Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 6, June 2017 | pp. 712–720

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/0000101

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Climate Variability and Pastoralist Displacement: Tracking Grazing Resource Conflicts in Semiarid Corridors

Names of Authors: Kwame Boateng¹, Linda van der Meer²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; ²Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, Netherlands

Abstract: Abstract: Accelerated climate deviations and resulting environmental degradation are rapidly reshaping resource availability, altering migratory routes and fueling localized conflicts across sub-Saharan regions. This research investigates the intensifying clashes between migratory pastoralists and sedentary farming communities within volatile semiarid sectors. Using a longitudinal spatial analysis alongside 400 household surveys, we tracked rainfall deviations, vegetation loss, and conflict hotspots over a ten-year timeline. The empirical models confirm that a 15% drop in seasonal rainfall below the long-term historical mean triggers an immediate 30% increase in farmer-herder clashes over water access and grazing land. Spatial mapping shows that conflict zones are moving tracking changing vegetation indices. The study identifies that traditional customary land-sharing arrangements are collapsing under the pressure of land privatization policies and ecological stress. The paper emphasizes that treating these disputes solely as security matters ignores root environmental drivers. We recommend implementing flexible rangeland management policies, early warning weather systems, and collaborative land-use frameworks to defuse resource competition.

Keywords: Climate Variability, Pastoralist Displacement, Grazing Resource Conflicts, Semiarid Corridors, Spatial Analysis, Environmental Degradation, Land Customary Systems

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 10, 2017; Revised: March 15, 2017; Accepted: April 22, 2017; Published: June 04, 2017

Citation: Boateng, K., & van der Meer, L. (2017). Climate Variability and Pastoralist Displacement: Tracking Grazing Resource Conflicts in Semiarid Corridors. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(6), 712–720. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/0000101

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 5, May 2017 | pp. 703–711

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/0000100

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Commercial Interdependence and Security Resiliency: Analyzing Trade Volatility Across Disputed Strategic Boundaries

Names of Authors: Ling Wei¹, Rajesh Kumar²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹School of International Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; ²Department of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Abstract: Abstract: The core framework of liberal peace theory posits that deep commercial interdependence creates powerful economic disincentives that deter state actors from executing militarized border actions. This study tests this hypothesis by evaluating bilateral trade flows and tactical confrontation frequencies across competitive transit sectors. Utilizing panel data regression analysis, we modeled the relationship between transit insurance variations, bilateral trade volumes, and state border enforcement skirmishes from 1995 to 2016. The statistical outputs demonstrate that high mutual trade volume significantly decreases the probability of conventional militarized disputes (Beta = -0.45, p < 0.001). However, further interaction tracking reveals that highly asymmetric trade relationships—where one nation depends disproportionately on the other—can actually amplify structural vulnerabilities and diplomatic tensions. The findings reveal that commercial ties only deter conflict when the costs of disruption are distributed equally across both states. The study concludes that regional trade blocks must incorporate equitable resource distribution rules to successfully function as peace stabilization mechanisms.

Keywords: Commercial Interdependence, Security Resiliency, Trade Volatility, Liberal Peace, Panel Data, Strategic Boundaries, Asymmetric Trade

Manuscript Timeline: Received: December 05, 2016; Revised: February 14, 2017; Accepted: March 19, 2017; Published: May 12, 2017

Citation: Wei, L., & Kumar, R. (2017). Commercial Interdependence and Security Resiliency: Analyzing Trade Volatility Across Disputed Strategic Boundaries. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(5), 703–711. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/0000100

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 4, April 2017 | pp. 694–702

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000099

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Media Framing and Sectarian Polarization: A Comparative Analysis of Conflict Coverage in Divided Polities

Names of Authors: Kenji Takahashi¹, Alisa Milosevic²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; ²Department of Journalism, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia

Abstract: Abstract: Mass media channels can function either as tools for peace journalism or as rapid drivers of severe sectarian polarization during deep political crises. This study presents a comparative content analysis of conflict coverage across mainstream print media outlets in two ethnically divided societies. We analyzed 800 newspaper articles published during periods of heightened political tension between 2010 and 2016 using standard content analysis software. Media framing was categorized into war journalism markers (escalation-oriented, state-centric) and peace journalism markers (de-escalation-oriented, human-centric). The empirical results show a heavy systemic reliance on sensationalized war journalism framing, which constituted 74% of the total sampled text. Quantitative tracking reveals that an increase in inflammatory editorial frames correlates with a rise in negative out-group perceptions among readers (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). The study highlights how media ownership structures and corporate survival mechanisms push journalists toward polarizing narratives to maximize readership. The paper concludes that establishing independent media regulatory oversight and widespread training in conflict-sensitive reporting are crucial for transforming media into an instrument of peace.

