International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of cyclomontanin D

Rajiv Dahiya¹* and Hemendra Gautam²

¹Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Globus College of Pharmacy, Bhojpur Road, Bhopal 462 045, Madhya Pradesh, India.

²Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, NRI Institute of Pharmacy, Raisen Road, Bhopal 462 021, Madhya Pradesh, India.

Accepted 25 March, 2017

Abstract

In present study, it was of interest to synthesize a natural proline-rich cyclooligopeptide - cyclomontanin D 8 by coupling of tripeptide Boc-L-Asn(bzh)-L-Pro-Gly-OH and tetrapeptide L-Leu-L-Pro-L-Tyr-L-Ala-OMe followed by cyclization of linear polypeptide fragment. Structure of synthesized cyclopeptide was confirmed by detailed spectral analysis including FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, ESIMS/MS and elemental analysis. From the results of biological evaluation, it was concluded that newly synthesized cyclooligopeptide possessed good bioactivity against Gram-negative bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa as well as potent antidermatophyte activity against Microsporum audouinii and Trichophyton mentagrophytes, in comparison to reference drugs - ciprofloxacin and griseofulvin. Moreover, 8 exhibited moderate antifungal activity against pathogenic Candida albicans with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6 mg/ml.

Key words: Annona montana, cyclomontanin D, cyclic heptapeptide, peptide synthesis, antibacterial activity, antidermatophyte activity.

Key words: Herbal extracts, burn, hypertrophic scar.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of chronic lead acetate exposure on bone marrow lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rats

Nagaraja Haleagrahara¹*, Srikumar Chakravarthi², Anupama Bangra Kulur³ and Ammu Radhakrishnan²

¹Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.

²Pathology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia.

³Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University College, Petaling Jaya, Kuala Lumpur, 46200, Malaysia.

Accepted 21 June, 2017

Abstract

Occupational and environmental exposure of lead (Pb) is a serious health problem in developing and industrialized countries around the world. Toxic effect of lead is closely related to its accumulation in important tissues after its absorption into the blood. Present study looked into the effect of lead toxicity on bone marrow oxidative biomarkers in Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were divided into four groups and in three experimental groups, they were given lead acetate in drinking water for 21 days in three different doses (200, 400 and 600 ppm). Effect of lead acetate on bone marrow lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes were examined. Lead exposure for 21 days resulted in a significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid hydroperoxides and protein carbonyl contents of bone marrow and there was significant decrease (P<0.05) in bone marrow total antioxidants and superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase enzyme levels. More significant increase (P<0.05) in lipid peroxidation and a decrease in antioxidant enzymes level were recorded with 600 ppm dose of lead. There was also a significant level of perturbations (P<0.05) in bone marrow antioxidant enzyme levels with low level of lead exposure for 21 days. Thus, the study confirms that exposure to lead will result in significant amount of toxic effect in the bone marrow, resulting in increased lipid peroxidation and depletion of antioxidant enzymes.

Key words: Lead acetate, Lead toxicity, oxidative stress, bone marrow, lipid peroxidation.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A fast and simple HPLC-UV method for simultaneous determination of three anti-cancer agents in plasma of breast cancer patients and its application to clinical pharmacokinetics

Mahmood Ahmad¹, Muhammad Usman¹*, Asadullah Madni¹, M. Zubair¹, Qamar-uz-Zaman¹, M. Saleem Qureshi¹, Abubakar Munir¹, Mahtab Ahmad¹ and Arshad Mahmood²

¹Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan.

²Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS Institute, Abbottabad (KPK), Pakistan.

Accepted 25 March, 2017

Abstract

A rapid, sensitive and reproducible high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated in plasma for simultaneous quantification of 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin and cyclophosphamide (FAC) which are being prescribed in cancer chemotherapy. Isocratic RP-HPLC system (Agilent technologies USA) with C₁₈ column (4.6 mm × 250 mm i.d., 5 µ particle size) and a detector UV-VWD was employed. The mobile phase of 0.05 M disodium hydrogen phosphate and acetonitrile (65:35 v/v) containing 0.5 mL/L triethylamine (pH 3.7) was pumped at 0.650 mL/min. UV detection of FAC was set at 266, 254 and 198 nm, respectively. Total run time was 15 min and retention times for 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide and adriamycin were 4.1, 7.7 and 10.9 min, respectively. Parameters of validation (LOD, LOQ, Linearity, accuracy, precision and sensitivity) were established. The method provides specific quantification for FAC with high resolution. A simple, reproducible and inexpensive HPLC method was developed and applied for pharmacokinetic evaluation in breast cancer patients.

Key words: Simultaneous, 5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, HPLC.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-005, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of endurance training on exhaustive exercise-induced oxidative stress markers

Serkan Revan¹* and Ali Emre Erol²

¹Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports, Selçuk University, Aleaddin Keykubat Campus, Konya, Turkey.

²Department of Physical Education and Sports, School of Physical Education and Sports, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.

Accepted 15 April, 2017

Abstract

This study was aimed to investigate the effects of endurance training on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme levels in young adults. Twenty four male students participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two groups as training group (n=12) and control group (n=12). Subjects in the training groups performed running exercise 25 to 60 min/day, three days/week for eight weeks at an intensity of 50 to 70% of target heart rate. Blood samples collected at rest and after exhaustive exercise before and after 8 weeks, were analyzed for the determination of plasma lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) level, and activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LOOH level in the training group significantly decreased after the post-training period (p<0.05), but did not alter in the control group (p>0.05). LDH activities significantly increased both control and training groups after the exhaustive exercise (p<0.05). LDH activity was found significantly higher in control group than training group both at rest and after exhaustive exercise (p<0.05). GPx was not significantly altered by training and exhaustive exercise in both groups (p>0.05). In the training group, exhaustive exercise significantly increased CAT level after training period (p<0.05). Consequently, it can be said that endurance training is effective in prevention of lipid peroxidation caused by exhaustive exercise.

Key words: Endurance training, oxidative stress, antioxidant.

International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2017. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antihyperglycemic and antioxidant activity of Viscum album extract

Mohammad Esmaiel shahaboddin¹, Mahdi Pouramir²*, Ali -Akbar Moghadamnia³, Mostafa Lakzaei⁴, Seyyed Mehdi Mirhashemi¹ and Mitra Motallebi¹

¹Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, I. R. Iran.

²Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

³Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

⁴Department of Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.

Accepted 28 March, 2017

Abstract

The antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects of water extract of local Viscum album in alloxanized-rats were investigated. This study performed during 2009 in Babol University of medical sciences (Mazandaran Province, Iran). V. album leaves growing on oaks collected and extracted with hot water. The 90 animals that were used in this investigation were male Wistar rats. 60 rats were gavaged with 500 and 1000 mg/kg/day of V. album extract. One hour after final feeding, freshly prepared alloxan injected subcutaneously. Then blood glucose level was measured according to glucose oxidase method. The antioxidant activity of serum was determined by FRAP assay and serum insulin level was measured with ELISA. The administration of V. album extract (500 and 1000 mg/kg/day) significantly reduced the increase in serum glucose concentration in alloxan-hyperglycemic rats. Both the extracts from V. album enhance the serum insulin level as compared to control rats. Serum antioxidant activity in low dose of extract was significantly higher at 48 and 72 h after alloxan injection. Serum antioxidant activity in the high dose was significantly higher at 24, 48 and 72 h. This study demonstrated that V. album extract reduced the blood glucose and increases the antioxidant power of alloxanized-rats. Much more work is clearly needed before phytotherapy for diabetes can be advanced to the clinic.

Key words: Viscum album, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, alloxan.