ISSN 2756-3286
Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of myoinositol and zinc on sporangiospore-yeast transformation of MUCOR CIRCINELLOIDES Tieghe
C. O. Omoifo
Department of Crop Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 14 September, 2019
Abstract
Environmental factors influence mould-yeast interconversion. Such factors may trigger changes at the cellular level. Yeastlike cells induced from sporangiospores of MUCOR species consist of central globose mothercell, which produce multiple buds by blastic action. This study examines the effect of synthetic broth on sporangiospores of M. CIRCINELLOIDES. Sporangiospores of M. CIRCINELLOIDES converted to determinate thallic subtypes including enterothallic- holothallic- and holoblastic conidia, as well as terminal budding yeast cells in synthetic broth treatments with zinc and myoinositol (myo) supplementations. In a study monitored at 24 h intervals, profiling gave 2-phase expression in some treatments and this was influenced by the presence of thallic forms. However, sigmoid pattern was obtained in control broth as well as in 0.25 mM Zn2+ and 1.0 – 3.0 mM myo treatments. Such treatments enhanced growth by 32.95, 65.07 and 63.82%, respectively, over control mean growth. Proliferating yeast cells induced from sporangiospores of M. CIRCINELLOIDES transformed through several transient morphologies in a sequential manner, protoplast being the cross over form. Zinc and myo supplementation enhanced yeast induction. It was strongly suggested that they acted as second messengers in signal transduction and consequent yeast induction. Whereas thallic subtypes were present, subsequent transformation of their cytosolic contents, following thallic cell wall rupture, followed the same pattern of lateral morphogenetic transformation.
Key words: Mucor circinelloides, sporangiospores, synthetic broth, zinc, myoinositol, induced morphology.
C. O. Omoifo
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1119Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of metabolites produced by Trichoderma species against Ceratocystis paradoxa in culture medium
E.I. Eziashi1*, N.U. Uma2, A.A. Adekunle2 and C.E. Airede1
1Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research (NIFOR), Plant Pathology Division, P.M.B. 1030 Benin City, Edo State. Nigeria.
2Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Lagos, Akoka, Yaba, Lagos State. Nigeria.
Accepted 14 September, 2019
Abstract
Metabolites released from Trichoderma viride, T. polysporum, T. hamatum and T. aureoviride were tested in culture medium against Ceratocystis paradoxa, which causes black seed rot in oil palm sprouted seeds. The Trichoderma metabolites had similar fungistatic effects on the growth of C. paradoxa except those from T. aureoviride. The inhibition varied depending on the Trichoderma species producing the metabolites; from 2.0% to 64% in volatile, 0.0% to 74% in non-volatile and 0.0% to 81% from direct- diffusible metabolites. C. paradoxa growth was significantly reduced in the presence of metabolites produced by T. viride and T. polysporum than the other species. T. aureoviride had the least growth inhibition, and medium containing direct-diffusible metabolite supported highest inhibition of C. paradoxa.
Key words: Metabolite, Trichoderma, Ceratocystis paradoxa, Fungistatic.
E.I. Eziashi*, N.U. Uma, A.A. Adekunle and C.E. Airede
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1118Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Optimization of FTA technology for large scale plant DNA isolation for use in marker assisted selection
Mbogori MN, Kimani M, Kuria A, Lagat M, Danson JW*
Biotechnology Centre, Kenya Agricultural Research Institute, Kenya.
Accepted 16 October, 2019
Abstract
Conventional methods for DNA acquisition and storage require expensive reagents and equipments. Experimental fields located in remote areas and large sample size presents greater challenge to developing country institutions constrained financially. FTATM technology uses a single format utilizing basic tools found in laboratory. In this study, FTATM cards were used to collect over 3000 samples from a field located 130 km and used to screen progeny plants using PCR-marker-assisted selection. PCR product yields and quality are sufficient for reliable scoring, distinguishing heterozygous from homozygous plants using ABI 3730 sequencer. Results indicate that this method is faster, easier and in-expensive.
Key words: FTATM, large-scale, DNA sampling, field set up, marker assisted selection.
Danson JW*, Lagat M, Mbogori MN, Kimani M, Kuria A
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1116Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of feed forms and feeding frequency on growth performance and nutrient utilization of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings
Ajani F.1*, Dawodu M. O.2 and Bello-Olusoji O. A.3
1Department of Animal Science and Fisheries Management, P. M. B. 284, Bowen University, lwo, Nigeria.
