The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Corporate Accountability for Mineral Extortion during the Cambodian Civil Conflict

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 9, September 2025 | pp. 73–81

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150901

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Corporate Accountability for Mineral Extortion during the Cambodian Civil Conflict

Authors: Kumari M. Perera¹, Ziad H. Al-Rifai²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹International Centre for Ethnic Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka; ²Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Media Studies, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

Abstract:
Transitional justice initiatives heavily prioritize documenting state human rights abuses, while routinely ignoring corporate complicity in financial crimes and illegal resource extraction during civil conflicts. This paper evaluates the structural limitations of post-conflict Cambodia's reconciliation models concerning the prosecution of commercial timber and mineral extraction networks that actively financed factional violence. Utilizing comprehensive legal archival datasets, mining concession tax records, and human rights databases from 1993 to 2024, we measure the long-term socioeconomic impacts of omitting corporate accountability from early peace agreements. The quantitative analysis reveals that industrial extraction businesses that profited from rural resources avoided financial restitution, leaving structural economic imbalances uncorrected. Our statistical models demonstrate that regions with high historical corporate resource capture report a 40% increase in localized social protests and artisanal labor disputes over resource distribution. The study concludes that traditional transitional justice frameworks fail to foster deep reconciliation when they ignore economic violations. We argue that modern democratic stability requires integrating binding corporate accountability frameworks directly into transitional justice mechanisms.

Keywords: Political Economy; Transitional Justice; Corporate Accountability; Cambodia; Mineral Extortion; Structural Inequality.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: June 10, 2023; Revised: August 20, 2023; Accepted: October 15, 2023; Published: September 12, 2025

Citation: Perera, K. M., & Al-Rifai, Z. H. (2025). The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Corporate Accountability for Mineral Extortion during the Cambodian Civil Conflict. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(9), 73–81. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/150901

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 10, October 2025 | pp. 82–90

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151001

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Sovereignty, Border Securitization, and Cross-Border Insurgency: Assessing Security Dynamics along the Horn of Africa Triangle Frontier

Authors: Amanuel T. Mengistu¹, Youssef Al-Masri²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; ²Department of Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

Abstract:
The rapid escalation of localized military insurgencies and subsequent cross-border incursions across the Mandera Triangle frontier has redefined regional border security frameworks and heightened geopolitical friction between adjacent states in the Horn of Africa. This study presents a systematic analysis of structural drivers behind cross-border militant movements and evaluates the security outcomes of unilateral state border militarization projects. Utilizing a mixed-methods research framework that combines satellite geographical surveillance data from 2022 to 2024 with key informant security interviews, we dissect frontier operational vulnerabilities. The field data demonstrates that insurgent networks exploit porous desert geography, shared ethnic marginalization, and high border-zone unemployment to establish resilient operational structures. Quantitative metrics establish that frontier regions operating without integrated, bilateral border communication matrices experience a 65% higher rate of unauthorized border skirmishes and black-market smuggling operations. The paper demonstrates that heavy-handed tactical military sweeps fail to suppress cross-border networks when they ignore rural development. We conclude that sustainable frontier stabilization requires transitioning from unilateral fortification toward bilateral customs checking frameworks and international resource sharing programs.

Keywords: Cross-Border Insurgency; Border Securitization; Mandera Triangle; Regional Friction; Tactical Vulnerabilities; Horn of Africa.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 05, 2023; Revised: September 02, 2023; Accepted: November 15, 2023; Published: October 14, 2025

Citation: Mengistu, A. T., & Al-Masri, Y. (2025). Sovereignty, Border Securitization, and Cross-Border Insurgency: Assessing Security Dynamics along the Horn of Africa Triangle Frontier. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(10), 82–90. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151001

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 11, November 2025 | pp. 91–99

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151101

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Evaluating Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration Frameworks: The Role of Community-Led Agro-Cooperatives in Reintegrating Former Combatants in Post-War Yemen

Authors: Tariq H. Al-Sabahi¹, Sarah L. Bernstein²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; ²Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Abstract:
Formal Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration (DDR) strategies frequently encounter intense friction within civil communities following long-term, identity-based armed conflicts. This paper evaluates the operational efficacy of traditional, community-led psychosocial support mechanisms compared to state-administered vocational programs in supporting former combatants in post-conflict Yemen. Utilizing a longitudinal tracking methodology, we monitored 310 former insurgent fighters across a three-year post-conflict window ending in late 2024. The quantitative metrics reveal that ex-combatants integrated into rural agricultural cooperatives featuring strong grassroots community support systems recorded a 44% lower score on clinical psychological trauma indexes than those placed in individual urban environments. Furthermore, qualitative focus group assessments show that local cooperative models are more successful at rebuilding inter-communal trust and reducing retaliatory violence because they prioritize shared economic survival over individual legal compensation. The study demonstrates that centralized state DDR kits isolate returning combatants by neglecting community-wide healing dynamics. We argue that ensuring long-term democratic stability requires formally embedding localized cooperative structures into national peace implementation frameworks.

