Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 9, September 2025 | pp. 73–81

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150901

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Corporate Accountability for Mineral Extortion during the Cambodian Civil Conflict

Authors: Kumari M. Perera¹, Ziad H. Al-Rifai²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹International Centre for Ethnic Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka; ²Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Media Studies, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Abstract:
Transitional justice initiatives heavily prioritize documenting state human rights abuses, while routinely ignoring corporate complicity in financial crimes and illegal resource extraction during civil conflicts. This paper evaluates the structural limitations of post-conflict Cambodia's reconciliation models concerning the prosecution of commercial timber and mineral extraction networks that actively financed factional violence. Utilizing comprehensive legal archival datasets, mining concession tax records, and human rights databases from 1993 to 2024, we measure the long-term socioeconomic impacts of omitting corporate accountability from early peace agreements. The quantitative analysis reveals that industrial extraction businesses that profited from rural resources avoided financial restitution, leaving structural economic imbalances uncorrected. Our statistical models demonstrate that regions with high historical corporate resource capture report a 40% increase in localized social protests and artisanal labor disputes over resource distribution. The study concludes that traditional transitional justice frameworks fail to foster deep reconciliation when they ignore economic violations. We argue that modern democratic stability requires integrating binding corporate accountability frameworks directly into transitional justice mechanisms.

Keywords: Political Economy; Transitional Justice; Corporate Accountability; Cambodia; Mineral Extortion; Structural Inequality.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: June 10, 2023; Revised: August 20, 2023; Accepted: October 15, 2023; Published: September 12, 2025

Citation: Perera, K. M., & Al-Rifai, Z. H. (2025). The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Corporate Accountability for Mineral Extortion during the Cambodian Civil Conflict. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(9), 73–81. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150901

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Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 10, October 2025 | pp. 82–90

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151001

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Sovereignty, Border Securitization, and Cross-Border Insurgency: Assessing Security Dynamics along the Horn of Africa Triangle Frontier

Authors: Amanuel T. Mengistu¹, Youssef Al-Masri²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ²Department of Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract:
The rapid escalation of localized military insurgencies and subsequent cross-border incursions across the Mandera Triangle frontier has redefined regional border security frameworks and heightened geopolitical friction between adjacent states in the Horn of Africa. This study presents a systematic analysis of structural drivers behind cross-border militant movements and evaluates the security outcomes of unilateral state border militarization projects. Utilizing a mixed-methods research framework that combines satellite geographical surveillance data from 2022 to 2024 with key informant security interviews, we dissect frontier operational vulnerabilities. The field data demonstrates that insurgent networks exploit porous desert geography, shared ethnic marginalization, and high border-zone unemployment to establish resilient operational structures. Quantitative metrics establish that frontier regions operating without integrated, bilateral border communication matrices experience a 65% higher rate of unauthorized border skirmishes and black-market smuggling operations. The paper demonstrates that heavy-handed tactical military sweeps fail to suppress cross-border networks when they ignore rural development. We conclude that sustainable frontier stabilization requires transitioning from unilateral fortification toward bilateral customs checking frameworks and international resource sharing programs.

Keywords: Cross-Border Insurgency; Border Securitization; Mandera Triangle; Regional Friction; Tactical Vulnerabilities; Horn of Africa.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 05, 2023; Revised: September 02, 2023; Accepted: November 15, 2023; Published: October 14, 2025

Citation: Mengistu, A. T., & Al-Masri, Y. (2025). Sovereignty, Border Securitization, and Cross-Border Insurgency: Assessing Security Dynamics along the Horn of Africa Triangle Frontier. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(10), 82–90. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151001

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Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 11, November 2025 | pp. 91–99

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151101

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Evaluating Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration Frameworks: The Role of Community-Led Agro-Cooperatives in Reintegrating Former Combatants in Post-War Yemen

Authors: Tariq H. Al-Sabahi¹, Sarah L. Bernstein²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; ²Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abstract:
Formal Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration (DDR) strategies frequently encounter intense friction within civil communities following long-term, identity-based armed conflicts. This paper evaluates the operational efficacy of traditional, community-led psychosocial support mechanisms compared to state-administered vocational programs in supporting former combatants in post-conflict Yemen. Utilizing a longitudinal tracking methodology, we monitored 310 former insurgent fighters across a three-year post-conflict window ending in late 2024. The quantitative metrics reveal that ex-combatants integrated into rural agricultural cooperatives featuring strong grassroots community support systems recorded a 44% lower score on clinical psychological trauma indexes than those placed in individual urban environments. Furthermore, qualitative focus group assessments show that local cooperative models are more successful at rebuilding inter-communal trust and reducing retaliatory violence because they prioritize shared economic survival over individual legal compensation. The study demonstrates that centralized state DDR kits isolate returning combatants by neglecting community-wide healing dynamics. We argue that ensuring long-term democratic stability requires formally embedding localized cooperative structures into national peace implementation frameworks.

