ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Impact of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza on root anatomy in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum
Jeff H. Taylor*, Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields
Department of Biology Slippery Rock University Slippery Rock, PA 16057 U.S.A.
Accepted 06 November, 2019
Abstract
The absorption of water and nutrient ions from the soil solution is among the primary roles of roots. To reach the xylem for axial transport, the water and minerals must circumvent the exodermis and (or) endodermis, both of which act as barriers to radial apoplastic diffusion. To do this, the water and minerals must enter the symplast of cells located outside of the outermost apoplastic barrier. Mycorrhiza are known to impact root anatomy and ion uptake, but their effect on those cells where symplastic entry must occur is not known. To examine their impact, the surface area of those living cells apoplastically exposed to the soil solution in Zea mays and Lycopersicon esculentum was examined. For each species, plants inoculated with vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza and uninoculated plants were examined. The average cell size and number of cells located outside the endodermis (L. esculentum) or exodermis (Z. mays) was assessed by microscopic observation and the appropriate calculations were performed. The absorptive surface area of L. esculentum was not significantly different between inoculated (161 cm2/cm root length) and uninoculated (163 cm2/ cm root length) plants. However, there was a statistically significant difference between Z. mays inoculated (average 37 cm2 /cm root length) and uninoculated (average 11 cm2/cm root length). How this may impact ion uptake pathways is discussed.
Key words: Mycorrhiza, Lycopersicon esculentum, Zea mays, ion uptake potential.
Adrianne Waltenbaugh and Michelle Shields, Jeff H. Taylor*
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Short Communication
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Use of formalin and modified gravity-feed embalming technique in veterinary anatomy dissection and practicals
Itopa E. Ajayi1, James C. Shawulu1, Abdurrahman Ghaji1, Gabriel K. Omeiza² and Okwoche J. Ode³
1Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
²Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
³Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Nigeria.
Accepted 02 September, 2019
Abstract
Gravity feed embalming technique was used to preserve cadavers for teaching of gross anatomy and practicals. Six white Fulani cattle were used. The gravity feed technique was employed to embalm through the right common carotid artery. The right external jugular vein was used to drain blood from the vascular system concurrently. Complete embalming was achieved in about 10 h using an embalming fluid constituted of a combination of 10% formalin, phenol and glycerine. The technique demonstrated cost efficiency and reliability as there was minimal tissue and organ distortion.
Key words: Gravity-feed technique, embalming, formalin, veterinary anatomy dissection.
Abdurrahman Ghaji, Gabriel K. Omeiza and Okwoche J. Ode, Itopa E. Ajayi, James C. Shawulu
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) usage to enhance male sexual performance in Ogbomoso metropolis
Oyekunle Olanrewaju Akinloye1* and Raji Yinusa2
1Department of Physiology, College of Health Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 11 October, 2019
Abstract
This work is aimed at comparing availability, affordability, patronage and adverse effects of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) with orthodox medicines [such as SILDENAFIL CITRATE (Viagra)] as remedy for enhancing sexual performance in Ogbomoso metropolis, Nigeria. 530 adult men were interviewed at random across the city with a structured open- and close-ended questionnaire. The information obtained include demographic status, experience of sexual dysfunction, choice of remedy and reasons, sources of remedies, efficacy and accompanying side effects of the of the chosen remedy. There were 420 (79.24%) CAM users, 38 (7.18%) Orthodox remedy users and 72 (13.58%) neither use herbal nor orthodox remedy to enhance sexual performance all with mean age of 32±2.4 years. The data obtained indicated a significant patronage of CAM as remedy for male sexual dysfunction. Also significant percentage (P<0.05) of orthodox remedy users indicated unpleasant experience when compared with CAM users. The use of CAM is quite common among sexually active men in Ogbomoso metropolis and usage is independent of socio-economic status. Research efforts should be geared towards finding natural products with aphrodisiac potentials, readily available, affordable and with little or no side effect.
Key word: Sexual dysfunction, alternative medicine, Sildenafil citrate, herbal products, complications, Ogbomoso.
Raji Yinusa, Oyekunle Olanrewaju Akinloye*
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among Nigeria women in tight fitting underwears: The need for counseling and health education
U. P. Akpan1, C. E. Ekpenyong1*, J. E. Ibu2 and J. O. Ibu3
1Department of Physiology, College of Health Science, University of Uyo, Uyo. Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.
2National Youth Service Secretariat Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria.
3Department of Physiology. Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Benue State University, Benue State, Nigeria.
