GJPCS | Table of Contents

Table of Contents 2016

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 6, June 2016 | pp. 604–612

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000089

Article Type: Case Study

Title: Restorative Jurisprudence and Urban Demobilization: A Case Study of Localized Arbitration Councils in Colombia

Names of Authors: Juan Carlos Restrepo¹, Sophia Miller²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Rural Development, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; ²Department of International Development, London School of Economics, London, United Kingdom

Abstract: Abstract: The execution of large-scale national disarmament compacts frequently produces complex operational challenges when applied to decentralized urban militia factions operating within marginalized neighborhood sectors. This case study evaluates the restorative and retributive mechanics of neighborhood-level localized arbitration councils tasked with facilitating ex-combatant integration across three metropolitan peripheries. Field research combined direct observations of arbitration council sessions, localized recidivism registries, and structured surveys with 450 neighborhood residents. The collected data confirm that community-led restorative mechanisms successfully handled less severe offenses, bypassing logistically crippled state courts. Restorative metrics showed high rates of structured community service execution and localized truth-telling among former combatants. Local survey tracking indicates that 72% of village residents valued the spiritual healing of customary processes, though anxieties regarding official national compensation registries persist. This research concludes that transitional justice models must systematically link customary mechanisms with state-level prosecutions to ensure comprehensive stability.

Keywords: Restorative Jurisprudence, Urban Demobilization, Localized Arbitration, Colombia, Militia Reintegration, Revenge Violence Prevention

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 15, 2016; Revised: March 22, 2016; Accepted: April 18, 2016; Published: June 08, 2016

Citation: Restrepo, J. C., & Miller, S. (2016). Restorative Jurisprudence and Urban Demobilization: A Case Study of Localized Arbitration Councils in Colombia. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(6), 604–612. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000089

[Read More]

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 5, May 2016 | pp. 595–603

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000088

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Gender Inclusivity and Post-Conflict Security Sector Reform: Assessing Female Retention in National Police Units

Names of Authors: Siti Nurhaliza¹, Grace Adebayo²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of International Relations, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; ²Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: The formal incorporation of female personnel within national security architectures is a primary metric of contemporary institutional democratization initiatives in post-conflict settings. This study examines the structural barriers and organizational retention dynamics governing female law enforcement officers within reconstructed national police architectures. Utilizing a multi-stage cluster sampling design, we gathered quantitative career-pathway telemetry data from 550 female security officers alongside 20 institutional focus group sessions. The statistical findings reveal a high structural attrition rate among female officers, driven primarily by systemic promotion path exclusion and widespread organizational marginalization (Mean Retention Score = 2.4 ± 0.5 on a 5-point scale). Correlation matrices show that the presence of targeted gender-sensitive structural mentoring protocols has a strong positive relationship with long-term institutional tenure durability (r = 0.62, p < 0.01). The empirical evidence demonstrates that top-down gender recruitment quotas fail to diversify security enforcement bodies unless matched with independent external accountability mechanisms to address structural discrimination.

Keywords: Security Sector Reform, Gender Inclusivity, Female Attrition, Police Professionalization, Institutional Democratization, Career-Pathway Telemetry

Manuscript Timeline: Received: December 10, 2015; Revised: February 14, 2016; Accepted: March 20, 2016; Published: May 24, 2016

Citation: Nurhaliza, S., & Adebayo, G. (2016). Gender Inclusivity and Post-Conflict Security Sector Reform: Assessing Female Retention in National Police Units. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(5), 595–603. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000088

[Read More]

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 4, April 2016 | pp. 586–594

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000087

Article Type: Policy Analysis Paper

Title: Transnational Small Arms Proliferation: Evaluating the Efficacy of End-User Verification Architectures

Names of Authors: Stefan Lindqvist¹, Musa Ibrahim²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Peace and Conflict Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; ²Department of Political Science, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria

Abstract: Abstract: The diversion of authorized state weapon transportations into illicit sub-national distribution channels represents a major operational gap in international security coordination frameworks. This policy analysis evaluates the strategic enforcement performance and institutional blockages within contemporary trans-regional end-user certificate verification regimes. By analyzing global firearm tracking registries, cargo seizure files, and regional customs intelligence sharing protocols from 2010 to 2015, we evaluate structural tracking vulnerabilities across key maritime and overland transport vectors. The policy assessment demonstrates that fragmented international database interoperability enables illicit brokerage networks to execute fraudulent certificate revisions with minimal detection risk. Quantitative regression tracking reveals that implementing mandatory real-time digital container marking systems decreases successful illegal weapon conversions by 38% (Beta = -0.45, p < 0.001). The analysis identifies a critical lack of standardized judicial penalties across contiguous transit states, which systematically compromises regional interdiction initiatives. The paper recommends establishing a binding trans-regional tracking compact supported by automated ballistic profile networks.

