ISSN 2756-3391
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation and identification of Lactobacillus species from the vagina and their antimicrobial properties
Mansour Amin1,2, Hamed Goodarzi1*, Ziba Orang1, Sakineh Farsi1 and Maasomeh Jorfi1
1Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
2Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 07 November, 2020
Abstract
The microbial resident in the vagina is a heterogeneous flora containing bacteria. This microbial flora plays an important role in regular vagina function and support host defense from attack by pathogens. In this study Lactobacilli spp. isolated from healthy women and their antimicrobial activity was evaluated. One hundred and three healthy women referred to women clinics in Ahvaz-Iran were subjected for this study. A vaginal swab of each one inoculated in MRS broth media. After 24 h incubation the specimens were subcultured on MRS agar media. The Gram positive bacilli where isolated for more identification by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with genus and species-specific primers. The antimicrobial activity of confirmed lactobacilli where tested against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus. Fifty-one samples out of 103 were positive for Lactobacillus genus primers. Twenty-four isolates were Lactobacillus acidophilus and two species were identified as Lactobacillus plantarum and 2 as Lactobacillus casei. Twenty-three other isolates were just positive by genus primer. Twenty strains of L. acidophilus and one strain of L. plantarum, showed antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and C. albicans. The objectives of this study showed that less than 50% of healthy ladies in Ahvaz city- Iran can be supported from vaginal pathogens by lactobacilli probiotics but others are in risk of attack by harmful microbes.
Key word: Lactobacillus, vagina pathogens, antimicrobial.
Sakineh Farsi and Maasomeh Jorfi, Hamed Goodarzi*, Ziba Orang, Mansour Amin
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-008, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of six flavonoid compounds addition on short-chain fatty acids production and human fecal microbial community change during in vitro fermentation
Shengyong Mao* and Weiyun Zhu
Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, PR China.
Accepted 14 October, 2020
Abstract
Flavonoid has been proposed to have beneficial effects on human health, including antimicrobial activity. To clarify whether the flavonoid addition has an impact on the volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and the composition of the human fecal microbiota, six flavonoid compounds including baicalin, quercetin, icraiin, luteolin, amygdalin, naringin were investigated using a batch-culture fermentation system. 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene based polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) and real-time PCR were used to monitor the changes in the composition of microbiota after the flavonoid addition. The results showed that incubation of six flavonoids compounds (40 or 160 mg/l) with faecal bacteria, led to a general increase in TVFA production (except baicalin), and improved the acetate, propionate (except baicalin and aringin) and butyrate (except baicalin) production. The analysis of DGGE profiles revealed that fingerprints of the fecal bacteria communities had a similarity of >89% between the control and the flavonoid treatment. As compared with the control, icraiin addition improved the Shannon index of diversity, while no significant differences were observed with baicalin, quercetin, luteolin, amygdalin or naringin addition, the Q-PCR results showed that the numbers of the total bacteria was increased by the naringin addition, and there is a tendency for increased in the bacteria number with the quercetin addition, while no any significant changes were observed on the bacteria number with the baicalin, icraiin, luteolin or amygdalin addition. These observations suggest that the consumption of flava-onid-rich foods may support gut health through their ability to exert prebiotic actions, but this flavonoid induced effect may depend on the type of the flavonid. Future human intervention studies will provide further insight into the potential of flavonoid monomers to act as prebiotics in the human large intestine in vivo.
Key words: Flavavonid, prebiotics, faecal microflora, Microbial diversity, polymerase chain reaction- denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE).
Weiyun Zhu, Shengyong Mao*
Page: 1 - 8
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (12), pp. 001-005, December, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Partial genes expression assessment of two-component regulation system ArlR and SigB towards Staphylococcus aureus survival in vitro
Nik Khairul Azizi Nik Ibrahim1,2, Mariana Nor Shamsudin1,2, Vasantha Kumari Neela1 and Zamberi Sekawi1
1Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
2Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Accepted 07 September, 2020
Abstract
The current research trend for a new drug development was expanded by using the proteomic approaches. However, the expression on those drug target must be well identified before taking part into proteomics study. One of the most commonly use protocol is the expression profiles on those selected genes during certain simulated conditions. Staphylococcus aureus has been blessed with several virulence factors which are essential for its pathogenicity. One of the most well studied systems is the Two-Component Regulatory Systems (TCRSs). The TCRSs play a vital role in S. aureus survival and it become a good candidate for the specific drug target. Prior to determining the role, this study was made to observe the expression pattern of 2 TCRS’ regulatory genes during the treatment with antibiotics against two strains of S. aureus; the Methicillin Susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and Methicillin Resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The partial transcripted analysis of the reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) data shows that the rates of expression in selected TCRS genes were different in both strains. Knowing the importance to S. aureus growth and pathogenesis, the TCRS genes can be a good candidate for designing a novel specific drug target against S. aureus especially the MRSA.
