Advances in Food Science and Technology

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessing Shrub Biomass and Feed Value in West Turkish Mediterranean Shrublands Across Seasons

Altıngül Ozaslan Parlak¹*, Ahmet Gokkus¹, B. Hakan Hakyemez² and Harun Baytekin¹

¹Department of Field Crops, Agriculture Faculty, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Turkey.
²Kırıkkale University, Higher School of Vocational Education, Plant and Animal Production, Kırıkkale 71450, Turkey.

Accepted 22 March, 2024

Abstract

Shrublands are important habitats for ruminants in the Mediterranean area. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shrub yield, quality (between November 2006- November 2007) and preferences of goats for the six shrubs (Quercus coccifera L., Phillyrea latifolia L., Juniperus oxycedrus, Cistus creticus L., Sarcopoterium spinosum (L.) Spach and Thymus longicaulis C. Presl.) of Mediterranean shrublands in Turkey. In the shrubland the highest yield was obtained from kermes oak and prickly juniper. Yield in May was higher than that of in October. Dry matter (DM), Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) were low and Crude protein (CP), Dry matter digestibility (DMD), ME, P, and Ca were high during the spring in the kermes oak, thyme and mock privet. Reverse situation was observed during the summer and winter months. Changes in the prickly juniper, pink rockrose and prickly burnet were not stable. When production and nutritive values of the shrubs were considered, goats showed deficiency in CP and ME throughout the year except in the spring. P and Ca were found sufficient. As a conclusion, in Mediterranean shrublands, goats should be fed with supplementary energy feed throughout the year except for spring months, and with CP during summer months in order to obtain satisfactory productivity.

Key words: Mediterranean shrublands, shrub yield, forage quality, evergreen shrubs.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Examining Cyanobacterial Responses to Varied Microwave Exposure: A Physiological Analysis of PHORMIDIUM sp. Kützing ISC31

Akram Asadi¹*, Ramazan-Ali Khavari-Nejad^1,2, Neda Soltani³, Farzaneh Najafi¹ and Ahmad Molaie-Rad⁴

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moalem University, P.O. Box 19835-371, Tehran, Iran.
²Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran.
³Department of Biology, ACECR, Research Institute of Applied Science, Tehran, Iran.
⁴Department of Science and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 18 January, 2024

Abstract

We investigated the influence of microwave radiation on physiological behaviors of PHORMIDIUM sp. Kützing ISC31 (Oscillatoriales). The organism grown in BG-11 medium was microwave-treated at a frequency of 2450 MHz using a microwave oven. Fifteen (15) microwave pretreatments were established, combining five intensities (180, 360, 540, 720 and 900 W/cm2) and three periods of pretreatment [10, 20 and 30 second(s)]. Our results revealed that samples exposed to microwave various intensities showed significantly higher growth rates and biomass than that of non-irradiated controls. The content of chlorophyll a, which exists in the thylakoid membrane, decreased with increase in field strength and duration of exposure. Synthesis of the phycobiliproteins (PBP), phycocyanin (PC), phycoerythrin (PE) and allophycocyanin (APC), except in 720 and 900 W/cm2 (30 s), increased in all exposures as compared to that of control. Photosynthetic activity rate compared to nitrogenase activity increased in all microwave exposures except in 180 W (10 s) and 720 W (10 s). Identification was carried out by molecular method. The result of PCR blasted with sequenced cyanobacteria in NCBI showed 97% homology to the 16S rRNA of PHORMIDIUM sp. This study revealed that various microwave intensities induce different physiological effects, depending on field strength and duration of exposure.

Key words: 16S rRNA gene, PCR, Phormidium, microwave treatment, physiological characteristic, paddy field.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Optimizing Benzimidazole Extraction with Supported Liquid Membranes: A Chemometric Study of Influential Factors

Titus A. M. Msagati¹*, J. Catherine Ngila¹, Mathew M. Nindi² and Bhekie B. Mamba¹

¹Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, PO Box 17011, Doornfontein,
2028, South Africa.
²Department of Chemistry, University of South Africa, P. O. Box 392, Pretoria, 0003 South Africa.

Accepted 19 November, 2023

Abstract

Principle component analysis (PCA) and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed in the study of factors affecting extractability of benzimidazole anthelmintics using supported liquid membrane (SLM) in liver, kidney, milk and urine at four concentration levels. The SLM extraction process was monitored by liquid chromatography - mass spectrometer (LC-MS). The results showed that the extractability of benzimidazoles is dependent on both the concentration levels and the chemical properties of compounds. Based on chemical properties, extraction of the compounds from the liver matrix showed no significant difference (p = 0.05) for the following pairs; albendazole and oxibendazole, thiabendazole and mebendazole, oxibendazole and fenbendazole, and oxibendazole and mebendazole. At some of the concentration levels, mainly between 1000 and 100, 100 and 10, and 10 and 1 µg/Kg, there was no significant difference. It was also found that, there was significant difference (at p = 0.05) in the extractability in milk between oxibendazole and albendazole, and also oxibendazole and fenbendazole. For milk also, the concentration range from 10 to 100 µg/L, showed no significant difference (p = 0.05). Urine matrix on the other hand, showed significant difference in the recoveries at all concentration levels.

