Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 2, No. 2, February 2011 | pp. 9–17

DOI: 10.46882/2011/GJPCS/000021

Research Article

The Anatomy of Nonviolent Resistance: Assessing Tactical Innovation in the Egyptian Arab Spring

Tarek El-Masry¹

¹Department of Political Science, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt

Abstract: The operational dynamics of mass mobilization shifted dramatically with the integration of digital networks and decentralized physical tactics. This study examines the tactical innovations utilized by nonviolent resistance movements in urban Egypt during the early months of 2011. Drawing data from 1,200 geolocated protest logs, digital mobilization patterns, and participant surveys, we employ multivariate logistic regressions to evaluate what factors determine tactical success against state security forces. The empirical models show that shifting rapidly from concentrated sit-ins to decentralized flash protests increased tactical survival rates by 54% (p < 0.01). Digital platforms acted as coordination accelerators, reducing the average mobilization lead time from 14.5 hours down to 2.3 ± 0.4 hours. However, data indicates that the absence of a unified executive leadership council increased vulnerability to counter-revolutionary infiltration by 35%. The findings demonstrate that while decentralized digital networks excel at accelerating mobilization, they face structural limitations in sustaining long-term institutional transitions. The study recommends building hybrid organizational models to preserve protest agility while securing democratic reforms.

Keywords: nonviolent resistance, tactical innovation, Egypt, digital mobilization, Arab Spring, physical protest

Manuscript Timeline: Received November 05, 2010; Revised December 18, 2010; Accepted January 14, 2011; Published February 06, 2011.

Citation: El-Masry, T. (2011). The Anatomy of Nonviolent Resistance: Assessing Tactical Innovation in the Egyptian Arab Spring. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 2(2), 9–17. DOI: 10.46882/2011/GJPCS/000021

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 1, No. 1, January 2011 | pp. 1–8

DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000001

Research Article

Evaluating the Efficacy of Community-Led Mediation in Post-Conflict Rural Liberia

John K. Mensah¹, Elena Rostova²

¹Department of Peace Studies, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

²Institute for Conflict Resolution, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden

Abstract: Community-led mediation frameworks have increasingly been utilized as alternatives to formal state judiciaries in post-conflict environments. This study evaluates the efficacy of local peace committees in rural Liberia ten years after the cessation of civil hostilities. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, data were gathered from 450 households across three counties using stratified random sampling. Regression analysis indicated a significant positive correlation between local committee engagement and perceived community security (R² = 0.58, p < 0.01). Qualitative data from 32 semi-structured interviews revealed that traditional restorative justice mechanisms enjoy higher local legitimacy than formal courts, largely due to lower costs and shorter resolution times. However, the exclusion of youth and women from elder councils remains a systemic limitation. Quantitatively, disputant satisfaction rates were high at 78% ± 4.2% across 120 observed cases. The findings demonstrate that while informal mediation is highly effective for localized property and familial disputes, it requires structural reforms to guarantee gender inclusivity. The study concludes that integrating traditional dispute resolution systems with statutory legal frameworks provides a sustainable path for grassroots peacebuilding.

Keywords: community mediation, peacebuilding, restorative justice, Liberia, local legitimacy, conflict resolution

Manuscript Timeline: Received September 14, 2009; Revised November 05, 2009; Accepted December 12, 2009; Published January 02, 2010.

Citation: Mensah, J. K., & Rostova, E. (2010). Evaluating the Efficacy of Community-Led Mediation in Post-Conflict Rural Liberia. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1(1), 1–8. DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000001

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 1, No. 12, December 2010 | pp. 170–178

DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000020

Research Article

The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Land Restitution Frameworks in Colombia

Alejandra Restrepo¹

¹Faculty of Jurisprudence, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia

Abstract: Land inequality is both a primary driver of internal armed conflict and a complex challenge for post-conflict transitional justice frameworks. This study evaluates the early institutional performance of land restitution pilot programs in rural Colombia following decades of internal displacement. Utilizing data from 480 restitution claims across three distinct departments, we run multivariate linear regressions to measure institutional processing speed and claimant safety metrics. The statistical analysis demonstrates that the average time required to clear a legal claim is 14.2 ± 2.1 months, with significant bottlenecks caused by incomplete regional land registries. Crucially, successful land titling without protective security infrastructure correlated with a 19% increase in localized threats from residual paramilitary actors (p < 0.05). The findings show that legal land titling is insufficient without providing rural credit extensions and physical security guarantees to returnees. The paper concludes that land restitution must be integrated with broader rural agrarian reforms to achieve sustainable, long-term stabilization.

Keywords: political economy, land restitution, Colombia conflict, agrarian reform, institutional bottlenecks, returnee security

Manuscript Timeline: Received August 01, 2010; Revised September 24, 2010; Accepted October 28, 2010; Published December 18, 2010.