Keywords: DDR; Yemen Stabilization; Ex-Combatants; Psychosocial Reintegration; Community Cooperatives; Trust Building.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 19, 2023; Revised: September 15, 2023; Accepted: November 22, 2023; Published: November 18, 2025

Citation: Al-Sabahi, T. H., & Bernstein, S. L. (2025). Evaluating Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration Frameworks: The Role of Community-Led Agro-Cooperatives in Reintegrating Former Combatants in Post-War Yemen. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(11), 91–99. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151101

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Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2025 | pp. 100–108

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151201

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Geopolitics of Transnational Supply-Chain Concessions: Assessing Sovereign Vulnerabilities in Maritime Logistics Networks

Authors: Ranil S. Jayawardene¹, Alexei V. Volkov²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; ²Department of Information Security, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Abstract:
This study investigates the structural dynamics linking foreign commercial trade network deployments, maritime deepwater asset contracts, and the incremental containment of sovereign political autonomy within fragile developing coastal states. Utilizing a political economy framework integrated with transit shipping logs and transnational financial transaction registries from 2023 to 2025, we analyze how bilateral debt leveraging alters regional security architectures. The empirical field observations indicate that the strategic conversion of unpayable infrastructure debts into long-term dry-port and harbor leases fragments local municipal administrative oversight and heightens cross-border friction. Quantitative modeling shows that coastal nations characterized by high infrastructure credit dependency face a 45% reduction in sovereign frontier tracking capacities and a marked rise in local civil demonstrations regarding traditional land access right exclusions. The study highlights the systemic failure of regional multilateral coalitions to enforce equitable financing metrics or offer independent state credit alternatives. We conclude that sustainable regional stabilization requires establishing transparent, multilateral debt-restructuring panels that prioritize local ecological preservation and community asset protections over structural foreclosure actions.

Keywords: Supply-Chain Concessions; Maritime Logistics; Debt Leveraging; Political Economy; Sovereign Autonomy; Transit Infrastructure.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 05, 2023; Revised: October 15, 2023; Accepted: December 02, 2023; Published: December 15, 2025

Citation: Jayawardene, R. S., & Volkov, A. V. (2025). The Geopolitics of Transnational Supply-Chain Concessions: Assessing Sovereign Vulnerabilities in Maritime Logistics Networks. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(12), 100–108. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151201

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Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 16, No. 1, January 2026 | pp. 1–9

DOI: 10.46882/2026/GJPCS/160101

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Architecture of Autonomous Decentralized Propaganda Architectures: Evaluating Large Language Model Vectors in Kinetic Border Conflicts

Authors: Sarah L. Bernstein¹, Alexei V. Volkov²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; ²Department of Information Security, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Abstract:
The rapid introduction of autonomous, localized large language model (LLM) agents running on decentralized hardware arrays has fundamentally modified international political information tracking networks and heightened ethno-political polarization. This paper investigates the digital infrastructure channels through which automated generative script networks manipulate public sentiment and exacerbate active border flashpoints during kinetic security military operations. Employing a cross-national quantitative digital forensics network model of approximately 1,500,000 algorithmic localized micro-narratives cataloged during recent territorial standoffs, we map out automated information operations. The empirical findings demonstrate that decentralized network configurations executing real-time synthetic media optimization disproportionately target multi-ethnic boundary enclaves, producing intense civic communication blockades. Statistical risk projections reveal that a 20% surge in localized network saturation by verifiably automated synthetic counter-narratives precedes physical border escalations by a precise 6-hour response window (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). The study marks the complete degradation of centralized civil society tracking verification mechanisms within these fragmented encryption landscapes. We conclude that addressing automated digital polarization requires rewriting transboundary legal conventions to treat systematic synthetic information waves as hostile non-kinetic structural actions.

