

Aquaculture Nutrition Unit, Department of Marine Sciences, University of Lagos, Akoka-Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 December, 2024

Abstract

Feeding frequency effect on growth performance, feed utilization and economic viability of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and juveniles were studied under natural photoperiods of 12/12 h light/dark cycle using a complete random design. Triplicate group of 10 fish with an initial mean weight of 8.5 ± 0.1 g and 34.3 ± 0.1 g respectively per tank (measuring 52 x 33.5 x 21 cm). A commercial feed (COPPENS) with crude protein of 42% and ether extract 12% was fed for 8 weeks over four feeding frequencies studied (once, twice, thrice and four times). Mean weight gain, relative growth rate and the specific growth rate were all significantly different (P < 0.05) across feeding levels except at thrice and four times feeding levels. The feed conversion ratio was lowest on three times a day feeding level both for the juvenile and fingerling (0.66 and 0.73, respectively). Although net profit value, in both juvenile and fingerling group are not significantly different, the investment cost analysis and the gross profit between fish fed thrice and four times are equally not significantly (P > 0.05) different. The results of this experiment, both at the juvenile and fingerling stages indicate that fish could be fed three times a day with maximum growth and profit.

Key words: Feeding frequency, feed utilization, growth, economic viability, Clarias gariepinus.

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluating Nutritional Content and Microbial Safety of Bambara Nut Condiments: A Study of Local and Laboratory Production Methods

¹Adamu Shahidah A., ¹Nazidi Ibrahim, ²Salau I. A. and ²Sambo S

¹Department of Microbiology, Sokoto State University, Sokoto, Nigeria
^*2Department of Biology, Shehu Shagari College of Education, Sokoto, Nigeria

Accepted 16 December, 2024

Abstract

The proximate composition and microbiological load of bambara nut (Vigna subterranea L (Verd) condiment: inoculated and un-inoculated samples were evaluated. The proximate composition revealed variations between unfermented and fermented seeds of bambara nut with lipid having a value of 1.67 and 13.33%; protein value 6.53 and 11.44%; then carbohydrate was 77.8 and 49.46% respectively. The organisms associated with fermented Bambara nut condiment were Staphylococcus saprophyticus and streptococcus species in un-inoculated sample and Bacillus subtilis and B licheniformis in inoculated sample. This suggests that ‘bambara nut condiment’ is a good and cheap source of protein for the lower class, who cannot afford other expensive sources of proteins.

Keywords: Bambara nut, condiment, inoculated, un-inoculated and proximate composition.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Exploring the Interrelationships Between Oil Composition and Fatty Acid Profiles in Maize Varieties

Gül Ebru Orhun* and Kayihan Z. Korkut

Çanakale Onsekiz Mart University, Bayramiç Vocational College 17700, Çanakkale / Turkey.

Accepted 5 September, 2024

Abstract

In this study, 28 F1 maize hybrids obtained by 8x8 half diallel crossing were used, in order for the interrelationships among the oil content and fatty acids to be determined by correlation analyses. The range values for oil content of hybrids varied between 3.34 to 4.95%. The results showed positive correlation meaningfully between most traits, and it showed that oleic acid has the most possitive correlation (r = 0.655**) with oil content.

Key words: Oil, corn, fatty acids, interrelationships, correlation coefficient.

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing Shrub Biomass and Feed Value in West Turkish Mediterranean Shrublands Across Seasons

Altıngül Ozaslan Parlak¹*, Ahmet Gokkus¹, B. Hakan Hakyemez² and Harun Baytekin¹

¹Department of Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey.
²Kırıkkale University, Higher School of Vocational Education, Plant and Animal Production, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.

