International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of atorvastatin on aldosterone induced myocardial fibrosis in a rat model and its potential mechanism

Li-kun Ma*, Li-feng He, Bing-yu Zhang and Jing-sheng Hua

Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei 230001, China.

Accepted 28 February, 2017

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of atorvastatin on aldosterone induced myocardial fibrosis in rat model and its potential mechanism. Forty male rats underwent right nephrectomy, and then, were given free access to 1% NaCl for 4 weeks. During this period, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; vehicle group (CON group: Subcutaneous injection of saline); aldosterone treated group (ALD group: Aldosterone 18 g*d^-1 subcutaneously); spironolactone plus aldosterone treated group (SPI+ALD group: Aldosterone 18 g*d ^-1 subcutaneously plus spironolactone 20 mg*kg^-1*d^-1 intravenously); atorvastatin plus aldosterone treated group (ATO+ALD group: Aldosterone 18 g.d-1 subcutaneously plus Atorvastatin 50 mg*kg^-1*d^-1 intravenously). Blood pressure was measured through catheterization. Myocardial collagen volume fraction (CVF) and perivascular collagen area (PVCA) were analyzed by Sirius-Red staining. The expressions of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-A, PDGF- B), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR- , PDGFR- ), ectodermal dysplasia-1 (ED-1) and myocardial osteopontin were determined. Mean arterial blood pressure in rats receiving drug treatment was markedly elevated compared with the CON group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). Rats in ALD group had pronounced myocardial fibrosis and dramatically increased CVF and PVCA when compared with the other three groups. There were no significant differences between SPI+ALD group and ATO+ALD group in the CVF and PVCA. The expressions of PDGF-A, PDGF -B, PDGFR - , ED -1 and OPN in the ALD group were markedly higher than in the other three groups (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and no significant difference was observed between SPI+ALD group and ATO+ALD group in the expressions of PDGF- A, PDGF-B, PDGFR- and OPN. But the ATO+ALD group had lower ED-1 expression than SPI+ALD (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the PDGFR- expression among four groups. Atorvastatin may attenuate myocardial fibrosis, induced by aldosterone, in which the reduced macrophage infiltration and alleviated expressions of inflammatory cytokines, and platelet-derived growth factors and their receptors play critical roles.

Key words: Atorvastatin, aldosterone, myocardial fibrosis, platelet-derived growth factor.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Recovery of spermatogenesis by Allium cepa in Toxoplasma gondii infected rats

Arash Khaki¹, Laya Farzadi¹, Shahin Ahmadi^1*, Elham Ghadamkheir², Amir afshin Khaki³, Saedeh shojaee⁴ and Reza Sahizadeh¹

¹Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.

²Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran.

³Department of Anatomical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences,NPMC, Tabriz, Iran.

⁴Department of Parasitology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 15 January, 2017

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that is globally widespread and infects man and animals; we investigated effect of Allium cepa on sperm parameters, testestrone level in male rats experimentally infected by toxoplasma. Wistar male rats (n=40) were allocated into four groups, control group (n=10) and T₁ group that received tachyzoites of T. gondii (IP) (n=10), and T₂ group that received tachyzoites of T. gondii (IP), plus fresh onion juice 1 cc per rat daily by gavages method (n=10), and group of onion juice which received fresh onion juice 1 cc per rat daily by gavages method (n=10). Animals were kept in standard condition. In 30 day after inducing toxoplasma, 5 cc blood was collected for testosterone and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels; testes tissues of rat in whole groups were removed and then prepared for analysis. Serum total testosterones and sperm parameters were significantly decreased in groups that were infected with T. gondii, in comparison to control and onions groups. Testes weights in toxoplasma group significantly decreased in comparison to control group (P<0.05). Since in our study, T. gondii have significant effect on sperm parameters and serum total testosterones, and since fresh onion juice was used to treat this harmful effect, it is suggested that eating of onion is useful in infected man.

Key words: Allium cepa, testes, testosterone, Toxoplasma gondii.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (7), pp. 001-004, July, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of biochemical findings in mice exposed to thiamphenicol treatment

Adnan Adil Hismiogullari¹*, Sahver Ege Hismiogullari², Ozlem Yavuz¹, Dinc Essiz³, and Khalid Rahman⁴

¹Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey.

²Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Balikesir University, Balikesir, Turkey.

³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey.

⁴School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.

