African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (12), pp. 371-379, December, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt-K76T mutation in asymptomatic vs symptomatic school children in three epidemiological areas of Côte D’Ivoire

Gnagne  AP¹, Konate  A¹,  Bedia-Tanoh  AV^1,2, Amiah-Droh M¹,  Menan EI¹, N’guetta ASP³, Yavo W^{1, 2}

¹Centre de Recherche et de Lutte contre le Paludisme, INSP, Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire.

²Département  de  Parasitologie-Mycologie,  UFR  Sciences  Pharmaceutiques  et  Biologique,  Abidjan-Côte d’Ivoire.

³Laboratoire de Génétique, Université de Cocody, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 20 October, 2018

Abstract

Plasmodium asymptomatic carriers are considered as parasite reservoir in humans. Therefore, they can be at the origin of the expansion of chemoresistant plasmodial strains. In order to be effective, new strategies for malaria elimination must take into account these individuals. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum pfcrt76T allele in asymptomatic versus symptomatic children in different epidemiological areas of Côte d'Ivoire. It was conducted from May 2015 to April 2016 in the rural and urban areas of Grand-Bassam, Abengourou and San Pedro during the rainy and the dry seasons. A total of 2361 blood samples were collected from schoolchildren. The plasmodial prevalence was 40%. P. falciparum was the majority species with 95.7%. Fifteen percent or 360 blood samples were drawn for setting  Nested PCR. The overall prevalence of pfcrt76T allele was 15.8%. This prevalence of pfcrt76T was 17% and 15% in asymptomatic and symptomatic patients respectively (p = 0.7098). The prevalence of pfcrt76T allele was not associated with the geographical area and the clinical status of the carrier. However, it was linked to the intensity of P. falciparum transmission.

Keywords: Plasmodium falciparum, Côte d'Ivoire, pfcrt, asymptomatic, malaria.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (11), pp. 360-365, November, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Phenol-Chloroform-based isolation of Schistosoma haematobium DNA in urine samples at Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire

Angora KE^1,3, Ako AB¹, Bosson-Vanga AH^1,3, Ira-Bonouman AV¹, Touré OA¹, Menan HE³, Djaman AJ²

¹Department of Parasitology Mycology, Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire, BPV 490 Abidjan

²Département of Biochemistry, Institut Pasteur of Côte d’Ivoire, BPV 490 Abidjan

³Department of Parasitology Mycology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Felix HouphouëtBoigny University, BPV 34 Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire.

Corresponding Author. E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 27 September, 2018

Abstract

Schistosoma haemtobium infection remains an important place in neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. DNA detection of this parasite is never done in Côte d'Ivoire; so it is important to carry out this study which aims to perform phenol-chloroform method S. haematobium DNA extraction from urine in Parasitology Unit of Institut Pasteur. Thus, 107 urine samples positive for S. haematobium stored at -20°C collected from schoolchildren in Guebo 2 were used. Optical densities (OD) were measured by spectrophotometer at 260 nm and 280 nm wavelength and DNA concentrations were measured. The average of optical density was 0.780 ± 0.61 at 260 nm and 0.687 ± 0.53 at 280 nm. Most extracts DNA had OD260nm / OD280nm ratio lower than 1.8. DNA concentrations were high with an average of 234.0 ± 184.3μg / mL with extremes at 33.7μg / mL and 827.5μg / mL. Phenol-chloroform method gave relatively high concentrations of DNA. The PCR amplification of DNA will allow improving this method.

Key words: Schistosoma haematobium, DNA, Extraction, Phenol-chloroform method.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (10), pp. 353-359, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of epidemiological status of the human blood and gastro-intestinal parasites in Edo state

R. M. Mordi* and Paul Obele Acha Ngwodo

University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology, P. M. B 1111, Benin City, Nigeria.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 13 January, 2017

Abstract

A four-year study to determine the prevalence of both blood and gastro-intestinal parasites of man was done in all the eighteen local government areas of Edo State, Nigeria. The study, which commenced in January of 2000, ended in December of 2004. Of the 136,360 samples examined, 1000 that is 0.7% had parasites. A total of eleven parasites species were identified. A seasonal pattern of parasitic infection was noted with a high prevalence in the rainy (wet) season months of April to November and a low prevalence in the dry season months of December to March. The prevalence was significantly higher in September, October and November at 22, 10 and 10% respectively (P<0.05); than other months of the year. February had the least prevalence of 10%. The local government areas in the rain-forest zone, south of the state had significantly higher prevalence than the local government areas in the grassland, north of the state (P<0.05). Of the eleven parasite species observed in the study, Ascaris lumbricoides and Plasmodium falciparum had the highest prevalence of 30 and 35%, respectively. Hookworm parasites, Trichuris triciura and Strongyloides stercoralis had the prevalence of 10, 7 and 1%, respectively. The protozoans, Entamoeba coli, Entamoeba histolytica, and Giardia lamblia had prevalence of 6, 4 and 3% respectively. Schistosoma haematobium , Loa loa and Enterobius vermicularis had the least prevalence of 2, 1 and 1%, respectively. With the exception of S. haematobium, E. vermicularis, and L. loa, which occurred in few local government areas, the other eight parasite species were encountered in all the local government areas. There was a higher prevalence of parasitic infections in this study than in the hospital records in the state.

Key words: Blood, gastro-intestinal, parasites, and infection in Edo state.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2343-6549 Vol. 5 (6), pp. 327-330, June, 2018. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Occurrence of parasites of pigeons in Morogoro Municipality of Tanzania

P. L. M. Msoffe^1*, A. P. Muhairwa¹, G. H. Chiwanga² and A. A. Kassuku³

¹Department of Veterinary Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture,

P. O. Box 3021, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania.

²Ministry of Livestock Development and Fisheries, Veterinary Investigation Centre, Southern Highlands, P. O. Box 290

Iringa, Tanzania.

³Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of

Agriculture, P. O. Box 3019, Chuo Kikuu Morogoro, Tanzania.

*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 06 July, 2017

Abstract

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of parasites of domestic pigeons in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. 100 nestlings and 100 adult pigeons were examined for the presence of ecto and endoparasites. 159 pigeons (79.5%) were infected with one or more species of gastrointestinal helminthes, 124 (62%) had one or more ectoparasites and 74 (37%) were infected with haemoparasites. The 3 subfamilies represented two cestodes and one nematode, whereas no trematodes were found. Three species of helminthes Raillietina tetragona (6%), Raillietina echinobothrida (63%) and Ascaridia galli (15.5%) were identified. Three different species of ectoparasites (Pseudolynchia canariensis (61.5%), Menocanthus stramineus (0.5%) and Menopon gallinae (0.5%), and 1 haemoparasite species Haemoproteus columbae were identified. Prevalence of gastrointestinal worms was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in adults than in nestlings. Nestlings appeared to be less susceptible to gastrointestinal cestodes but more susceptible to nematodes compared with adults. P. canariensis were found in both nestlings and adults pigeons while M. stramineus and M. gallinae were found in adult only. Prevalence of ectoparasites was not statistically significant (P < 1) between the two age groups. The prevalence of H. columbae was statistically higher (P < 0.001) in adults. Further studies are recommended in assessing the effects of the parasites on the pigeons’ health and production.

Key words: Pigeons, free-range, gastrointestinal helminthiasis, prevalence.