Accepted 22 March, 2024

Abstract

Shrublands are important habitats for ruminants in the Mediterranean area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shrub yield, quality (between November 2006- November 2007) and preferences of goats for the six shrubs (Quercus coccifera L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Juniperus oxycedrus, Cistus creticus L., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach and Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.) of Mediterranean shrublands in Turkey. In the shrubland the highest yield was obtained from kermes oak and prickly juniper. Yield in May was higher than that of in October. Dry matter (DM), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were low and Crude protein (CP), Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ME, P, and Ca were high during the spring in the kermes oak, thyme and mock privet. Reverse situation was observed during the summer and winter months. Changes in the prickly juniper, pink rockrose and prickly burnet were not stable. When production and nutritive values of the shrubs were considered, goats showed deficiency in CP and ME throughout the year except in the spring. P and Ca were found sufficient. As a conclusion, in Mediterranean shrublands, goats should be fed with supplementary energy feed throughout the year except for spring months, and with CP during summer months in order to obtain satisfactory productivity.

Key words: Mediterranean shrublands, shrub yield, forage quality, evergreen shrubs.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Examining Cyanobacterial Responses to Varied Microwave Exposure: A Physiological Analysis of PHORMIDIUM sp. Kützing ISC31

Akram Asadi¹*, Ramazan-Ali Khavari-Nejad^1,2, Neda Soltani³, Farzaneh Najafi¹ and Ahmad Molaie-Rad⁴

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moalem University, P.O. Box 19835-371, Tehran, Iran.
²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
³Department of Biology, ACECR, Research Institute of Applied Science, Tehran, Iran.
⁴Department of Science and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 18 January, 2024

Abstract

We investigated the influence of microwave radiation on physiological behaviors of PHORMIDIUM sp. Kützing ISC31 (Oscillatoriales). The organism grown in BG-11 medium was microwave-treated at a frequency of 2450 MHz using a microwave oven. Fifteen (15) microwave pretreatments were established, combining five intensities (180, 360, 540, 720 and 900 W/cm2) and three periods of pretreatment [10, 20 and 30 second(s)]. Our results revealed that samples exposed to microwave various intensities showed significantly higher growth rates and biomass than that of non-irradiated controls. The content of chlorophyll a, which exists in the thylakoid membrane, decreased with increase in field strength and duration of exposure. Synthesis of the phycobiliproteins (PBP), phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC), except in 720 and 900 W/cm2 (30 s), increased in all exposures as compared to that of control. Photosynthetic activity rate compared to nitrogenase activity increased in all microwave exposures except in 180 W (10 s) and 720 W (10 s). Identification was carried out by molecular method. The result of PCR blasted with sequenced cyanobacteria in NCBI showed 97% homology to the 16S rRNA of PHORMIDIUM sp. This study revealed that various microwave intensities induce different physiological effects, depending on field strength and duration of exposure.

Key words: 16S rRNA gene, PCR, Phormidium, microwave treatment, physiological characteristic, paddy field.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimizing Benzimidazole Extraction with Supported Liquid Membranes: A Chemometric Study of Influential Factors

Titus A. M. Msagati¹*, J. Catherine Ngila¹, Mathew M. Nindi² and Bhekie B. Mamba¹

¹Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein,
2028, South Africa.
²Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, P. O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003 South Africa.

Accepted 19 November, 2023

Abstract

Principle component analysis (PCA) and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed in the study of factors affecting extractability of benzimidazole anthelmintics using supported liquid membrane (SLM) in liver, kidney, milk and urine at four concentration levels. The SLM extraction process was monitored by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The results showed that the extractability of benzimidazoles is dependent on both the concentration levels and the chemical properties of compounds. Based on chemical properties, extraction of the compounds from the liver matrix showed no significant difference (p = 0.05) for the following pairs; albendazole and oxibendazole, thiabendazole and mebendazole, oxibendazole and fenbendazole, and oxibendazole and mebendazole. At some of the concentration levels, mainly between 1000 and 100, 100 and 10, and 10 and 1 µg/Kg, there was no significant difference. It was also found that, there was significant difference (at p = 0.05) in the extractability in milk between oxibendazole and albendazole, and also oxibendazole and fenbendazole. For milk also, the concentration range from 10 to 100 µg/L, showed no significant difference (p = 0.05). Urine matrix on the other hand, showed significant difference in the recoveries at all concentration levels.

Key words: Benzimidazoles, supported liquid membrane (SLM), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principle component analysis (PCA).