Accepted 12 October, 2019
Abstract
This cross sectional study aimed at investigating the effect of tight fitting underwears on the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis among non-pregnant women between aged 16 to 35 years. The study took place in seven health institutions between January and July 2009 in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. About 191(76.4%) of the 250 participants who were selected by sequential randomization met the inclusion criteria. Structured questionnaire were used to assess their regular patterns of dressing for the past one year and associated gynaecologic problems. Vaginal smear/swabs were taken from each participant for microscopy and culture. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 13, using chi square (χ2) test to compare the differences between the effects of various parameters about the incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Values of P<0.01 were considered statistically significant. A high incidence of vulvovaginal candidiasis (76.8%) with its associated symptoms were observed among women who regularly wore nylon tight and other synthetic pants than those who regularly wore cotton tight/cotton underwear/pants(42.9%). It can be concluded that women who predominantly wear nylon tight and other synthetic underwear/pants are at a higher risk of vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Key words: Gynaecologic problems, nylon tight pants, synthetic pants, Nigeria, vulvovaginal candidiasis.
C. E. Ekpenyong*, J. E. Ibu and J. O. Ibu, U. P. Akpan
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of Acalypha monostachya Cav. (Euphorbiales: Euphorbiaceae)
M. Canales1*, T. Hernández1, M. A. Rodriguez-Monroy2, C. M. Flores3, M. Jiménez-Estrada4, L. B. Hernández3, A. Durán 1, M. Hernández-Moreno1, N. A. Trejo1, A. B. Hernández1, J. J. Ramírez1, J. Orozco1, M. G. Eleno1 and K. E. Martínez1
1Laboratorio de Farmacognosia, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México.
2Carrera de Medicina Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México
3Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, UBIPRO Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Iztacala UNAM, Tlalnepantla, Edo, Méx, México.
4Instituto de Química, UNAM, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán D.F., México.
Accepted 12 May, 2019
Abstract
Acalypha monostachya (Euphorbiaceae) is used by the inhabitants of San Rafael and Zapotitlan Salinas, Puebla, Mexico, to alleviate illnesses of bacterial and fungal origin. We analyzed the antimicrobial activity of A. monostachya and some of its chemical features. The extracts were obtained by percolation. The antibacterial and antifungal activities were examined through the disc-diffusion method. The general toxicity was carried out by using Artemia salina. The quenching of free radicals by extracts was evaluated by the decolouration of a methanol solution of DPPH·. Total phenols were determined by Folin Ciocalteu reagent. Gram-positive and negative bacteria were sensitive to methanol and hexane extracts. The methanol extract had a bactericidal effect on Vibrio cholera Tor (MIC = 1000 µg/mL). The fungi strain most sensitive to this extract was T. mentagrophytes (LC50 = 430 µg/mL). The methanol extract showed inhibition of DPPH· radical (SC50 = 3.45 µg/ml), 43.4% of total phenolics and was toxic against A. salina (LC50 = 4.5 µg/mL). The methanol extract showed a variety of phenolic compounds, while hexane extract showed different fatty acids methyl ester. The bacterial, antifungal, antioxidant activities and a qualitative chemical characterization of A. monostachya’s extracts are reported here for the first time.
Key words: Acalypha monostachya, antimicrobial activity, medicinal plants, chemical characterization, plant extracts analysis.
L. B. Hernández, M. G. Eleno, J. J. RamÃrez, M. Jiménez-Estrada, N. A. Trejo, C. M. Flores, M. A. Rodriguez-Monroy, A. Durán, M. Canales*, A. B. Hernández, J. Orozco, T. Hernández, M. Hernández-Moreno
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 8 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Phytochemicals screening and antimicrobial activities of selected medicinal plants of Khyberpakhtunkhwa Pakistan
Iqbal Hussain1*, Moneeb Ur Rehman Khattak1, Riaz ullah1,3, Zia Muhammad1, Naeem Khan1, Farhat Ali Khan2, Zahoor Ullah3 and Sajjad Haider3
1Department of Chemistry, Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat-26000, Pakistan.
2Department of Pharmacy Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology Peshawar-25000, Pakistan.
3Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Aarbia.
Accepted 24 May, 2019
Abstract
The study was carried out to assess the phytochemical and antimicrobial bioassay of five medicinal plants, Lepidium sativum, Nerium oleander, Ranunculus repens, Tecoma stans and Urtica dioca. These plants are traditionally used as medicine in the Northwest Pakistan, therefore it is necessary to identify and estimate their alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, phenol and tannin contents. Phytochemical inveigation of plant samples determines that alkaloid (63.6%) and flavonoid (0.91%) were highest in N. oleander, saponin (11%) and phenol (0.031) in T. stans, tannin (0.61%) in L. sativum, All five species showed no significant antimicrobial activities.
Key words: Medicinal plants, phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial activities
Iqbal Hussain*, Zahoor Ullah and Sajjad Haider, Naeem Khan, Farhat Ali Khan, Riaz ullah, Moneeb Ur Rehman Khattak, Zia Muhammad
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