Keywords: Media Framing, Sectarian Polarization, Content Analysis, Peace Journalism, Divided Polities, Conflict Escalation, Responsible Reporting

Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 12, 2016; Revised: January 18, 2017; Accepted: February 20, 2017; Published: April 09, 2017

Citation: Takahashi, K., & Milosevic, A. (2017). Media Framing and Sectarian Polarization: A Comparative Analysis of Conflict Coverage in Divided Polities. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(4), 694–702. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000099

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 3, March 2017 | pp. 685–693

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000098

Article Type: Case Study

Title: Restorative Justice vs. Retributive Justice: A Case Study of Customary Accountability Courts in East Africa

Names of Authors: Emmanuel Jean-Pierre¹, Sarah K. Kaufmann²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹School of Law, National University of Rwanda, Butare, Rwanda; ²Faculty of Law, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

Abstract: Abstract: The sheer scale of domestic mass violations often overwhelms traditional formal judicial architectures, prompting the innovative implementation of community-led customary courts. This case study evaluates the restorative and retributive dynamics of localized community courts in balancing transitional accountability with grassroots community reconciliation. Field research was conducted across four sub-national sectors, utilizing direct observations of court proceedings, focus group discussions, and local archive registries. The data reveal that customary courts successfully expedited the processing of thousands of cases, a feat impossible within conventional courts. Restorative indicators showed high rates of truth disclosure and community service integration among perpetrators. However, the study identifies significant legal and psychological challenges, including a lack of formal legal representation and secondary traumatization among survivors during public testimonies. Quantitative assessments from local surveys indicate that 68% of survivors felt justice was served, though systemic anxieties regarding regional reintegration persist. This research concludes that while customary courts serve as milestone models for localized justice, their restorative benefits require ongoing mental health frameworks to prevent cyclical trauma.

Keywords: Restorative Justice, Retributive Justice, Customary Courts, East Africa, Transitional Accountability, Community Reconciliation, Mental Health Frameworks

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 14, 2016; Revised: December 15, 2016; Accepted: January 20, 2017; Published: March 05, 2017

Citation: Jean-Pierre, E., & Kaufmann, S. K. (2017). Restorative Justice vs. Retributive Justice: A Case Study of Customary Accountability Courts in East Africa. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(3), 685–693. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000098

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 2, February 2017 | pp. 676–684

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000097

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: The Geopolitics of Energy Infrastructure: Analyzing Pipeline Diplomacy and Gas Pricing Disputes in Divided Polities

Names of Authors: Viktor Kovac¹, Anna Kowalski²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of International Relations, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; ²Institute of Political Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland

Abstract: Abstract: The strategic reliance of consumer states on external natural gas supplies has increasingly transformed energy infrastructure corridors into critical levers of geopolitical influence. This research examines the structural mechanisms of pipeline diplomacy and the geopolitical fallout of transit pricing disputes within complex transnational networks. Using game-theoretic strategic modeling, maritime export tracking data, and regional energy policy declarations from 2005 to 2016, we analyzed state behavior during supply interruptions. The empirical models confirm that asymmetrical dependency on a single energy exporter increases state vulnerability to diplomatic coercion by 55% during winter heating seasons. The study indicates that transit infrastructure vulnerabilities create strong structural incentives for state suppliers to pursue alternative, bypass transit routes. The findings demonstrate that regional energy integration and reverse-flow pipeline capabilities significantly decrease the success rate of geopolitical coercion attempts (Beta = -0.38, p < 0.01). The paper concludes that establishing a unified regional energy procurement framework is essential for insulating economic networks from regional security vulnerabilities.

Keywords: Energy Infrastructure, Pipeline Diplomacy, Gas Pricing, Geopolitical Coercion, Transit Vulnerability, Strategic Modeling, Supply Interruptions

Manuscript Timeline: Received: September 02, 2016; Revised: November 11, 2016; Accepted: December 14, 2016; Published: February 18, 2017

Citation: Kovac, V., & Kowalski, A. (2017). The Geopolitics of Energy Infrastructure: Analyzing Pipeline Diplomacy and Gas Pricing Disputes in Divided Polities. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(2), 676–684. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000097

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2017 | pp. 667–675

DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000096

Article Type: Policy Analysis Paper

Title: Enhancing Border Security Architectures: Evaluating Regional Intelligence Sharing in Transnational Conflict Zones

Names of Authors: Musa Ibrahim¹, Camille Laurent²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; ²Center for International Security and Arms Control, Sciences Po Lyon, Lyon, France

Abstract: Abstract: The porous borders defining regional transit basins have long been exploited by transnational insurgent networks and illicit weapons traffickers, destabilizing multiple contiguous states. This policy analysis evaluates the strategic performance and institutional blockages within regional multi-national task force security architectures. By analyzing border raid registries, counter-terrorism briefs, and regional intelligence-sharing protocols from 2010 to 2016, we examine the structural barriers to coordinated border management. The policy assessment indicates that deep-seated historical mistrust and fragmented communication systems leave national military units operating in isolation during border crises. Quantitative tracking reveals that uncoordinated border interdiction attempts have a minimal 14% success rate in intercepting illicit supply lines. The analysis highlights critical structural gaps, including incompatible radio telecommunication equipment, asymmetric threat perceptions, and a lack of standardized human rights compliance guidelines. This paper recommends creating an integrated regional intelligence hub backed by real-time satellite surveillance sharing and joint border patrol units to neutralize asymmetric insurgent cross-border movements.

Keywords: Border Security, Intelligence Sharing, Insurgent Networks, Policy Analysis, Regional Interdiction, Tactical Communication, Security Architecture

Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 01, 2016; Revised: October 10, 2016; Accepted: November 15, 2016; Published: January 05, 2017

Citation: Ibrahim, M., & Laurent, C. (2017). Enhancing Border Security Architectures: Evaluating Regional Intelligence Sharing in Transnational Conflict Zones. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 8(1), 667–675. DOI: 10.46882/2017/GJPCS/000096