Keywords: Small Arms Proliferation, End-User Verification, Policy Analysis, Illicit Weapon Diversion, Customs Interoperability, Ballistic Profiling

Manuscript Timeline: Received: November 15, 2015; Revised: January 18, 2016; Accepted: February 22, 2016; Published: April 19, 2016

Citation: Lindqvist, S., & Ibrahim, M. (2016). Transnational Small Arms Proliferation: Evaluating the Efficacy of End-User Verification Architectures. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(4), 586–594. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000087

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol 7, No. 5, May 2016 | pp. 595–603

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000088

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Gender Inclusivity and Post-Conflict Security Sector Reform: Assessing Female Retention in National Police Units

Names of Authors: Siti Nurhaliza¹, Grace Adebayo²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of International Relations, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines; ²Department of Economics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria

Keywords: Security Sector Reform, Gender Inclusivity, Female Attrition, Police Professionalization, Institutional Democratization, Career-Pathway Telemetry

Manuscript Timeline: Received: December 10, 2015; Revised: February 14, 2016; Accepted: March 20, 2016; Published: May 24, 2016

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 6, June 2016 | pp. 604–612

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000089

Article Type: Case Study

Title: Restorative Jurisprudence and Urban Demobilization: A Case Study of Localized Arbitration Councils in Colombia

Names of Authors: Juan Carlos Restrepo¹, Sophia Miller²

Abstract: Abstract: The execution of large-scale national disarmament compacts frequently produces complex operational challenges when applied to decentralized urban militia factions operating within marginalized neighborhood sectors. This case study evaluates the restorative and retributive mechanics of neighborhood-level localized arbitration councils tasked with facilitating ex-combatant integration across three metropolitan peripheries. Field research combined direct observations of arbitration council sessions, localized recidivism registries, and structured surveys with 450 neighborhood residents. The collected data confirm that community-led restorative mechanisms succeeded in reducing localized revenge violence by 40% compared to centralized state-administered courts, which suffered from severe operational backlogs (p < 0.01). Restorative tracking metrics show high rates of structured community service execution and localized truth telling among former combatants. However, the study identifies significant institutional friction regarding the handling of cross-border micro-trafficking offenses, which remain outside localized customary legal mandates. This research concludes that urban demobilization models must coordinate with national judicial oversight registries to sustain long-term pacification stability.

Keywords: Restorative Jurisprudence, Urban Demobilization, Localized Arbitration, Colombia, Militia Reintegration, Revenge Violence Prevention

Manuscript Timeline: Received: January 15, 2016; Revised: March 22, 2016; Accepted: April 18, 2016; Published: June 08, 2016

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 7, July 2016 | pp. 613–621

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000090

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Media Polarization and Communal Escalation: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Journalism in Fragmented Polities

Names of Authors: Kenji Takahashi¹, Rajesh Kumar²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Graduate School of Media and Governance, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; ²Department of Economics, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India

Abstract: Abstract: Digital news organizations can function either as objective instruments of peace journalism or as powerful structural accelerators of ethno-religious polarization during national political crises. This study presents a comparative content analysis of crisis framing across print and algorithmic news distribution platforms in two ethnically fragmented societies. We analyzed 800 digitized media outputs published during periods of acute communal tension between 2012 and 2015 using standardized content framing matrices. Media framing was categorized into war journalism parameters (provocative, rumor-centric) and peace journalism parameters (conciliatory, verification-centric). The empirical results show a heavy reliance on sensationalist war journalism frameworks, which constitute 76% of the sampled digital content. Quantitative tracking reveals that spikes in high-intensity exclusionary online headlines correlate with a measurable increase in localized physical communal violence metrics within a 48-hour window (r = 0.64, p < 0.01). The paper concludes that corporate advertising-revenue algorithms systematically incentivize polarizing content. The study recommends establishing non-partisan digital journalism verification networks.