Key words: Two-component regulatory systems (TCRSs), regulatory gene, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
Vasantha Kumari Neela and Zamberi Sekawi, Nik Khairul Azizi Nik Ibrahim, Mariana Nor Shamsudin
Page: 1 - 5
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica: Their Prevalence and Hematological Effects on Children between Seven Months to Seven Years at the Mother and Child Teaching Hospital in N’Djamena, Chad
Fombotioh Ndifor1, Hamit Mahamat Alio*1,2, Issa Ramat Adam1,3, Abakar Idriss Lawane1,4 and Foumsou Lhangadang1.
1Department of Biomedical Sciences and pharmacy, Faculty of human health sciences, University of N’Djamena. P.O. Box: 1117, N’Djamena, Chad.
2Laboratory of Parasitology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, P.O. Box. 812 Yaounde, Cameroon.
3Faculty of Sciences, University of Douala, BP 24157 Douala, Cameroon.
4Laboratory of Biochemistry and Applied Immunology (LABIA), Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Burkina Faso, 03. P.O. Box 7021, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Accepted 08 November, 2020
Abstract
This study was to assess the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis and Entamoeba histolytica and their hematological effects on children between 7 months to 7 years at the mother and child teaching hospital of N’Djamena. Patients consisted of 200 children who were brought for consultation in the paediatric ward. Our work started from November 2019 to April 2020. Stool samples were collected from patients and examined by direct smears and Willis floatation technique. Hematological parameters examined were: hematocrit, Hemoglobin, red blood cells, leucocytes and eosinophils. From the population studied, 42% had gastrointestinal protozoa infections. Our study recorded the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis (25%) and Entamoeba histolytica (75%). Parasites were isolated from all the age groups. Infections were higher in males 25% than in females 16.66%. Patients infected presented lower average of hematocrit 30%, hemoglobin 8.62±1.043, red blood cells 2.64±0.38, leucocytes 13.73± 2.62 and eosinophils 6.16%. The most frequent symptoms observed for both parasites were diarrhoea 25 (12.5%), abdominal pain 25 (12.5%), abdominal pain and diarrhoea 21(10.5%) and digestive discomfort 13(6.5%). This study noticed a strong prevalence of E. Histolytica and G.intestinalis among the children. A statistical significant different was found between infected and the non-infected subjects (P ˂ 0.05).
Key words: Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica, prevalence, Hematological, child, Chad.
Hamit Mahamat Alio*, Fombotioh Ndifor, Abakar Idriss Lawane and Foumsou Lhangadang, Issa Ramat Adam
Page: 1 - 6
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-004, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Multi-drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from the clinical specimens of three hospitals in Tehran-Iran
Sepideh Mostofi1, Reza Mirnejad2*and Faramaz Masjedian3
1Department of Biology, North Tehran Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
3Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 09 March, 2020
Abstract
The aim of this study is to carry out an investigation on multi-drug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii strains that are isolated from clinical samples of three highly large hospitals in Tehran-Iran. This descriptive-cross sectional study was performed in three large hospitals in Tehran on 70 samples of Acinetobacter which were isolated from patients during April to November 2010. After identifying the species level by using culture and biochemical methods, in order to determine the sensitivity of 50 isolates of A. baumannii to 13 antibiotics, standard methods according to CLSI guidelines were performed. In this study, resistance to three or more than three classes of antibiotics multidrug resistance was defined. In this study, 50 A. baumannii strains, 12 A. lwoffii strains and other Acinetobacter species were isolated from patients. The majority of isolates were from blood specimens. Isolates of A. baumannii showed the highest resistance to cefepime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, norfloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and amikacin. Tobramycin and meropenem were considered as effective drugs in this study. Multi-drug resistance in these strains was 55.4%, respectively. Multi-drug resistant Acinetobacters are growing and are considered as an important threat for hospitalized patients, so a change in consumption patterns of antibiotics and control of hospital infections seems to be necessary.
Key words: Acinetobacter baumannii, nosocomial infection, multi-drug resistance, antibiogram.
Reza Mirnejad*and Faramaz Masjedian, Sepideh Mostofi
Page: 1 - 4
Research Article
African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (11), pp. 001-012, November, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Endophytic bacteria isolated from the pneumatophores of Avicennia marina
S. Rylo sona janarthine1*, P. Eganathan2, T. Balasubramanian1 and S. Vijayalakshmi1
1Centre of Advance Studies in Marine Biology, Annamalai University, Portonovo, Tamilnadu, India.
2M.S.Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Accepted 07 September, 2020
Abstract
Plant-associated bacteria that live inside plant tissues without causing any harm to plants are defined as endophytic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the surface sterilized pneumatophores of Avicennia marina. Three isolates were selected based on their colonization and occurrence. The isolates SjAM16101 Gram positive rods, SjAM16102 Gram negative rods and SjAM16103 Gram negative rods were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing and identified as Bacillus sp., Enterobacter sp. and Sporosarcina aquimarina, respectively. The nucleotide sequence has been deposited under accession number GU930357 (Bacillus sp.), GU930358 (Enterobacter sp.) and GU930359 (S. aquimarina). Bacillus sp., fixed nitrogen, S. aquimarina produced siderophore and all the three strains solubilized phosphate molecule.
Key words: Endophytic bacteria, pneumatophores, Avicennia marina, 16S rRNA sequencing.
T. Balasubramanian and S. Vijayalakshmi, P. Eganathan, S. Rylo sona janarthine*
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