ISSN 2326-7275
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant activities of phenolic components from various plants of Desmodium species
Jen-Chieh Tsai1, Guan-Jhong Huang2, Tai-Hui Chiu1, Shyh-Shyun Huang2, Shun-Chieh Huang1, Tai-Hung Huang1, Shang-Chih Lai3 and Chao-Ying Lee1*
1School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
2Graduate Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
3Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, College of Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
Accepted 10 April, 2017
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant activities and phenolic components of the crude extracts of 10 Desmodium species from Taiwan. In this study, DPPH free radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical monocation scavenging activity, ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and reducing power of the 10 Desmodium species were evaluated for their antioxidant activities. The results showed that, of all the samples, Desmodium sequax was the most active in ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and reducing power assays. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid and total flavonol contents of the crude extract were calculated. The correlation coefficient (R2) values of TEAC with phenolic compounds indicated strong positive correlations, except for total flavonoid content. Furthermore, HPLC chromatographic fingerprints were established, and chlorogenic acid and vitexin in D. sequax were quantified. Chlorogenic acid was confirmed to express strong antioxidant activities in ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and reducing power assays. The present study indicated the antioxidant activities of the 10 Desmodium species were related to their phenolic components. D. sequax is a potent antioxidant medicinal plant, and chlorogenic acid may be an important factor in the antioxidant activity of this plant.
Key words: Desmodium, antioxidant activity, chlorogenic acid, vitexin.
Shyh-Shyun Huang, Shang-Chih Lai and Chao-Ying Lee*, Shun-Chieh Huang, Tai-Hung Huang, Tai-Hui Chiu, Guan-Jhong Huang, Jen-Chieh Tsai
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Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (2), pp. 001-009, February, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Preventive effect of Rhododendron arboreum on cardiac markers, lipid peroxides and antioxidants in normal and isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis in rats
Manjunatha P. Mudagal*, Sandip Karia and Divakar Goli
Department of Pharmacology, Acharya and B. M. Reddy College of Pharmacy, Soladevanahalli, Chikkabanavara Post, Bangalore- 560090, Karnataka, India.
Accepted 21 April, 2017
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the preventive effect of ethanolic extract of Rhododendron arboretum (ERA) against isoproterenol-induced myocardial ischemia in rat myocardium. Wister rats were pretreated with ERA (100, 250, 500 mg kg-1) orally for 42 days and then intoxicated with isoproterenol (ISO, 150mg/kg body weight, s.c. for 2 days). MI induced in rats by subcutaneous injection of ISO-(150 mg/kg body weight) at interval of 24 h for 2 days showed significant elevation in serum cardiac marker enzymes like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) . Lipid peroxidative product like lipid hydroperoxidase was elevated in tissue and serum, decline in enzymatic antioxidant status (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) and non-enzymatic reduced glutathione antioxidants. Pretreatment with ERA to ISO-treated rats caused a significant protective effect. Administration of ERA in normal rats did not have any significant effect on cardiac markers, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant levels. The results of our study show that ERA possesses protective effect result from suppression of oxidative stress in ISO-induced myocardial infracted rats. Histopathological examination further confirmed the cardioprotective effect of ERA against ischemic insult.
Key words: Myocardial infarction, isoproterenol, antioxidants, Rhododendron arboreum, oxidative stress.
Manjunatha P. Mudagal*, Sandip Karia and Divakar Goli
Page: 1 - 9
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Antioxidant and antibacterial constituents from Morus nigra
Ofentse Mazimba1*, Runner R. T. Majinda1 and Daniel Motlhanka2
1Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 00704, Gaborone, Botswana.
2Department of Basic Sciences, Botswana College of Agriculture, Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana.
Accepted 27 May, 2017
Abstract
The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize the constituents of the local Morus nigra L. (Black mulberry), to compare its constituents with other studied Mulberries and to evaluate its anti-oxidative and anti-bacterial activities. The isolated compounds were identified by comparison of spectral data (UV, IR, MS and NMR) with literature values. The stem bark and wood of M. nigra yielded a stilbenoid oxyresveratrol 1, a 2- arylbenzofuran moracin M2, four isoprenylated flavonoids; cyclomorusin 3, morusin 4, kuwanon C5 and a derivative of kuwanon C6, two tritepenes; betulinic acid 7, -amyrin acetate 8 and a steroidal saponin -sitosterol-3-O- -D- glucoside 9. The phenolic isolates showed moderate DPPH radical scavenging activity (EC50 = 23-135 µgml-1) compared to ascorbic acid (EC50 = 41 µgml-1) after 30 min. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 to 6 showed activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococus flavus, Streptococcus faecalis, Salmonella abony, Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Key words: Morus nigra, antioxidant, antibacterial, oxyresveratrol, isoprenylated flavonoids.
Runner R. T. Majinda and Daniel Motlhanka, Ofentse Mazimba*
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Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 7 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of Hypericum perforatum (St. John’s wort) extract on renal function after unilateral ureteral obstruction in rat
Mehrdad Neshat1*, Yadollah Azarmi2, Ziaii Seyed Mehdi1, Yousef Doustar3 and Ghafour Mousavi4
1Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.
3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
4Department of Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz - Iran.