Key words: Benzimidazoles, supported liquid membrane (SLM), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), principle component analysis (PCA).
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (4), pp. 001-010, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Effect of skin contact treatments on the aroma profile and chemical components of mulberry (Morus alba Linn.) wines

Supachai Samappito¹ and Luchai Butkhup²*

¹Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
²Laboratory Equipment Center, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.

Accepted 14 December, 2023

Abstract

A study was conducted to determine the effect of extended skin contact time on the sensory properties of mulberry wine. Aroma components were analyzed by headspace–solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS–SPME/GC–MS). The contents in aroma compounds were related to the skin contact time. Compared with immediate pressing and 6 h skin contact, 12 h skin contact improved the sensory characteristics. Skin contact slightly increased some aroma attributes, including phenylethyl alcohol, 1-decanol, 3-ethoxy-1-propanol, ethyl acetate, isobutyl acetate, ethyl octanoate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate, and ethyl butyrate. Attributes such as fruity, solvent, floral and fatty had a significant increase in wines elaborated with skin contact. In the present work, the aromatic profile of mulberry wine was first characterized. With regard to the overall aromatic characteristics and quality, the skin contact wines gave better aroma than the control wine.

Key words: Mulberry, aromatic compound, skin contact.

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Evaluation of the biochemical effects of auxins on nutritional quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon), genotype JM 94/47

C. O. Olaiya¹*, K. O. Soetan² and N. S. Ogunkolade³

¹Department of Biochemistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
²Department of Veterinary Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. 
³Department of Biochemistry, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo, State, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 November, 2023

Abstract

The effect of Indole-3- acetic acid (IAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 60, 100 and 140 mg/L was evaluated on some biochemical indices of the nutritional quality of tomato (Solanum lycopersicon). The parameters evaluated were crude proteins, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, dry matter, titratable acidity, total carbohydrate, total soluble solids (oBrix), pH and oBrix/Acid ratio. The results showed that all the concentrations of IAA, IBA and NAA increased the levels of crude proteins, crude fat, crude fibre, ash, titratable acidity but decreased the total carbohydrate content. A decrease in dry matter content was evident in 60 mg/L of IAA, IBA, NAA and 100 mg/L of NAA. The pH of tomato pulp decreased in treatments involving 100 mg/L of IAA and 140 mg/L of IAA and NAA respectively. The total soluble solid content and oBrix/Acid ratio were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the 100 mg/L NAA treatment. The results indicated that the bioregulators could enhance the basic tomato nutrients of importance in human diet.

Keywords: Indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, naphthalene acetic acid, nutritional quality, tomato.
 

Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 12 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Occurrence of some enteropathogenic bacteria in some minimally and fully processed ready - to - eat foods in Kano metropolis, Nigeria

Bukar, A.¹*, Uba, A.² and Oyeyi, T. I.¹

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Bayero University, PMB 3011, Kano.
²Biological Sciences Programme, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi.

Accepted 21 December, 2023

Abstract

Twelve (12) different food types consisting of six (6) fully processed and six (6) minimally processed ready – to – eat foods sourced from different areas of Kano metropolis were analysed for the presence of enteropathogenic bacteria from June – August, 2009. Enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria using the aerobic plate count (APC) revealed that the mean count for all foods examined except zobo drink, exceeded the maximum acceptable limit (105 cfu/g/ml) set by the Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. The highest mean count of 1.60 x 107 cfu/g was obtained for tomato (minimally processed food), while the least count of 2.49 x 104 cfu/ml was recorded for zobo drink (fully processed food). Out of a total of 60 food samples analysed, Escherichia coli recorded the highest frequency of occurrence of 24 (46.6%), followed by V. cholerae with 15 (25.0%) while Salmonella typhi recorded the least occurrence rate of 6 (10.0%). Overall, the fully processed foods were observed to be less contaminated with enteropathogenic bacteria than the minimally processed foods. The results indicated that most of the ready – to – eat food samples examined in this study did not meet bacteriological quality standards. The implications of the results on human and environmental health are discussed.

Keywords: Enteropathogenic, bacteria, ready - to - eat, food, Kano.