Keywords: Media Polarization, Communal Escalation, Digital Journalism, Content Analysis, Peace Journalism, Algorithmic Exploitation, Fragmented Polities

Manuscript Timeline: Received: February 14, 2016; Revised: April 05, 2016; Accepted: May 12, 2016; Published: July 04, 2016

Citation: Takahashi, K., & Kumar, R. (2016). Media Polarization and Communal Escalation: A Comparative Analysis of Digital Journalism in Fragmented Polities. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(7), 613–621. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000090

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 8, August 2016 | pp. 622–630

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000091

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Commercial Interdependence and Territorial Resiliency: Analyzing Maritime Trade Dynamics in Geopolitical Chokepoints

Names of Authors: Ling Wei¹, Astrid Lindstrom²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹School of International Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China; ²Department of Political Science, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Abstract: Abstract: The core tenets of liberal peace theory suggest that deep commercial interdependence generates structural economic penalties that deter nation-states from executing armed border incursions. This study tests this hypothesis by evaluating bilateral maritime trade volumes and coastal naval deployment frequencies across contested strategic chokepoints. Utilizing panel data regression analysis, we modeled the relationship between shipping insurance premium adjustments, commercial transit flows, and state coast guard tactical interactions from 2000 to 2015. The econometric outputs demonstrate that high mutual trade volume significantly decreases the baseline probability of conventional military escalation (Beta = -0.48, p < 0.001). However, further interaction mapping demonstrates that extreme commercial asymmetry—where one state maintains operational control over the physical maritime chokepoints—can fully neutralize this deterrent effect. The findings confirm that economic linkages only possess conflict stabilizing properties when transboundary resource dependencies are balanced symmetrically across both states. The study concludes that building multilateral maritime management compacts is necessary to insulate international commerce corridors from geopolitical rivalries.

Keywords: Commercial Interdependence, Maritime Trade, Geopolitical Chokepoints, Territorial Resiliency, Panel Data Regression, Naval Deployment

Manuscript Timeline: Received: March 20, 2016; Revised: May 18, 2016; Accepted: June 22, 2016; Published: August 14, 2016

Citation: Wei, L., & Lindstrom, A. (2016). Commercial Interdependence and Territorial Resiliency: Analyzing Maritime Trade Dynamics in Geopolitical Chokepoints. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(8), 622–630. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000091

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 9, September 2016 | pp. 631–639

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000092

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Climate Volatility and Agrarian Security: Tracking Pastoralist Re-displacement in Arid Transit Corridors

Names of Authors: Kwame Boateng¹, Abdi Yusuf²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Geography, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya; ²Institute for Peace and Security Studies, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Abstract: Abstract: Accelerating climatic variability and resulting rangeland degradation are systematically disrupting customary nomadic migration vectors, generating intense resource competition across semiarid corridors. This study investigates the escalating structural friction between displaced pastoralists and sedentary agricultural communities over access to declining grazing ranges. Utilizing a longitudinal geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis paired with 500 rural household surveys, we mapped vegetation health indices, rainfall anomalies, and community conflict records from 2005 to 2015. The empirical models demonstrate that a 15% drop in seasonal rainfall layers below historical baselines triggers a 32% increase in violent inter-communal encounters within a 45-day window (p < 0.001). Spatial mapping shows that conflict zones are concentrating near permanent downstream river basins due to severe upland rangeland depletion. The findings show that local land privatization initiatives compromise traditional resource sharing compacts under environmental stress. The paper argues that managing these resource encounters purely as border security issues fails to address the root ecological causes. We recommend implementing multi-lateral grazing rangeland governance frameworks.

Keywords: Climate Volatility, Agrarian Security, Pastoralist Re-displacement, GIS Spatial Analysis, Resource Competition, Rangeland Governance

Manuscript Timeline: Received: April 10, 2016; Revised: June 15, 2016; Accepted: July 20, 2016; Published: September 06, 2016

Citation: Boateng, K., & Yusuf, A. (2016). Climate Volatility and Agrarian Security: Tracking Pastoralist Re-displacement in Arid Transit Corridors. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(9), 631–639. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000092

[Read More]

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 3, March 2016 | pp. 577–585

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000086

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Environmental Scarcity and Asymmetric Insurgency: Analyzing Hydro-Politics in Contested Semiarid Basins

Names of Authors: Amina El-Sayed¹, Linda van der Meer²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Political Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; ²Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Hague, Netherlands

Abstract: Abstract: The intersections between climate-induced water degradation, sub-national hydro-politics, and insurgent resource mobilization present a primary risk to regional stability. This study evaluates how structural asymmetries in water infrastructure control alter the tactical leverage of non-state armed groups across volatile semiarid river basins. Utilizing a longitudinal geographic information system (GIS) spatial analysis paired with 400 rural household surveys, we tracked reservoir levels, irrigation distribution data, and insurgent tactical launch locations from 2005 to 2015. The empirical models confirm that a 20% contraction in state-managed downstream water allocations triggers a corresponding 45% increase in local enlistment rates within active sub-national insurgent cells (p < 0.01). Spatial data show that armed non-state factions exploit community water grievances to systematically embed parallel taxation networks across agrarian territories. The regression models indicate that institutional water mismanagement accounts for 51% of the variance in anti-state mobilization metrics (R² = 0.51). The study concludes that traditional militarized resource protection frameworks fail to deter insurgent expansion unless decoupled from discriminatory infrastructure allocation practices.