Accepted 07 April, 2017

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate the acute and subacute dose and the dose regime of thiamphenicol-induced changes in serum biochemical parameters in mice. Thiamphenicol was given to the trial groups at a dosage of 100 mg/kg bw (group 2) and 200 mg/kg bw (group 3) in drinking water for 7 days. Blood samples were collected from all animals on days 1, 3, 7 and 14 of the study. Serum concentrations of urea, creatinin, triglyceride and total protein as well as serum activities of hepatotoxicity markers as ALT, AST, LDH and ALP were measured spectrophotometrically. The results obtained in this study show that oral administration of thiamphenicol in mice does not show biochemical alterations.

Key words: Antibiotic, biochemical parameters, hepatotoxicity, mice, thiamphenicol.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-009, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Apoptotic and necrotic effects of carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine complex on HeLa cells

Murat Uluğ¹, Mustafa Türk¹*, Serpil Oğuztüzün¹, Yusuf Menemen¹ and Gülten Kahraman²

¹Department of Biology, Faculty of Science-art, Kirikkale University, 71450 Yahşihan, Kirikkale, Turkey.

²Turkish Atomic Energy Authority, Sarayköy Nuclear Research Center, Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 17 January, 2016

Abstract

The effects of quercetin (Q), carboxylated quercetin (CQ) and carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine (CQ/PEI) complex on HeLa cell cultures were investigated. Firstly, carboxylated quercetin was acquired through hydroxyl groups of quercetin, using chloroacetic acid. The complex of CQ/PEI was acquired by electron cooperation path over polietilenimine amine groups and quercetin carboxyl groups. CQ and CQ/PEI obtained were characterised by FTIR and ¹H–NMR methods. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes were obtained by immunocytochemical staining with the M30 antibodies and double staining and double staining, respectively. It was determined that quercetin caused lower rates of necrosis and apoptosis on HeLa cells by itself, but CQ/PEI complex resulted in high levels. As a result, it was observed that transition of quercetin to HeLa via binding it to polyethylenimine increased its anticarcinogenic effects.

Key words: Quercetin, HeLa, cancer, apoptosis, necrosis, cytotoxicity.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Investigations on DNA protective and antioxidant potential of chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of Koelreuteria paniculata Laxm.

Manish Kumar¹, Subodh Kumar² and Satwinderjeet Kaur¹*

¹Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

²Department of Chemistry, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar-143005, Punjab, India.

Accepted 17 March, 2017

Abstract

Reactive oxygen (ROS) species have been known as a contributory factor in the etiology of cancer and various neurodegenerative diseases. ROS are produced as a result of normal metabolic processes occurring in the human body. Therapy using free radical scavengers have the potential to prevent, delay many disorders. The crude extracts and natural pure compounds from plants are reported to have antioxidant activity. Keeping this in mind, the chloroform fraction (KCF) and ethyl acetate fraction (KEA fraction) isolated from leaves of Koelreuteria paniculata (Sapindaceae) was investigated for its genoprotective potential against the DNA damage induced by Fenton’s reagent in pUC18 plasmid DNA. Further, the fractions were examined for their superoxide anion radical scavenging, 2, 2- Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging and reducing power potential. The fractions significantly protected the DNA damage induced by the hydroxyl radicals generated by Fenton’s reagent. The KCF and KEA fractions scavenged the superoxide anions by 19.59% (EC₅₀ = N.D) and 67.12% (EC₅₀ 167.59 µg/ml) respectively, DPPH radicals by 79.96% (EC₅₀ 121.98 µg/ml) and 86.04% (EC₅₀ 105 µg/ml) respectively; ABTS cation radicals by 87.63% (EC₅₀ 75.48) and 94.3% (EC₅₀ 62.12) respectively and showed reducing potential of 95.27% (EC₅₀ 60.94 µg/ml) and 80.03% (EC₅₀ 72.70 µg/ml) respectively.

Key words: Reactive oxygen species, Fenton’s reagent, genoprotective potential, DNA damage.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of anti-tumor activity of water-soluble polysaccharides from Dendrobium denneanum

Yijun Fan and Aoxue Luo*

Chengdu Campus of Sichuan Agriculture University, Chengdu, PR, China.

Accepted 07 October, 2016

Abstract

Three water-soluble polysaccharides (DDP1-1, DDP2-1 and DDP3-1) were obtained from the aqueous extracts of the stems of Dendrobium denneanum by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, and fractionated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The main structure characterizations and anti-tumor activities of three fractions were evaluated in this paper. The results showed DDP1-1 with 12.50 mg/kg could significant inhibit the increment of the tumor, increase immune index of S180 mice, and also strongly promote the secretion of IL-2, TNF- and IFN- . Therefore, results of these studies demonstrated the polysaccharide DDP1-1 has strong anti-tumor and immunomodulation abilities.

Key words: Immunomodulating, Dendrobium denneanum, polysaccharide, anti-tumor.