International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Polysaccharides from Portulaca oleracea (purslane) supplementation lowers acute exercise induced oxidative stress in young rats

Lou Xiaojuan¹*, Huang Yong², Guo Xueqi¹, Zheng Fanhui³, Jiang Zhihong⁴ and Yang Yong ping¹

¹Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR, China.

²Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR. China.

³Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai 200030, PR, China.

⁴Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, PR, China.

Accepted 21 March, 2016

Abstract

The present study was designed to determine the effects of polysaccharides from purslane (PFP) supplementation on acute exercise induced oxidative stress in young male Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were divided randomly into four groups, that is control group (C), low-dose PFP supplemented group (LP), middle-dose PFP supplemented group (MP) and high-dose PFP supplemented group (HP). Each group contains eight animals. The mice in the control group were orally administered physiological saline of 50 ml/kg bodyweight per day for 30 days, while the PFP supplemented group received the same volume of PFP of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bodyweight. On the final day of the study, rats were exercised to exhaustion (22 m/min at 10% inclination on the treadmill) and then all the rats were sacrificed. Body weight, running time, blood lactate, malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) of rats were measured. Results of the above study showed that PFP supplementation could elevate the exercise tolerance and inhibited the production of blood lactate during acute exercise. PFP supplementation lowers exercise induced oxidative stress by means of decreasing SOD, GPX activities and MDA level in skeletal muscle of young rats.

Key words: Polysaccharides from purslane, acute exercise, oxidative stress, rats.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (11), pp. 001-005, November, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Protective effects of rosiglitazone on the endothelial cells in a rabbit iliac artery balloon injury model

Ding Shi-fang*, Cao Xuan-chao, Gong Zhi-gang, Chen Zhi-nan, Jiang Ju-quan, Li Zhi-gang, Fu Wen-bo, Lu Qing and Wang Ren-xue

Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Region, No. 627 Road Wuluo, Wuhan 430070, China.

Accepted 17 March, 2016

Abstract

To investigate the protective effects of rosiglitazone on the endothelial cells in a rabbit iliac artery balloon injury, thirty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (hypercholesterol diet), balloon injury group (hypercholesterol diet plus balloon endothelial denudation) and rosiglitazone group (balloon endothelial denudation plus hypercholesterol diet and rosiglitazone). Rabbits were fed for eight weeks, and balloon endothelial denudation was performed. Rosiglitazone was administrated at a dose of 0.5 mg·kg ^-1·d^-1 from three days before surgery, and lasted for 4 weeks. Four weeks later, blood was collected and serum lipids, glucose, hs-CRP, NO, NOS and ET-1 levels were measured. Then, local iliac arteries were obtained for morphological examination and immunohistochemistry for PCNA and apoptosis. When compared with balloon injury group, the levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, ET-1 were significantly decreased in the rosiglitazone group. Morphological examination showed the intimal area (IA), medial area (MA) and intimal proliferation index in rosiglitazone group were significantly lower than those in the balloon injury group. The PCNA expression was markedly decreased and the apoptosis rate significantly increased in rosiglitazone group when compared with the balloon injury group. Rosiglitazone could exert protective effects on the endothelial cells after balloon injury in which the lipid- lowering, inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of endothelial cells, and compromised NOS activity and secretion of NO and ET-1 played important roles.

Key words: Rosiglitazone, apoptosis, nitric oxide synthase, endothelin, rabbit.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anabolic steroids impact in self-efficacy of basketball and football adolescents players

Antonio J. Monroy Antón¹* and Gema Sáez Rodriguez²

¹Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Av. Filipinas, 16, Bajo B, 28003, Madrid, Spain.

²Universidad de Alcalá, Madrid, C/Bellver, 1, Bajo B, 28039, Madrid, Spain.

Accepted 28 January, 2016

Abstract

The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of anabolic steroids on the self-efficacy of basketball and football adolescent players. In order to discover that, a survey has been conducted in Madrid, Spain, with a sample of 216 football and basketball players (60.19% males and 39.81% females) with a mean age of 16.2. The questionnaire had five simple questions, and the results show that even without having used steroids, the players rated very high the possible impact they would have on their performance (confidence to play better against the opposite team 7.3, confidence to contribute positively to the team victory 7.0), even higher than an appropriate technical or physical training. These results suggest that, anabolic steroids are an important problem among adolescents, and educational programs to increase the knowledge of anabolic steroids are needed for this age group that is in clear risk. Information should come not only from the government and media, but also from coaches, teachers, trainers and parents.

Key words: Anabolic steroids, football, basketball, self-confidence, adolescent.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-003, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

An ethnobotanical survey of herbal male contraceptives used in south-west Nigeria

Iyabo Mobolawa Adebisi¹ and Shaibu Oricha Bello²*

¹Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacology, College of Health Sciences, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria.

Accepted 16 February, 2016

Abstract

This survey was carried out in targeted areas of south-western Nigeria to ascertain the patronage of traditional healers for non orthodox contraceptives by males and to take an inventory of plants used for such purposes. Males in south-western Nigeria rarely but do consult traditional healers for herbal contraceptives. The common methods of application include oral decoction, dried powder applied to skin incisions and as rings soaked in herbs and worn on the fingers. The plants Aframonium melegueta and Carica papaya were the most widely used herbs as male contraceptives.

Key words: Herbal, ethnobotanical, male contraceptives, survey, Nigeria.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 001-008, September, 2016. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity from basidiocarp extracts of the edible mushroom Lactarius indigo (Schw.) Fr. (Russulaceae)

Alejandra Ochoa-Zarzosa¹, Ma. Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas², Virginia A. Robinson-Fuentes² and Gerardo Vázquez-Marrufo¹*

¹Centro Multidisciplinario de Estudios en Biotecnología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia.

²División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas y Biológicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.

Accepted 18 February, 2016

Abstract

Aqueous and organic basidiocarp extracts of the edible mushroom Lactarius indigo were evaluated for their antibacterial and cytotoxic effects. 10, 20 and 30 mg of organic extracts were tested against diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains (EIEC, EPEC, ETEC-LT and ETEC-ST), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica. 10 mg of hexane extract showed activity against ETEC-LT (18.8 mm zone of inhibition) and P. aeruginosa (10.5 mm). All levels of the ethyl acetate extract inhibited all the strains, with stronger activity against EIEC (19.0 mm) and P. aeruginosa (21.0 mm) at 30 mg. Methanol extract inhibited all bacterial growth, but E. cloacae. 100 µg/ml of aqueous extract showed antiproliferative activity against MCF7 cells, but not on HeLa, A549 and normal bovine mammary epithelium cells. Methanol and ethyl acetate extracts inhibited proliferation of HeLa cells (50 to 1000 ng/ml) but increased proliferation of A549 (100 ng/ml), as did methanol extract (500 ng/ml). Methanol extract did not inhibit normal rabbit serum fibroblast cells, while hexane and ethyl acetate extracts showed an inhibitory effect with 50 and 100 ng/ml, respectively, less than in proliferation of HeLa cells. These results show that L. indigo basidiocarps contain substances with antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.

Key words: Lactarius indigo extracts, antibacterial activity, cytotoxic activity.