Citation: Restrepo, A. (2010). The Political Economy of Transitional Justice: Evaluating Land Restitution Frameworks in Colombia. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1(12), 170–178. DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000020

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 1, No. 11, November 2010 | pp. 161–169

DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000019

Research Article

The Youth Bulge as a Double-Edged Sword: Assessing Civic Engagement versus Radicalization in Urban Kenya

Mwangi J. Mwangi¹

¹Department of Sociology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya

Abstract: Expanding youth demographics are frequently framed exclusively as security vulnerabilities within East African conflict discourse. This study re-evaluates the youth bulge theory by exploring conditions that divert underemployed urban youth away from radicalization and toward constructive civic actions in Mombasa and Nairobi. Survey instruments were administered to 650 youth participants using a stratified spatial sampling method. Structural equation modeling indicated that while economic underemployment remains a severe risk factor, access to secular community-based youth clubs reduced vulnerability to radicalized recruiting by 54% (p < 0.001). The empirical models show that the presence of an active municipal youth budget significantly moderates the relationship between unemployment and political violence (R² change = 0.22). The data shows a mean community engagement score of 3.2 ± 0.6 among youth who regularized their participation in local governance forums. The study concludes that youth populations are not inherently violent; rather, institutional openness determines whether demographics lead to civic development or security crises.

Keywords: youth bulge, civic engagement, radicalization, urban Kenya, youth unemployment, institutional openness

Manuscript Timeline: Received July 11, 2010; Revised September 03, 2010; Accepted October 01, 2010; Published November 12, 2010.

Citation: Mwangi, M. J. (2010). The Youth Bulge as a Double-Edged Sword: Assessing Civic Engagement versus Radicalization in Urban Kenya. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1(11), 161–169. DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000019

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 1, No. 10, October 2010 | pp. 143–151

DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000017

Research Article

Elections behind Barbed Wire: Assessing Democratization and Violence Dynamics in Sri Lanka

Kalingan Ratwatte¹

¹International Centre for Ethnic Studies, Colombo, Sri Lanka

Abstract: Conducting democratic transitions quickly after major military actions can unintentionally reopen historical societal fault lines. This empirical research investigates the structural conditions under which post-conflict elections act either as stabilizers or triggers for localized political violence in northern Sri Lanka. Using district-level polling logs, demographic datasets, and security reports from 2009 to 2010, we employ multivariate logistic regressions to analyze voter intimidation patterns. The findings indicate that districts with high military troop density reported a 36% lower incidence of overt inter-party violence but a 52% higher rate of systemic voter turnout suppression (p < 0.01). The statistical variance demonstrates that structural security measures often transform physical violence into psychological coercion (mean coercion index of 3.8 ± 0.4). The paper argues that rushing competitive elections without resolving underlying minority land grievances and regional autonomy demands leads to unstable democratic outcomes. The study recommends implementing independent, internationally monitored election administration bodies before organizing post-war transitions.

Keywords: post-conflict elections, democratization, Sri Lanka, voter suppression, minority grievances, political stability

Manuscript Timeline: Received June 02, 2010; Revised July 22, 2010; Accepted August 30, 2010; Published October 08, 2010.

Citation: Ratwatte, K. (2010). Elections behind Barbed Wire: Assessing Democratization and Violence Dynamics in Sri Lanka. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1(10), 143–151. DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000017

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 1, No. 10, October 2010 | pp. 152–160

DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000018

Research Article

The Geopolitics of Energy Corridors: Securitization and Pipeline Disputes in the South Caucasus

Anahit Gevorgyan¹

¹Center for Strategic Studies, Yerevan State University, Yerevan, Armenia

Abstract: Infrastructure networks for fossil fuel transit serve as critical conduits of geopolitical influence and asymmetric structural leverage. This study evaluates the securitization profiles of major transit energy corridors crossing the South Caucasus between 2004 and 2009. By integrating satellite monitoring data of pipeline paths with dynamic interstate hostility matrices, we deploy regression parameters to estimate local vulnerability margins. The statistical outputs indicate that pipeline segments situated within 15 kilometers of contested border zones display a 47% higher probability of experiencing structural disruptions or targeted operational shutdowns (p < 0.01). Furthermore, security expenditures allocated by state syndicates to protect these routes outpaced standard infrastructural maintenance budgets by a definitive factor of 2.4 ± 0.3. Qualitative assessments point to localized communities experiencing chronic socioeconomic displacement near extraction nodes, sparking community-level grievances. The research proves that trans-regional infrastructure projects often worsen regional frozen conflicts instead of fostering cooperation. We argue for multi-party oversight bodies to separate commercial energy distribution from territorial sovereignty discords.

Keywords: energy corridors, South Caucasus, securitization, pipeline vulnerability, geopolitical leverage, structural conflict

Manuscript Timeline: Received June 14, 2010; Revised August 02, 2010; Accepted September 10, 2010; Published October 24, 2010.

Citation: Gevorgyan, A. (2010). The Geopolitics of Energy Corridors: Securitization and Pipeline Disputes in the South Caucasus. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 1(10), 152–160. DOI: 10.46882/2010/GJPCS/000018