Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 6, June 2018 | pp. 820–828

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/090601

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Resource Scarcity, Climate Adaptation, and Communal Violence in the Sahel: A Comparative Study of Pastoralist-Farmer Conflicts

Authors: Amina J. Diallo¹, Marcus T. Vance², Siddharth K. Nair³

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali; ²Center for Development and Emergency Practice, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom; ³School of Global Studies, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden

Abstract:
This paper examines the escalating communal violence between pastoralist herders and sedentary farmers in the Sahel region, focusing on the intersection of climate change and resource scarcity. Driven by a depletion of arable land and unpredictable rainfall patterns, resource competition has shifted from historical cooperation to protracted violent conflict. Utilizing a comparative case study framework across four border regions in Mali and Niger, we analyze local conflict resolution mechanisms alongside empirical environmental data collected between 2015 and 2017. Our findings indicate a high statistical correlation (r = 0.74) between rapid seasonal vegetative degradation and the frequency of lethal skirmishes. Traditional mediation frameworks are failing due to the proliferation of small arms and the politicization of ethnic identities. Furthermore, statutory land tenure policies frequently marginalize nomadic routes, exacerbating grievances. The study demonstrates that climate adaptation interventions that exclude traditional pastoral leadership yield a 40% higher recurrence of local disputes. We conclude that sustainable peacebuilding in the Sahel requires a hybrid governance approach, legally recognizing transhumance pathways while integrating ecological resource sharing into national security frameworks.

Keywords: Climate Security; Resource Scarcity; Pastoralist-Farmer Conflict; Sahel Region; Conflict Resolution; Land Tenure.

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 12, 2018; Revised: April 15, 2018; Accepted: May 03, 2018; Published: June 15, 2018

Citation: Diallo, A. J., Vance, M. T., & Nair, S. K. (2018). Resource Scarcity, Climate Adaptation, and Communal Violence in the Sahel: A Comparative Study of Pastoralist-Farmer Conflicts. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(6), 820–828. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/090601

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2018 | pp. 811–819

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000112

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Gender Inclusivity and Professionalization: Tracking Female Integration in Post-Conflict Security Formations

Names of Authors: Siti Nurhaliza¹, Grace Adebayo²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of International Relations, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; ²Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: The formal incorporation of female personnel within national security architectures is a primary metric of contemporary institutional democratization initiatives in post-conflict settings. This study examines the structural barriers and organizational retention dynamics governing female law enforcement officers within reconstructed national police architectures. Utilizing a multi-stage career profiling format, we gathered quantitative career-pathway data from 550 female security officers alongside 20 institutional focus group sessions. The statistical findings reveal a high structural attrition rate among female officers, driven primarily by systemic promotion path exclusion and widespread organizational marginalization (Mean Retention Score = 2.4 ± 0.5 on a 5-point scale). Correlation matrices show that the presence of targeted gender-sensitive structural mentoring protocols has a strong positive relationship with long-term institutional tenure durability (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). The empirical evidence demonstrates that top-down gender recruitment quotas fail to diversify security enforcement bodies unless matched with independent external accountability mechanisms to address structural discrimination.

Keywords: Gender Inclusivity, Security Sector Reform, Police Professionalization, Female Retention, Career Telemetry, Organizational Barriers

Manuscript Timeline: Received: December 10, 2017; Revised: February 14, 2018; Accepted: March 20, 2018; Published: May 24, 2018

Citation: Nurhaliza, S., & Adebayo, G. (2018). Gender Inclusivity and Professionalization: Tracking Female Integration in Post-Conflict Security Formations. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(5), 811–819. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000112

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 4, April 2018 | pp. 802–810

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000111

Article Type: Policy Analysis Paper

Title: Illicit Small Arms Trajectories: Evaluating Regulatory Blindspots in Inter-State Freight Verification Compacts

Names of Authors: Stefan Lindqvist¹, Musa Ibrahim²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ²Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: The diversion of authorized state weapon transportations into illicit sub-national distribution channels represents a major operational gap in international security coordination frameworks. This policy analysis evaluates the strategic enforcement performance and institutional blockages within contemporary trans-regional end-user certificate verification regimes. By analyzing global firearm tracking registries, cargo seizure files, and regional customs intelligence sharing protocols from 2010 to 2017, we evaluate structural tracking vulnerabilities across key maritime and overland transport vectors. The policy assessment demonstrates that fragmented international database interoperability enables illicit brokerage networks to execute fraudulent certificate revisions with minimal detection risk. Quantitative regression tracking reveals that implementing mandatory real-time digital container marking systems decreases successful illegal weapon conversions by 38% (Beta = -0.45, p < 0.001). The analysis identifies a critical lack of standardized judicial penalties across contiguous transit states, which systematically compromises regional interdiction initiatives. The paper recommends establishing a binding trans-regional tracking compact supported by automated ballistic profile networks.

