African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (7), pp. 331-337, July, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Copepod parasitic richness, specificity and host epidemiological characters of infestation parameters

Chahinez Boualleg¹, Hadda Ferhati¹, Nouha Kaouachi¹, Mourad Bensouilah¹ and Sonia Ternengo²

¹Laboratoire d’Ecobiologie des Milieux Marins et Littoraux, Faculté des Sciences, Université Badji Mokhtar Annaba, BP:

12 El- Hadjar, Annaba 23000, Algérie.

²Laboratoire (Parasites et écosystèmes méditerranéens), Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Université de Corse, CNRS UMR 6134, BP 52, 20250, Corte, France.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 06 January, 2017

Abstract

The examination of the gills of 960 fishes belonging to four species: Diplodus annularis, Pagellus erythrinus, Lithognatus mormyrus and Mullus barbatus collected from the Gulf of Annaba, enabled us to identify 13 species of parasitic copepods: Caligus ligusticus, Caligus diaphanus, Clavellotis sp, Clavellotis sargi, Clavellotis pagri, Clavellotis strumosa, Lernaeolophus sultanus, Hatschekia pagellibogneravei, Hatschekia sp, Hatschekia mulli, Sparidicola lithognathi, Neobrachiella exigua and Alella macrotrachelus. The distribution of copepods identified, varies from one host species to another and one season to another. P. erythrinus and L. mormyrus present the important number of copepods species. However, the winter presents the highest parasitic diversity (13). Furthermore, the majority of oixenous species are counted. The rates of most values are recorded in summer (33%) and spring (25%). It is also, D. annularis which shelters more of the 2/3 population of copepods collected. The copepod H. pagellibogneravei is the most abundant. The evaluation of parasitic indices shows that, it is during the summer and spring that the maximum values are recorded.

Key words: Copepod gills, Gulf of Annaba, teleost fish, season.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 348-352, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of the current level of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in N’Djamena, Chad Republic

M. A. Hamit¹, M. T. Tidjani ¹ and C.F. Bilong Bilong²*

¹Faculty of Medicine, University of N’Djamena, Chad.

²Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon; Po Box 812 Yaoundé, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author. E- mail: bilong_bilong @yahoo.com

Accepted 04 July, 2017

Abstract

This cross sectional study assessed the prevalence of intestinal protozoan and helminth infections in N’Djamena, Chad Republic, and determined the main epidemiological transmission factors of these pathogens in order to develop efficient control strategies of intestinal parasites. Four hundred and sixty two randomly selected persons, from eight quarters (administrative districts), of age less than one year to seventy six years old of both sexes, were examined in N’Djamena town. Out of the 462 samples, 235 (51%) were found to harbour at least one parasite species. The prevalences of the eight (8) parasite species detected were: Entamoeba histolytica (30%), Hymenolepis nana (13%), Ascaris lumbricoides (10%), Trichomonas hominis (6%), Giardia intestinalis (3%), hookworm (0.5%), and Schistosoma mansoni (0.2%). These pathogens appeared mostly in single infections. The quarters with higher infection indices were those that experienced floods (Abena and Chagoua) and where people do not use latrines (Naga and Goudji). The population customs and the environmental conditions in N’Djamena still favour high faecal- oral transmission of intestinal parasites.

Key words: Prevalence, Intestinal Parasites, Protozoans, Helminths, N’Djamena, Chad.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (9), pp. 343-347, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Preservation and protection of the biosphere resources in order to increase productivity to feed the world population

Dibong Siegfried Didier¹*, Mony Ruth², Ndiang Zenabou¹, Ondoua Joseph Marie¹, Boussim Issaka Joseph³, Bilong Bilong⁴ and Amougou Akoa⁵

¹Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

²Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, P. O. Box 24157, Douala, Cameroon.

³Laboratory of Biology and Plant Ecology, University of Ouagadougou 03, P. O Box 848, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

⁴Department of Biology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.

⁵Department of Biology and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde, P. O. Box 812, Yaounde, Cameroon.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 09 June, 2017

Abstract

In Central Africa sub region, Phragmanthera capitata (Sprengel) S. Balle (Loranthaceae) is better adapted to the conditions of environment modified by man. This species causes often considerable loss of harvests. Struggle methods used in the littoral region of Cameroon against P. capitata are manual removal of tufts and the “ethephon” chemical struggle. Impacts of these promising struggle methods used are discussed. Agroecology which favours fauna and flora of all in improving the agricultural productions is proposed for the sustainable development.

