Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 12, December 2016 | pp. 658–666

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000095

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Youth Unemployment and Urban Radicalization: Evaluating Labor Market Volatility in Post-Conflict Coastal Enclaves

Names of Authors: Ousmane Diallo¹, Grace Adebayo²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Sociology, Université Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal; ²Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: High rates of structural youth underemployment across expanding urban centers are frequently cited as primary catalysts for civil unrest and political radicalization. This study empirically tests this relationship by examining youth labor market dynamics and subsequent protest frequencies across four sub-national coastal cities. Utilizing a cross-sectional dataset of 800 urban youths alongside regional macroeconomic performance registries from 2005 to 2015, we modeled the probability of political mobilization. The econometric findings demonstrate that long-term underemployment significantly boosts individual willingness to participate in anti-government demonstrations (R² = 0.49, p < 0.001). Further breakdown reveals that the correlation is highly accelerated among educated youth segments experiencing high levels of relative deprivation. Quantitative tracking indicates that a 5% increase in youth underemployment is associated with an average increase of 3.2 civil unrest incidents per year. The study concludes that traditional security crackdowns fail to deter political instability when root economic frustrations remain unaddressed. The paper recommends prioritizing youth entrepreneurship funding and vocational pipelines as vital instruments for national security stabilization.

Keywords: Youth Unemployment, Urban Radicalization, Labor Market Volatility, Civil Unrest, Relative Deprivation, Security Stabilization, Economic Pipelines

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 11, 2016; Revised: September 15, 2016; Accepted: October 20, 2016; Published: December 08, 2016

Citation: Diallo, O., & Adebayo, G. (2016). Youth Unemployment and Urban Radicalization: Evaluating Labor Market Volatility in Post-Conflict Coastal Enclaves. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(12), 658–666. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000095

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 11, November 2016 | pp. 649–657

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000094

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Natural Resource Abundance and Civil War: A Comparative Econometric Evaluation of Conflict Financing Mechanisms

Names of Authors: Yusuf Al-Kazi¹, Sophia Miller²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Economics, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq; ²Department of International Development, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

Abstract: Abstract: The structural relationships defining the resource curse hypothesis suggest that an over-dependence on point-source primary commodities elevates a nation’s vulnerability to civil conflict initiation. This study presents a comparative econometric analysis investigating the causal pathways linking high mineral and hydrocarbon export concentrations to sub-national insurgent mobilization. Using a longitudinal panel dataset from 65 developing nations between 1995 and 2015, we modeled interactions between resource export ratios, regulatory quality indices, and conflict occurrences. The econometric models confirm that a 10% increase in oil export dependency raises the baseline probability of internal conflict by 4.2% (p < 0.01). However, further interaction tracking reveals that this effect is entirely mediated by institutional administrative capacity. In nations with strong regulatory oversight and transparent fiscal management, resource abundance does not correlate with conflict initiation. The study demonstrates that natural resource wealth triggers conflict primarily by funding rebel groups and weakening state administrative capacity through corruption. The paper concludes that implementing international transparency frameworks is essential for preventing resource-driven conflicts.

Keywords: Resource Curse, Conflict Financing, Civil War, Econometric Evaluation, Primary Commodities, Institutional Capacity, Transparency Frameworks

Manuscript Timeline: Received: June 15, 2016; Revised: August 22, 2016; Accepted: September 18, 2016; Published: November 12, 2016

Citation: Al-Kazi, Y., & Miller, S. (2016). Natural Resource Abundance and Civil War: A Comparative Econometric Evaluation of Conflict Financing Mechanisms. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(11), 649–657. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000094

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 10, October 2016 | pp. 640–648

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000093

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Private Security Out-sourcing and State Sovereignty: Assessing Corporate Accountability in Extractives Zones

Names of Authors: Liam O'Connor¹, Musa Ibrahim²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹School of Law and Criminology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; ²Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: The expanding deployment of private military and security companies (PMSCs) within transitional environments presents a direct challenge to the state monopoly on legitimate violence. This study evaluates the domestic regulatory frameworks and judicial accountability mechanisms governing private security operations in resource-rich transitional societies. Utilizing a comparative institutional analysis across three sub-national mining corridors, we examined corporate registry data, contract performance audits, and community human rights tracking reports. The empirical analysis demonstrates that weak institutional oversight and vague statutory definitions leave host nations unable to adequately monitor corporate contractor operational excesses. Quantitative spatial mapping shows that communities situated near private-policed extractive enclaves reported a significantly higher frequency of friction incidents (Mean = 6.8 events/month) than zones relying on public law enforcement registries (Mean = 2.4 events/month), yielding p < 0.05. The study reveals that a lack of host-nation judicial jurisdiction over foreign corporate forces undermines domestic rule of law and breeds deep community distrust. The paper recommends establishing a binding international registry paired with mandatory domestic licensing standards to enforce strict legal accountability.

