African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-005, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genotyping and antifungal susceptibility of CANDIDA ALBICANS  clinical isolates from Yangzhou region in China

Xiaofang Zhu¹, Naijun Dong², Qin Wang¹, Beibei Cheng¹, Liqian Zhu³, Jie Tao³, Guoqiang Zhu³* and Ping Bo⁴*

¹Department of Dermatology of Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.

²Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Clinical Medical School, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.

³College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China.

⁴Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, China.

Accepted 03 August, 2020

Abstract

In this report, 500 clinical isolates of CANDIDA ALBICANS originated from patients’ body sites (vaginal, rectum, tongue and pharynx) and samples (stool, urine) in Yangzhou-located region were selected, screened and characterized. C. ALBICANS DNA fragments spanning a potential transposable group I intron-containing region in 25S r DNA were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), cloned, sequenced and analyzed. Based on the DNA band, size and sequence data, they could be classified into three genotypes: genotype A (365 strains), genotype B (83 strains) and genotype C (52 strains). Sequence alignment analysis indicated that genotype B contained the conserved sequence element P, Q, R and S of group I intron, genotype C only harbored sequence element P and Q, while genotype A lacked these characteristic element sequences. 80 isolates covering the three genotypes were further selected to perform the IN VITRO antibiotics susceptibility test. The results indicated that strains of genotype A were much less susceptible to flucytosine than either strains of genotype B or genotype C. But no regularity was observed between the susceptibility of C. ALBICANS isolates to azoles, and to amphotericin B. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the prevalence and antibiotics susceptibility of Chinese-based C.

Key words: Candida albicans, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), genotyping, antifungal susceptibility.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-009, August, 2020.© International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Community diversity of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in different ecological regions of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province of China

Ye Feng^1,4, Ming Tang¹*, Hui Chen¹, Haoqiang Zhang², Wei Cong³ and Haihan Zhang²

¹College of Forestry, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.

²College of Life Sciences, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.

³College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A and F University, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.

⁴State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Yangling Shaanxi 712100, China.

Accepted 07 October, 2019

Abstract

The research of rhizosphere microorganism community structure in degraded areas has been a focus recently. The aim of this study is to analyze the community diversity of bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the rhizosphere of Amorpha fruticosa L., Hippophae rhamnoides L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. in three different ecological regions of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi Province of China by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP). Results obtained that the AMF and bacterial diversity differed greatly between regions and native plants species. Species richness and the Shannon diversity index of bacteria and AMF in rhizosphere of R. pseudoacacia were higher than that of H. rhamnoides and A. fruticosa in the three regions. The results of principal component analysis and redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that host plants had no strict specificity with both AMF and bacterial community diversity while environmental condition did great influence on AMF community diversity and organic matter content, and pH were primary influencing factor. The community diversity of AMF was significant correlative to that of bacteria (p<0.01). These results suggest that the environmental conditions exhibit greater influence on the community diversity of AMF than the host plants. And organic matter and pH are more indicative of the change of community diversity of bacteria and AMF. 

Key words: Loess Plateau, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, rhizosphere bacteria, community diversity, terminal restriction fragment length polymorphisms (T-RFLP).

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The in vitro antioxidant properties of Bacillus simplex XJ-25 isolated from sand biological soil crusts

Z. R. Wang^1,2, J. P. Sheng¹, X. L. Tian², T. T. Wu², W. Z. Liu² and L. Shen^1*

¹College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineerin, China Agricultural University, Beijing100083, China.

¹School of Food Science, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China.

Accepted 05 October, 2019

Abstract

XJ-25, a strain with strong antioxidant activity was isolated from sand biological soil crusts in Gurban Tonggut Desert, Xinjiang, China. Strain XJ-25 is closely related to Bacillus simplex through the 16s rDNA sequencing combined with morphological, physiological and biochemical analysis. The medium for optimal antioxidant activity was NB with 1.5 g/L glucose. Based on the kinetic assay, antioxidant activity began at early exponential growth phases; maximum activity was reached at the stationary phase. Scavenging effects on 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), the hydroxyl and superoxide radicals, T-AOC capacity and protection against lipid damage were evaluated. The main antioxidant compounds were in the extracellular secreted supernatant of XJ-25. The active compounds were very stable at a pH range of 2 to 12, and temperature from 40 to 121°C, as well as in some organic solvents. Thin layer chromatography assay by DPPH scavenging assay showed two active spots with a Rf values of 0.35 and 0.47, and both of them were ninhydrin positive.

Key words: Antioxidant activity, Bacillus simplex, TLC, bacteria, sand soil biological crusts.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anti-bacterial activity of in vitro produced alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus L.

Farah Farahani*, Mohsen Zargar and Tahereh Nabavi

Department of Microbiology, Qom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qom, Iran.