2Department of Chemistry, P. M. B. 284, Bowen University, lwo, Nigeria.
3Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria.
Accepted 20 October, 2019
Abstract
A 12-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum feeding frequency and best feed form for the growth and nutrient utilization of African catfish Clarias gariepinus. Three replicate groups of fish (average weight of 3.05+ 0.25 g) were fed at 5% body weight using either floating or sinking pellets at different feeding frequencies (three meals a day, two meals a day or one meal a day) in a 2 × 3 factorial experimental design. The mean weight gain and daily feed intake of the fish were not affected significantly by the feed forms; however the fish fed with floating pellets had a slight higher weight gain than those fed with the sinking pellets. The weight gain and daily feed intake of fish fed floating or sinking pellets twice a day and thrice a day were significantly higher than that of the fish fed once in a day (p < 0.05) . The feeding frequency did not have any effect on the feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio in the fish fed with sinking pellet but these variables were significantly (p < 0.05) affected in the fish fed once in a day when compared with other feeding frequencies while using floating pellet. The feeding frequencies and feed forms had no significant effect on the protein content of the fish carcass. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded in the lipid content of fish as feeding frequency increases. It is therefore concluded that any of these fish feed forms can be fed at twice or thrice per day effectively for optimum result in the growth of C. gariepinus.
Key words: African catfish (Clarias gariepinus), feed frequency, feed form, growth, nutrient utilization.
Ajani F.*, Dawodu M. O and Bello-Olusoji O. A
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1115Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Estimating the production in two shrub species of Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron using some morphological parameters
Seyed Akbar Javadi1*, Somayeh Naseri2, Mohammad Jafari3 and Mohammad Zadbar4
1Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Department of Range Management, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
3Faculty of Natural Resources, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
4Agriculture and Natural Resources Research Center of Khorasan, Khorasan, Iran.
Accepted 17 November, 2019
Abstract
In this study, the relationship between production as an independent variable and small diameter, large diameter, height, canopy cover, volume, average diameter height as dependent variables in Atriplex canescens and Haloxylon ammodendron were evaluated to select the best variables for estimating production in these species. The study site was located in Yousef Abad Neyshabur Rangelands, North East of Iran, Khorasan Razavi Province. Samplings were done random-systematic along Transects with 300 m length and 100 m distance from each other (samplings were done at the first, middle and end of each Transect and in the plots with dimensions of 2 × 4 m2 in H. ammodendron and 4 × 4 m2 in A. canescens). Production was measured by clipping and weighting method. Parameters like small and large diameter, height and canopy cover were also measured. To evaluate the relationship between dependent variables and production as independent variable, the multiple variables regression analysis and stepwise regression were performed. The results showed that volume in At. canescens and height in Ha. ammodendron was the most effective factors for estimating production.
Key words: Shrub production, cover, stepwise regression, Atriplex canescens, Haloxylon ammodendron, Yousef Abad Neyshabur, Arid rangelands.
Somayeh Naseri, Mohammad Jafari and Mohammad Zadbar, Seyed Akbar Javadi*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1114Research Article
Advances in Food Science and Technology ISSN: 6732-4215 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of continuous cropping duration on population dynamics of second-stage juvenile Meloidogyne spp. and free-living soil nematodes
H. Y. Wu* and L. B. Shi
College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China.
Accepted 15 October, 2019
Abstract
Due to continuous cropping over many years, the root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) has become a severe pest in plastic film greenhouses in China. This study investigated the populations of root-knot nematode second-stage juveniles (J2) in comparison to other free-living soil nematodes in soils continuous cropped for different durations. Overall, the J2 population increased with the duration of continuous cropping. The number of J2 at different soil depths in soils cropped for 0 and 5 years was significantly lower than in soils cropped for 8 and 12 years (P < 0.05). In soils that had been continuously cropped for 8 and 12 years, the average number of J2 was 154.9 and 861.8 nematodes per 100 g dry soil, respectively. The J2 numbers increased with soil depth, being predominantly distributed at 20 - 30 cm soil depths. Free-living nematode populations also increased with soil depth. The percentage of J2 nematodes based on total nematode numbers was significantly higher in soils continuously cropped for 8 and 12 years than for plots cropped for 0 or 5 years (P < 0.05).
Key words: Distribution, soil depth, soil nematode, tomato.
H. Y. Wu*, L. B. Shi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/AFST/1113