Keywords: Autonomous Propaganda; Large Language Models; Digital Forensics; Kinetic Borders; Communication Integrity; Algorithmic Warfare.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 10, 2024; Revised: March 15, 2024; Accepted: May 22, 2024; Published: January 15, 2026

Citation: Bernstein, S. L., & Volkov, A. V. (2026). The Architecture of Autonomous Decentralized Propaganda Architectures: Evaluating Large Language Model Vectors in Kinetic Border Conflicts. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 16(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.46882/2026/GJPCS/160101

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 8, August 2025 | pp. 64–72

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150801

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Geopolitics of Sovereign Mass Interception: Assessing the Impact of Deep-Packet Inspection Architectures on Dissident Communication Integrity

Authors: Alexei V. Volkov¹, Nadia M. Al-Shari²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Information Security, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia; ²School of Computing and Informatics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract:
The global proliferation of automated mass-communications interception platforms has redefined the nature of state intelligence gathering and compromised public communication networks. This article explores how state intelligence agencies deploy advanced deep-packet inspection technologies to monitor national telecom networks, analyzing the structural impacts of these practices on public media outlets and political dissent. Using an analytical framework that combines network infrastructure routing maps with international human rights law, we analyze mass interception campaigns documented between 2023 and 2025 across multiple continents. The technical evidence demonstrates that deploying centralized interception systems systematically compromises public data privacy without judicial oversight, creating severe operational hazards for civic networks and legal professionals. Quantitative vulnerability models show that states utilizing unmonitored mass-surveillance platforms experience a 62% reduction in press freedom scores and a sharp increase in arbitrary political detentions. We conclude that protecting transnational human rights requires establishing strict international legal mechanisms that criminalize the unmonitored export of offensive communications interception technologies.

Keywords: Mass Interception; Deep-Packet Inspection; Telecom Architectures; Dissident Networks; Data Privacy; Cyber-Surveillance.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: May 12, 2023; Revised: August 20, 2023; Accepted: October 05, 2023; Published: August 15, 2025

Citation: Volkov, A. V., & Al-Shari, N. M. (2025). The Geopolitics of Sovereign Mass Interception: Assessing the Impact of Deep-Packet Inspection Architectures on Dissident Communication Integrity. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(8), 64–72. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150801

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 7, July 2025 | pp. 55–63

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150701

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Impact of Regional Counter-Insurgency Deployments on Livelihood Stability: A Comparative Analysis of MNJTF Operations in the Chad Basin

Authors: Amina J. Diallo¹, Chantal M. Biya²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; ²Department of Sociology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract:
The Multinational Joint Task Force (MNJTF) operates within an asymmetric security landscape where sub-regional forces face changing alignments of insurgent networks across the Lake Chad Basin. This paper evaluates the operational effectiveness of MNJTF's localized stabilization mandate, focusing on the structural limits of joint border versus centralized force deployments from 2022 to 2024. Drawing on field data and key informant interviews with 44 local community leaders and international aid workers, we analyze the tactical constraints limiting regional counter-insurgency operations. The findings reveal that while concentrated joint border operations protect major cross-border commercial hubs, they leave remote island communities exposed to predatory militia raids. Statistical analysis indicates that rural agrarian sectors dependent on distant static security garrisons report a 48% higher rate of forced civilian displacements following asymmetric skirmishes. The study demonstrates that a lack of harmonized communications infrastructure, combined with severe logistical supply blockades, prevents proactive patrolling beyond designated transit roads. We conclude that enhancing civilian safety requires transforming regional security frameworks to prioritize highly mobile, decentralized tactical units.

Keywords: MNJTF Operations; Chad Basin; Counter-Insurgency; Livelihood Stability; Tactical Constraints; Asymmetric Warfare.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: May 02, 2023; Revised: July 28, 2023; Accepted: September 15, 2023; Published: July 18, 2025

Citation: Diallo, A. J., & Biya, C. M. (2025). The Impact of Regional Counter-Insurgency Deployments on Livelihood Stability: A Comparative Analysis of MNJTF Operations in the Chad Basin. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(7), 55–63. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150701

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol 15, No. 6, June 2025 | pp. 46–54

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150601

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Youth Radicalization, Prison Systems as Radicalization Incubators, and the Structural Limits of Modern Penal Rehabilitation Models in North Africa

Authors: Driss Benali¹, Aigul N. Sadykova²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Center for Middle Eastern and African Studies, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco; ²Department of International Relations, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan

Abstract:
This study investigates the structural dynamics of violent extremist recruitment within carceral institutions across North Africa, evaluating the long-term efficacy of state-sponsored rehabilitation and de-radicalization initiatives. Employing a comprehensive qualitative policy review alongside detailed behavioral case profiles of 82 former detainees, we analyze how high-security prison systems function as spaces for radical ideological transmission. The empirical evidence demonstrates that overcrowding, severe administrative isolation, and abusive disciplinary practices create an environment where vulnerable, non-violent offenders are rapidly integrated into sophisticated extremist networks. Quantitative indicators establish that states relying primarily on high-security carceral containment show a 55% higher recidivism rate among former inmates compared to states integrating community-based open rehabilitation pathways. The research highlights how current counter-radicalization frameworks fail because they focus heavily on theological re-education while ignoring the structural drivers of alienation: widespread economic exclusion and systemic judicial corruption. We conclude that sustainable security sector reform requires decoupling low-risk offenders from radical inmate populations and expanding post-release employment support structures.