Accepted 18 April, 2016
Abstract
Obstructive nephropathy induced by urine reflux due to uroliths, prostatic hypertrophy and other disorders will result in renal interstitial fibrosis and inflammation. Because of Hypericum perforatums (HP) anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, the clinical usage of this drug in renal function has been studied. We divided 30 Sprague- Dawley rats randomly into 5 groups: sham group (Sham), untreated unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) group, vitamin E treated (50 IU/kg) UUO group, HP 30 and 60 treated (30 and 60 mg/kg) UUO groups. All of the chemicals were administrated 7 days before and after operation. At 7 days after UUO, blood samples were collected and left kidney were dissected and Haematoxylin and Eosin (HE) and Masson staining were used to study the dynamic histological changes. Low dose of HP similar to vitamin E alleviated the renal interstitial fibrosis, tubular cell degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration and glomerular damage (p<0.01) but high dose of HP increased injuries (p<0.05). We provide for the first time evidence that HP extract in obstructed kidney has different effects, such that in low dose it can be affected as a renoprotective agent, but in high dose, it can be affected as an inflammation triggering substance. The demonstration of exact mechanism (s) of opposite effect of HP extracts needs more cellular and molecular investigations.
Key words: Hypericum perforatum, renal glomerular damage, renal tubulointerstitial damage, unilateral ureteral obstruction.
Ziaii Seyed Mehdi, Mehrdad Neshat*, Yousef Doustar and Ghafour Mousavi, Yadollah Azarmi
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Short Communication
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-003, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Effects of vitamin B6 on age associated changes of rat brain glutamate decarboxylase activity
Manoochehr Messripour1* and Azadeh Mesripour2
1Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Khorasgan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Esfahan, Iran
2Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Accepted 15 April, 2017
Abstract
Glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), act as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters in CNS respectively. An increase in glutamate and a decrease in GABA concentration were observed in aged brain. However, the mechanism of these changes has not been very well elucidated. Glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) catalyzes the conversion of glutamate to GABA. Since the vitamin B6 is essential for the activities of GAD, this study was undertaken to investigate the effects of vitamin B6 administration on age related changes in rat brain. The animals were injected intraperitoneally with 1, 10 and 100 mg vitamin B6 /kg body weight /day for 30 days, and specific activity of GAD was assayed in the brain supernatant. The activity of the enzyme in aged rats was significantly lower as compared to that of young animals. Vitamin B6 induced activation of the brain enzyme in both ages, but the rate of the activation was markedly pronounced in aged animals. Significant activation rate of GAD by vitamin B6 in aged rat brain may be resulted from either lower availability of vitamin B6 in aged animals, or lower affinity of the enzyme for pyridoxal -5-phosphate, which is likely to be related to conformational changes of the enzyme during aging. It is suggested that vitamin B6 may restore the activity of the brain glutamate decarboxylase in aged rat.
Key words: Glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, vitamin B6, aging, glutamate decarboxylase.
Azadeh Mesripour, Manoochehr Messripour*
Page: 1 - 3
Research Article
International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology ISSN: 2326-7275 Vol. 6 (12), pp. 001-012, December, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Modeling of nevirapine-based antiretroviral regimen response by taxonomy from different CD4 cell counts strata
Danho Pascal Abrogoua1*, Brou Jérôme Kablan1, Gilles Aulagner2 and Claude Petit3
1Laboratoire de Pharmacie Clinique, Pharmacologie et Thérapeutique - UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Cocody, BP V 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.
2Service Pharmaceutique Hôpital, Louis Pradel, Lyon-France.
3Université Claude Bernard, Lyon1-France (MA2D).
Accepted 25 May, 2017
Abstract
The search for determinants responsible for changes in CD4 cells count can help to optimize the efficiency of the nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy in Côte d'Ivoire. Our study on the response to this treatment was carried out through taxonomy of CD4 cells count trajectories using non-hierarchical-descendant model. One hundred and sixty four patients were grouped according to their baseline CD4 count in three strata (<100/mm3, 100-200/mm3 and >200/mm3). In each category, classes of similar CD4 count trajectories represented by standard paths called meta-trajectories have been formed by the model and we have searched for the determining factors. On the overall, there was a significant variation between classes (p<0.001) of the following variables: average CD4 count, nadir CD4, peak CD4, average CD4 gain. According to the profile of meta-trajectories, CD4 cells gains are obvious during the first six months of treatment, and then changes are variable according to classes regardless of the baseline CD4 count. The other medical follow -up variables showed no significant variation between classes in the categories of initial CD4 count 100/mm3. However in patients with baseline CD4<100/mm3, variables like mean weight (p=0.04), mean hemoglobin count (p=0.01) and average gain of hemoglobin (p=0.03) are also explanatory of partition into different classes. Baseline characteristics showed no significant variation between the different classes in the categories of initial CD4 count 100/mm3. However for patients with baseline CD4 count<100/mm3, sex is explanatory of classes partition (p<0.05) . Correspondence analysis revealed other determining factors related to the different meta-trajectories (initial CD4 count, initial CD4 cells percentage, adherence, presence, or absence of opportunistic infections prior to the treatment). These factors influencing the CD4 cells response of nevirapine-based regimen in Côte d'Ivoire must be considered to maximize efficiency of the treatment.
Key words: Nevirapine, CD4 cells count response, meta-trajectories, Non-Hierarchical-Descendant Model, antiretroviral regimen.
Danho Pascal Abrogoua*, Gilles Aulagner and Claude Petit, Brou Jérôme Kablan
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