Keywords: Hydro-politics, Environmental Scarcity, Asymmetric Insurgency, Water Infrastructure, GIS Spatial Analysis, Insurgent Mobilization

Manuscript Timeline: Received: October 11, 2015; Revised: December 14, 2015; Accepted: January 20, 2016; Published: March 06, 2016

Citation: El-Sayed, A., & van der Meer, L. (2016). Environmental Scarcity and Asymmetric Insurgency: Analyzing Hydro-Politics in Contested Semiarid Basins. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(3), 577–585. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000086

[Read More]

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 2, February 2016 | pp. 568–576

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000085

Article Type: Review Paper

Title: The Paradox of Transitional Reparations: A Systematic Review of Post-Conflict Socio-Economic Restructuring

Names of Authors: Thabo Mbeki Smith¹, Fatima Al-Zahra²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Department of Sociology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; ²Faculty of Law, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan

Abstract: Abstract: The structural implementation of monetary restitution frameworks is frequently prioritized within transitional justice schemes to address historical institutional mass abuses. This review paper critically re-examines the long-term community outcomes of individual cash reparations by synthesizing empirical evaluation studies and policy tracking documents published between 2002 and 2015. By analyzing structural data patterns across 35 post-conflict jurisdictions, we evaluate the comparative durability of individual financial payouts versus community-wide structural investments. The analytical synthesis demonstrates that isolated individual financial settlements fail to generate sustainable livelihood security, often producing localized hyper-inflation spikes in marginalized post-conflict enclaves. Statistical cross-tabulations show that community-nested structural interventions—such as subsidized cooperative medical and educational centers—correlate with a 34% higher baseline communal reconciliation score compared to individual cash distribution frameworks. The paper highlights a critical design flaw within contemporary transitional models: the systematic omission of landless agrarian minority populations from formal compensation registries. The review concludes by detailing an integrated communal restitution matrix to guide future transitional public policy design.

Keywords: Transitional Reparations, Socio-Economic Restructuring, Transitional Justice, Individual Cash Payouts, Communal Reconciliation, Livelihood Security

Manuscript Timeline: Received: September 02, 2015; Revised: November 15, 2015; Accepted: December 19, 2015; Published: February 14, 2016

Citation: Smith, T. M., & Al-Zahra, F. (2016). The Paradox of Transitional Reparations: A Systematic Review of Post-Conflict Socio-Economic Restructuring. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(2), 568–576. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000085

[Read More]

Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies | Vol. 7, No. 1, January 2016 | pp. 559–567

DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000084

Article Type: Original Research Paper

Title: Digital Geopolitics and State Fragility: Analyzing Informational Sabotage in Asymmetric Conflict Arenas

Names of Authors: Alistair Vance¹, Elena Voronina²

Authors’ Affiliations: ¹Center for Cyber Security Studies, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States; ²Department of Public International Law, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia

Abstract: Abstract: The strategic implementation of synchronized digital manipulation campaigns has transformed modern defensive communication parameters into critical state stability vulnerabilities. This research evaluates the structural mechanics of state-sponsored informational sabotage targeting municipal administrative institutions during periods of domestic political transition. Utilizing a computational content analysis framework, we scraped and classified over 750,000 region-specific political micro-blog posts alongside technical digital network telemetry records. The empirical findings confirm that spikes in coordinated bot-driven polarization frames correlate directly with a subsequent 42% decrease in public trust metrics regarding municipal government institutions (Beta = -0.49, p < 0.001). Time-series models demonstrate that digital infrastructure disruptions are systematically deployed to amplify pre-existing societal ethnic cleavages during competitive election cycles. The study concludes that standard decentralized technological defensive parameters fail to isolate state administrative communication networks from sophisticated state-level resources. The paper recommends establishing centralized trans-national cyber monitoring agencies backed by real-time automated deep-fake detection protocols to protect fragile democratic processes.

Keywords: Informational Sabotage, State Fragility, Digital Geopolitics, Public Trust, Asymmetric Conflict, Telemetry Analysis, Polarization Pipelines

Manuscript Timeline: Received: August 14, 2015; Revised: October 20, 2015; Accepted: November 22, 2015; Published: January 11, 2016

Citation: Vance, A., & Voronina, E. (2016). Digital Geopolitics and State Fragility: Analyzing Informational Sabotage in Asymmetric Conflict Arenas. Global Journal of Peace and Conflict Studies, 7(1), 555–567. DOI: 10.46882/2016/GJPCS/000084

[Read More]