Key words: Phragmanthera capitata, struggle methods, impacts, agroecology.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (5), pp. 323-326, May, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of  the causative agent(s) of necrotic entritis disease outbreaks on chicken farms in Cairo, Egypt

*Fahmy Hossam¹, Helmy Saleh² and Zazou Makhioun²

¹Microbiology and Immunology dept, National research centre, Giza, Egypt.

²Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Abbassia, Egypt.

Accepted 25 July 2017

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Abstract

During the winter of 2006, outbreaks of severe entritis affected many broiler farms in the AL-Fayoum governorate, south of Cairo, Egypt. To identify the causative agent(s), bacterial isolates (14) from the diseased chickens were characterized phenotypically and biochemically. All isolates exhibited characteristics of Clostridium perfringens. Subsequently, molecular typing of the bacterial isolates was performed by multiplex PCR using four sets of primers specific for the genes encoding the C. perfringens , , and toxins, respectively. A single amplicon, corresponding in size to the alpha ( ) toxin-encoding gene (approximately 402 bp), was amplified from all the bacterial isolates. It was therefore concluded that only C. perfringens type A was responsible for the disease outbreaks.

Key words: Clostridium perfringens- necrotic entritis – broiler chicken – multiplex PCR.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 296-303, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of Aspergillus species growing on cassava chips in storage in two distinct locations of southern Cameroon

Andze Inoni¹, Nkuete Atangana² and Esso Ayah²

¹The University of Yaoundé I, Faculty of Science, Department of Plant Biology, Yaoundé-Cameroon.

²University of Dschang, Faculty of Agriculture and Agricultural Sciences, Department of Plant Protection, Dschang Cameroon.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 03, January, 2007

Abstract

A survey was carried out to monitor during a two-month period the incidence of Aspergillus in samples of stored cassava chips traditionally produced in southern Cameroon. Seventy-two samples associated with two forms of chips (cassava balls and cassava pellets) were collected in two locations (Yaoundé and Ebolowa) and 13 Aspergillus species were isolated. In both locations, Aspergillus versicolor was seldom isolated, whereas A. flavus and A. clavatus were most frequently isolated. The level of recovery of isolates obtained was not affected by location and form of chips, but by the duration of storage (P < 0.01) and the moisture content (P < 0.05) . Five core species were identified, which formed more than 70% of the total isolates associated with the samples analyzed. These were A. clavatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous. Correlation coefficients computed between pairs of these species based on total isolation figures for the two locations showed that some were significantly associated. A. clavatus, A. niger and A. ochraceous were positively related to one another in a significant way. Similarly, significant correlations, positive or negative, were observed between the moisture content and all core Aspergillus species. The larger number of these toxigenic fungi isolated raises concerns on the potential of stored cassava products as a natural substrate liable to mycotoxin formation.

Key words: Aspergillus species, Cameroon, Cassava chips and Survey.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (4), pp. 304-307, April, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the predominant etiological agent in human dermatophytoses

Mayawati Gavai¹, Lekhi Ahmed¹, Kumar Reddy¹ and Mala Agarwal²

¹Sri Paramakalyani College, Alwarkurichi, India.

²Sri Paramakalyani Centre for Environmental Studies, Manonmaniam Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli, India.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 14 January, 2007

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to find the predominant etiological agent of dermatophytoses among the patients attending the outpatient clinic of Mycology Section, Department of Dermatology, Madras Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. Specimens were collected from suspected patients with dermatophytoses and examined for the presence of fungal elements, cultured, isolated and identified. Among the 90 suspected patients with clinical symptoms of dermatophytoses, 71 (78.9%) were confirmed in culture. Trichophyton genus was accounted for 93% of dermatophytoses, which was shared by Trichophyton rubrum (73.3%) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (19.7%), followed by Epidermophyton floccosum (4.2%) andMicrosporum gypseum (2.8%). It was noted that tinea corporis (64.8%) is the most prevalent infection followed by tinea cruris (26.8%), tinea pedis (5.6%) and onychomycoses (2.8%). T. rubrum was the predominant species responsible for the dermatophytoses, especially tinea corporis in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. In addition it was also observed that T. rubrum was most predominant species responsible for the chronic dermatophytoses (81.8%). Further work is in progress to understand the protease profile of the isolates with relation to the chronisity of the infection.

Key words: Dermatophytoses, Dermatophytes, Tinea, Trichophyton and Skin infections.