Keywords: Small Arms Trajectories, Freight Verification, Policy Analysis, Weapon Diversion, Database Interoperability, Regional Interdiction

Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 15, 2017; Revised: January 18, 2018; Accepted: February 22, 2018; Published: April 19, 2018

Citation: Lindqvist, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2018). Illicit Small Arms Trajectories: Evaluating Regulatory Blindspots in Inter-State Freight Verification Compacts. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(4), 802–810. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000111

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 3, March 2018 | pp. 793–801

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000110

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Environmental Scarcity and Asymmetric Insurgency: Analyzing Sub-National Hydro-Politics in Shared River Basins

Names of Authors: Amina El-Sayed¹, Linda van der Meer²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; ²Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, Netherlands

Abstract: Abstract: The intersections between climate-induced water degradation, sub-national hydro-politics, and insurgent resource mobilization present a primary risk to regional stability. This study evaluates how structural asymmetries in water infrastructure control alter the tactical leverage of non-state armed groups across volatile semiarid river basins. Utilizing a longitudinal geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis paired with 400 rural household surveys, we tracked reservoir levels, irrigation distribution data, and insurgent tactical launch locations from 2006 to 2017. The empirical models confirm that a 20% contraction in state-managed downstream water allocations triggers a corresponding 45% increase in local enlistment rates within active sub-national insurgent cells (p < 0.01). Spatial data show that armed non-state factions exploit community water grievances to systematically embed parallel taxation networks across agrarian territories. The regression models indicate that institutional water mismanagement accounts for 51% of the variance in anti-state mobilization metrics (R² = 0.51). The study concludes that traditional militarized resource protection frameworks fail to deter insurgent expansion unless decoupled from discriminatory infrastructure allocation practices.

Keywords: Hydro-politics, Environmental Scarcity, Asymmetric Insurgency, Shared River Basins, GIS Spatial Analysis, Water Allocation, Insurgent Enlistment

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 11, 2017; Revised: December 14, 2017; Accepted: January 20, 2018; Published: March 06, 2018

Citation: El-Sayed, A., & van der Meer, L. (2018). Environmental Scarcity and Asymmetric Insurgency: Analyzing Sub-National Hydro-Politics in Shared River Basins. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(3), 793–801. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000110

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 2, February 2018 | pp. 784–792

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000109

Article Type: Review Paper

Title: The Durability of Transitional Justice: A Systematic Synthesis of Institutional Reparation Policies

Names of Authors: Thabo Mbeki Smith¹, Fatima Al-Zahra²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; ²Faculty of Law, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract: Abstract: The structural implementation of monetary restitution frameworks is frequently prioritized within transitional justice schemes to address historical institutional mass abuses. This review paper critically re-examines the long-term community outcomes of individual cash reparations by synthesizing empirical evaluation studies and policy tracking documents published between 2005 and 2017. By analyzing structural data patterns across 35 post-conflict jurisdictions, we evaluate the comparative durability of individual financial payouts versus community-wide structural investments. The analytical synthesis demonstrates that isolated individual financial settlements fail to generate sustainable livelihood security, often producing localized hyper-inflation spikes in marginalized post-conflict enclaves. Statistical cross-tabulations show that community-nested structural interventions—such as subsidized cooperative medical and educational centers—correlate with a 34% higher baseline communal reconciliation score compared to individual cash distribution frameworks. The paper highlights a critical design flaw within contemporary transitional models: the systematic omission of landless agrarian minority populations from formal compensation registries. The review concludes by detailing an integrated communal restitution matrix to guide future transitional public policy design.

Keywords: Transitional Justice, Institutional Reparations, Systematic Synthesis, Individual Payouts, Communal Restitution, Livelihood Security, Post-Conflict Policy

Manuscript Timeline: Received: September 02, 2017; Revised: November 15, 2017; Accepted: December 19, 2017; Published: February 14, 2018

Citation: Smith, T. M., & Al-Zahra, F. (2018). The Durability of Transitional Justice: A Systematic Synthesis of Institutional Reparation Policies. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(2), 784–792. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000109

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 9, No. 1, January 2018 | pp. 775–783

DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000108

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Digital Sovereignty and Electoral Integrity: Assessing Cyber Interferences in Post-Conflict Transitions

Names of Authors: Alistair Vance¹, Elena Voronina²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Center for Cyber Security Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States; ²Department of Public International Law, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Abstract: Abstract: The strategic implementation of synchronized digital manipulation campaigns has transformed modern electoral tracking systems into critical state stability vulnerabilities. This research evaluates the structural mechanics of state-sponsored informational sabotage targeting municipal administrative voting infrastructure during periods of domestic political transition. Utilizing a computational content analysis framework, we scraped and classified over 750,000 region-specific political micro-blog posts alongside technical digital network telemetry records from recent competitive cycles. The empirical findings confirm that spikes in coordinated bot-driven polarization frames correlate directly with a subsequent 42% decrease in public trust metrics regarding municipal government institutions (Beta = -0.49, p < 0.001). Time-series models demonstrate that digital infrastructure disruptions are systematically deployed to amplify pre-existing societal ethnic cleavages during delicate voting timelines. The study concludes that standard decentralized technological defensive parameters fail to isolate state administrative communication networks from sophisticated state-level digital resources. The paper recommends establishing a centralized trans-national cyber monitoring agencies backed by real-time automated verification protocols to protect fragile democratic processes.

Keywords: Digital Sovereignty, Electoral Integrity, Cyber Interference, Informational Sabotage, Public Trust, Telemetry Analysis, Fragile Democracies

Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 14, 2017; Revised: October 20, 2017; Accepted: November 22, 2017; Published: January 11, 2018

Citation: Vance, A., & Voronina, E. (2018). Digital Sovereignty and Electoral Integrity: Assessing Cyber Interferences in Post-Conflict Transitions. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 9(1), 775–783. DOI: 10.46882/2018/GJPCS/0000108