Keywords: Youth Radicalization; Carceral Institutions; North Africa; De-Radicalization; Security Sector Reform; Recidivism.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: April 15, 2023; Revised: July 05, 2023; Accepted: August 14, 2023; Published: June 15, 2025

Citation: Benali, D., & Sadykova, A. N. (2025). Youth Radicalization, Prison Systems as Radicalization Incubators, and the Structural Limits of Modern Penal Rehabilitation Models in North Africa. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(6), 46–54. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150601

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 5, May 2025 | pp. 37–45

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150501

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Political Economy of Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Assessing the Impact of Large-Scale Commercial Extraction on Agrarian Polarization in Post-War South Sudan

Authors: Sibusiso K. Khumalo¹, John L. Deng²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Public Law, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; ²Institute for Peace, Development and Security Studies, University of Juba, Juba, South Sudan

Abstract:
Post-conflict states frequently prioritize selling natural resource concessions to attract foreign direct investment and generate immediate tax revenues for state rebuilding projects. This paper examines the long-term socioeconomic outcomes of this development model in South Sudan, evaluating how modern commercial oil and agricultural concessions impact agrarian land tenure and local community stability. Utilizing extensive agrarian mapping software combined with localized household wealth surveys conducted between 2022 and 2024, we measure the structural shifts in rural land ownership patterns. The quantitative analysis reveals that large-scale state allocations of fertile land to international corporate syndicates have displaced substantial numbers of smallholder farmers, creating deep-seated socio-economic grievances. Our regression models establish that rural districts with high corporate land concentration show a 42% increase in localized land tenure disputes and higher relative deprivation indices. The study demonstrates that prioritizing elite-driven commercial investment without safeguarding traditional communal land rights accelerates rural-urban migration and exacerbates social polarization. We argue that sustainable post-conflict reconstruction requires establishing strict legal frameworks that protect traditional property ownership and mandate inclusive local profit-sharing.

Keywords: Political Economy; Post-Conflict Reconstruction; Resource Extraction; Land Tenure; South Sudan; Structural Inequality.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: March 12, 2023; Revised: May 28, 2023; Accepted: July 19, 2023; Published: May 20, 2025

Citation: Khumalo, S. K., & Deng, J. L. (2025). The Political Economy of Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Assessing the Impact of Large-Scale Commercial Extraction on Agrarian Polarization in Post-War South Sudan. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(5), 37–45. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150501

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 4, April 2025 | pp. 28–36

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150401

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Architecture of Transnational Light Weapons Proliferation: Tracking Illicit Distribution Supply Loops in the Amazonian Frontier Hotspots

Authors: Maria Camila Gomez¹, Marcus T. Vance²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia; ²Center for Development and Emergency Practice, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abstract:
The unchecked proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) across porous jungle boundaries remains a primary structural driver of state fragmentation and cartel violence across the Amazonian frontier. This article tracks the clandestine distribution networks through which illegal weapons shipments are introduced into localized conflict zones, tracking how these operations adapt to state border controls. Utilizing a border-tracking framework combined with seized weapons classification data collected from 2022 to 2024, we examine the logistical networks connecting international syndicates to local insurgent militias. The empirical evidence demonstrates that transnational criminal networks exploit gaps in inter-state intelligence sharing and weak frontier aerial radar security to traffic military-grade equipment. Quantitative indicators reveal that border districts where customs patrols are uncoordinated between neighboring states face a 68% higher rate of localized insurgent incursions and black-market arms accumulation. The paper highlights the failure of unilateral, militarized border shutdowns to dismantle decentralized supply networks. We conclude that curbing illicit arms proliferation requires establishing a joint, synchronized intelligence clearinghouse alongside automated weapon serialization tracing protocols.

Keywords: Arms Proliferation; SALW; Amazonian Frontier; Transnational Cartels; Border Security; Supply Networks.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 12, 2023; Revised: April 22, 2023; Accepted: June 10, 2023; Published: April 18, 2025

Citation: Gomez, M. C., & Vance, M. T. (2025). The Architecture of Transnational Light Weapons Proliferation: Tracking Illicit Distribution Supply Loops in the Amazonian Frontier Hotspots. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(4), 28–36. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150401