Keywords: DDR; Yemen Stabilization; Ex-Combatants; Psychosocial Reintegration; Community Cooperatives; Trust Building.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: July 19, 2023; Revised: September 15, 2023; Accepted: November 22, 2023; Published: November 18, 2025

Citation: Al-Sabahi, T. H., & Bernstein, S. L. (2025). Evaluating Demobilization, Disarmament, and Reintegration Frameworks: The Role of Community-Led Agro-Cooperatives in Reintegrating Former Combatants in Post-War Yemen. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(11), 91–99. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151101

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 15, No. 12, December 2025 | pp. 100–108

DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151201

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Geopolitics of Transnational Supply-Chain Concessions: Assessing Sovereign Vulnerabilities in Maritime Logistics Networks

Authors: Ranil S. Jayawardene¹, Alexei V. Volkov²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; ²Department of Information Security, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Abstract:
This study investigates the structural dynamics linking foreign commercial trade network deployments, maritime deepwater asset contracts, and the incremental containment of sovereign political autonomy within fragile developing coastal states. Utilizing a political economy framework integrated with transit shipping logs and transnational financial transaction registries from 2023 to 2025, we analyze how bilateral debt leveraging alters regional security architectures. The empirical field observations indicate that the strategic conversion of unpayable infrastructure debts into long-term dry-port and harbor leases fragments local municipal administrative oversight and heightens cross-border friction. Quantitative modeling shows that coastal nations characterized by high infrastructure credit dependency face a 45% reduction in sovereign frontier tracking capacities and a marked rise in local civil demonstrations regarding traditional land access right exclusions. The study highlights the systemic failure of regional multilateral coalitions to enforce equitable financing metrics or offer independent state credit alternatives. We conclude that sustainable regional stabilization requires establishing transparent, multilateral debt-restructuring panels that prioritize local ecological preservation and community asset protections over structural foreclosure actions.

Keywords: Supply-Chain Concessions; Maritime Logistics; Debt Leveraging; Political Economy; Sovereign Autonomy; Transit Infrastructure.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 05, 2023; Revised: October 15, 2023; Accepted: December 02, 2023; Published: December 15, 2025

Citation: Jayawardene, R. S., & Volkov, A. V. (2025). The Geopolitics of Transnational Supply-Chain Concessions: Assessing Sovereign Vulnerabilities in Maritime Logistics Networks. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 15(12), 100–108. DOI: 10.46882/2025/GJPCS/151201

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 16, No. 1, January 2026 | pp. 1–9

DOI: 10.46882/2026/GJPCS/160101

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Architecture of Autonomous Decentralized Propaganda Architectures: Evaluating Large Language Model Vectors in Kinetic Border Conflicts

Authors: Sarah L. Bernstein¹, Alexei V. Volkov²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; ²Department of Information Security, Tallinn University of Technology, Tallinn, Estonia

Abstract:
The rapid introduction of autonomous, localized large language model (LLM) agents running on decentralized hardware arrays has fundamentally modified international political information tracking networks and heightened ethno-political polarization. This paper investigates the digital infrastructure channels through which automated generative script networks manipulate public sentiment and exacerbate active border flashpoints during kinetic security military operations. Employing a cross-national quantitative digital forensics network model of approximately 1,500,000 algorithmic localized micro-narratives cataloged during recent territorial standoffs, we map out automated information operations. The empirical findings demonstrate that decentralized network configurations executing real-time synthetic media optimization disproportionately target multi-ethnic boundary enclaves, producing intense civic communication blockades. Statistical risk projections reveal that a 20% surge in localized network saturation by verifiably automated synthetic counter-narratives precedes physical border escalations by a precise 6-hour response window (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). The study marks the complete degradation of centralized civil society tracking verification mechanisms within these fragmented encryption landscapes. We conclude that addressing automated digital polarization requires rewriting transboundary legal conventions to treat systematic synthetic information waves as hostile non-kinetic structural actions.

Keywords: Autonomous Propaganda; Large Language Models; Digital Forensics; Kinetic Borders; Communication Integrity; Algorithmic Warfare.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 10, 2024; Revised: March 15, 2024; Accepted: May 22, 2024; Published: January 15, 2026

Citation: Bernstein, S. L., & Volkov, A. V. (2026). The Architecture of Autonomous Decentralized Propaganda Architectures: Evaluating Large Language Model Vectors in Kinetic Border Conflicts. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 16(1), 1–9. DOI: 10.46882/2026/GJPCS/160101

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