Keywords: Private Security, State Sovereignty, Corporate Accountability, Extractive Zones, Institutional Oversight, Rule of Law, Human Rights

Manuscript Timeline: Received: May 12, 2016; Revised: July 20, 2016; Accepted: August 14, 2016; Published: October 05, 2016

Citation: O'Connor, L., & Ibrahim, M. (2016). Private Security Out-sourcing and State Sovereignty: Assessing Corporate Accountability in Extractives Zones. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(10), 640–648. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000093

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 9, September 2016 | pp. 631–639

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000092

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Climate Volatility and Agrarian Security: Tracking Pastoralist Re-displacement in Arid Transit Corridors

Names of Authors: Kwame Boateng¹, Abdi Yusuf²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; ²Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract: Abstract: Accelerating climatic variability and resulting rangeland degradation are systematically disrupting customary nomadic migration vectors, generating intense resource competition across semiarid corridors. This study investigates the escalating structural friction between displaced pastoralists and sedentary agricultural communities over access to declining grazing ranges. Utilizing a longitudinal geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis paired with 500 rural household surveys, we mapped vegetation health indices, rainfall anomalies, and community conflict records from 2005 to 2015. The empirical models demonstrate that a 15% drop in seasonal rainfall layers below historical baselines triggers a 32% increase in violent inter-communal encounters within a 45-day window (p < 0.001). Spatial mapping shows that conflict zones are concentrating near permanent downstream river basins due to severe upland rangeland depletion. The findings show that local land privatization initiatives compromise traditional resource sharing compacts under environmental stress. The paper argues that managing these resource encounters purely as border security issues fails to address the root ecological causes. We recommend implementing multi-lateral grazing rangeland governance frameworks.

Keywords: Climate Volatility, Agrarian Security, Pastoralist Re-displacement, GIS Spatial Analysis, Resource Competition, Rangeland Governance

Manuscript Timeline: Received: April 10, 2016; Revised: June 15, 2016; Accepted: July 20, 2016; Published: September 06, 2016

Citation: Boateng, K., & Yusuf, A. (2016). Climate Volatility and Agrarian Security: Tracking Pastoralist Re-displacement in Arid Transit Corridors. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(9), 631–639. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000092

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 8, August 2016 | pp. 622–630

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000091

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Commercial Interdependence and Territorial Resiliency: Analyzing Maritime Trade Dynamics in Geopolitical Chokepoints

Names of Authors: Ling Wei¹, Astrid Lindstrom²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹School of International Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; ²Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Abstract: Abstract: The core tenets of liberal peace theory suggest that deep commercial interdependence generates structural economic penalties that deter nation-states from executing armed border incursions. This study tests this hypothesis by evaluating bilateral maritime trade volumes and coastal naval deployment frequencies across contested strategic chokepoints. Utilizing panel data regression analysis, we modeled the relationship between shipping insurance premium adjustments, commercial transit flows, and state coast guard tactical interactions from 2000 to 2015. The econometric outputs demonstrate that high mutual trade volume significantly decreases the baseline probability of conventional military escalation (Beta = -0.48, p < 0.001). However, further interaction mapping demonstrates that extreme commercial asymmetry—where one state maintains operational control over the physical maritime chokepoints—can fully neutralize this deterrent effect. The findings confirm that economic linkages only possess conflict stabilizing properties when transboundary resource dependencies are balanced symmetrically across both states. The study concludes that building multilateral maritime management compacts is necessary to insulate international commerce corridors from geopolitical rivalries.

Keywords: Commercial Interdependence, Maritime Trade, Geopolitical Chokepoints, Territorial Resiliency, Panel Data Regression, Naval Deployment

Manuscript Timeline: Received: March 20, 2016; Revised: May 18, 2016; Accepted: June 22, 2016; Published: August 14, 2016

Citation: Wei, L., & Lindstrom, A. (2016). Commercial Interdependence and Territorial Resiliency: Analyzing Maritime Trade Dynamics in Geopolitical Chokepoints. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(8), 622–630. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000091

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 7, July 2016 | pp. 613–621

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000090

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Media Polarization and Communal Escalation: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Journalism in Fragmented Polities

Names of Authors: Kenji Takahashi¹, Rajesh Kumar²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; ²Department of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Abstract: Abstract: Digital news organizations can function either as objective instruments of peace journalism or as powerful structural accelerators of ethno-religious polarization during national political crises. This study presents a comparative content analysis of crisis framing across print and algorithmic news distribution platforms in two ethnically fragmented societies. We analyzed 800 digitized media outputs published during periods of acute communal tension between 2012 and 2015 using standardized content framing matrices. Media framing was categorized into war journalism parameters (provocative, rumor-centric) and peace journalism parameters (conciliatory, verification-centric). The empirical results show a heavy reliance on sensationalist war journalism frameworks, which constitute 76% of the sampled digital content. Quantitative tracking reveals that spikes in high-intensity exclusionary online headlines correlate with a measurable increase in localized physical communal violence metrics within a 48-hour window (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). The paper concludes that corporate advertising-revenue algorithms systematically incentivize polarizing content. The study recommends establishing non-partisan digital journalism verification networks.

Keywords: Media Polarization, Communal Escalation, Digital Journalism, Content Analysis, Peace Journalism, Algorithmic Exploitation, Fragmented Polities

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 14, 2016; Revised: April 05, 2016; Accepted: May 12, 2016; Published: July 04, 2016

Citation: Takahashi, K., & Kumar, R. (2016). Media Polarization and Communal Escalation: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Journalism in Fragmented Polities. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(7), 613–621. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000090