Accepted 16 October, 2019

Abstract

Antibacterial therapeutic failure due to emergence of resistant bacterial strain is a world wide phenomenon. The search for effective antibacterial substances from sources such as plants has become a necessity to overcome emergent of bacterial resistant in clinical practice. Catharanthus roseus L. belongs to the family Apocynaceae, is an erector procumbent herb or under shrub containing latex. It possesses known anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-diabetic, anticancer and antiviral activities. In the present study we carried out the screening of this plant for its antibacterial potential adopting the antibacterial assay. The in vitro hairy roots and the hairy roots from transgenic of C. roseus were used and extracts were subjected to anti-bacterial assay. The alkaloids hairy roots of transgenic of C. roseus exhibited anti-bacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermis, Staphylococcus saprofiticous, Micrococcus roseous, Micrococcus luteous and Bacillus subtilis. Moreover, the alkaloids hairy roots of transgenic of C. roseous were also ineffective against Bacillus licheniformis. The alkaloid of hairy root of transgenic plants was more effective than the In vitro hairy roots (non-transgenic), which exhibited broad-spectrum anti-bacterial activity against bacteria with the zone of inhibitions measuring between 17-10 mm. The alkaloid of non-transgenic plants exhibited anti-bacterial activity against bacteria with the zone of inhibition ranging between 14-8 mm. The study implicates that bio-active compound(s) of C. roseus could potentially be exploited as antibacterial agents.

Key words: Catharanthus roseus, hairy roots, transgenic plant, antibacterial assay.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (7), pp. 001-005, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antibacterial activity of Satureja bakhtiarica bung essential oil against some human pathogenic bacteria

Mohammad Ahanjan¹, Javad Ghaffari¹*, Ghasem Mohammadpour², Mohtaram Nasrolahie¹, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas¹ and Araz Mohammad Mirabi¹

¹Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran Province, Iran.

²Islamic Azad University, Sari Branch, Iran.

Accepted 15 July, 2019

Abstract

Bacterial infections are a major problem in humans; as such, replacing the chemical drugs used against them with plant drugs is an important research. Here, the chemical compositions and antibacterial activity of the essential oils obtained from Satureja bakhtiarica bung against ten human pathogenic bacteria were evaluated. Chemical compositions of essential oil were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method. Antibacterial activity of essential oil was evaluated by well diffusion method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by the macrodilution method. The GC-MS spectrums showed 13 compounds, in which the highest chemical composition was related to phenol (37.36%), thymol (22.65%) and p-cymen (19.29%) compounds. The essential oil of Satureja bakhtiarica bung showed good activity against all tested bacteria, except for Pseudomonas. aeruginosa, which is possibly due to the high levels of phenol in their compositions. The MIC and MBC values of the bacterial strains sensitive to the essential oil were in the ranges of 0.8 to 25 and 50 to 100 mg/ml, respectively. However, the essential oil of Satureja bakhtiarica bung is a suitable plant drug against human pathogenic bacteria.

Key words: Satureja bakhtiarica, antibacterial, essential oil.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 7 (6), pp. 001-007, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Biological screening of microbes isolated from soil of ex-tin mining land in Kampar Area

Ong, K. Y.¹, Chin, H. S.² and Teo, K. C.¹*

¹Faculty of Science, Department of Biomedical Science, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak D.R., Malaysia.

²Science and Technology Innovation Center, Microbiology Laboratory, Ansell Shah Alam Sdn. Bhd. Malaysia.

Accepted 26 September, 2019

Abstract

Soil samples from ex-tin mining area located in proximity to Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), Kampar campus was collected and cultured on nutrient agar plates. The morphological characteristics including basic staining, Gram staining and endospore staining of five selected isolates (SL1-5) were studied. All isolates had circular shape, opaque appearance and smooth surface. SL1, SL2 and SL3 were Gram-positive bacilli and endospore formers. SL4 and SL5 were Gram-negative cocci. The sensitivity test towards 17 types of antibiotics was carried out using the disc diffusion method. SL2, SL3 and SL4 were multidrug-resistant isolates. Prominently, SL4 was resistant to 10 types of antibiotics. Antibacterial activity against 11 types of bacteria was also evaluated. SL1 was found to produce antibacterial agent that inhibit the growth of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Protease, α-amylase, lipase and another 19 types of enzyme activity were screened using enzymatic assay and API ZYM kit assay. All isolates had proteolytic and lipolytic activities. SL1, SL2 and SL5 were able to produce protease enzyme whereas SL4 was able to produce phospholipase enzyme. In API ZYM assay, all isolates were able to produce esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8) and leucine arylamidase (Leu). However, α-amylase producer was absent. Further studies will be carried out to identify the species of all isolates.

Key words: Nutrient agar (NA), multidrug-resistant, disc diffusion, antibacterial assay, enzymatic assay.