African Journal of Parasitology Research

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 11 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2023. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Major trends in the microbial etiology of urinary tract infection

Ioana Florina Mihai¹, Alexandra Georgiana Lacatusu^1*, Florina Filip-Ciubotaru^1,2, Carmen Dorobat¹, C. Romanescu¹, Carmen Manciuc^1,2

St. Parascheva Infectious Disease Hospital, Iasi.

Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iasi.

Accepted 16 October, 2022

Abstract

Urinary tract infection (UTI) diagnosis is suggested by clinical findings (dysuria, pollakiuria) and confirmed by microbiological analysis of urine. Upon detection of pathogenic agents in the urine, antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) should precede targeted antibiotic treatment. The growing prevalence of multiple resistant strains is a factor that poses serious challenges to antimicrobial therapy. Purpose: The aim of the study is to evaluate microbial resistance in patients with UTI’s at the St. Parascheva Infectious Disease Hospital in Iasi, Romania. Results: Frequently occurring infectious agents in the lot included gram negative bacteria (GNB), Enterococcus sp. and Candida sp. A percent of 37.8 % of strains were beta-lactamase releasing. The authors also noted increased gram negative bacteria resistance to beta-lactams. Conclusions: The bacteria isolated in decreasing order by frequency were: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas, Enterococcusand Enterobacter. In order to avoid the occurrence of pan-resistant strains, treatment should be preceded by AST and maintained for an adequate period of time.

Keywords: urinary tract infection, resistance, E. coli, beta-lactams.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (10), pp. 001-015, October, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic diversity and multiplicity of Plasmodium falciparum infections in an urban setting of perennial and intense malaria transmission in southern Côte d'Ivoire 

Issa YEO ^1,2*, Kigbafori Dieudonné SILUE^1,2, Aristide Berenger AKO³, Karim TUO³, Stéphane Tossea KOUI³, Edjronké Marc Alexis BENIÉ^1,2, Xavier C. DING⁴, Bassirou BONFOH², Offianan André TOURɳ, Allico Joseph DJAMAN^1,3, Assanvo Simon-Pierre N’GUETTA¹

¹Unité de Formation et de Recherche Biosciences, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 01 BP V34, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

²Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire, 01 BP 1303, Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

³Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire, 01 BP 490 Abidjan 01, Côte d’Ivoire.

⁴FIND, Campus Biotech, 9 Ch. des Mines1202 Geneva, Switzerland.

Accepted 09, 2022 

Abstract

Malaria is the primary cause of clinical diagnostic examination and the major human pathology in tropical areas worldwide. In Côte d'Ivoire, it represents the principal cause of population death and studies focusing on better understanding the structure and the extent of genetic diversity among malaria pathogen strains, using molecular-based DNA markers are limited. This study was conducted to assess the pattern of genetic variability of malaria parasites and multiplicity of infection in a panel of 64 P. falciparum isolates, using msp-1 and msp-2 makers. Nested PCR methods used for the isolates genotyping showed high variability among pathogen strains with a total of 25 shared alleles. As msp-1 markers, K1 and MAD20 were highly polymorphic with five alleles each other. FC27 and 3D7 respectively detected 7 and 6 different allele-sizes for msp-2 markers. Furthermore, polyclonal infections were more frequent (92.20%) in infected patients and the mean value of He was 0.50 (msp-1) and 0.70 (msp-2). Relationships between MOI and patients’ age were poor but, parasitaemia only was correlated with IC50-QN (r= -0.236). Cluster analysis categorized the isolates into four main groups. The cluster 4 was only consisted of a single isolate (W634) genetically distinct from isolates within the other clusters. This study provides useful information that could be used as a guide for the currently implemented programs of malaria control strategies.

Keywords: Chemosensitivity, genotyping, markers, molecular, msp, MOI, Wassakara, Yopougon.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (6), pp. 001-008, June, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Distribution, antibiogram and multidrug resistance in Enterobacteriaceae from commercial poultry feeds in Nigeria

C. N. Ezekiel¹*, A. O. Olarinmoye², J. M. A. Oyinloye³, O. B. Olaoye¹ and A. O. Edun²

¹Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Babcock University, Nigeria.

²Department of Agriculture and Industrial Technology, Babcock University, P. M. B. 21244, Ikeja Lagos, Nigeria.

³Department of Biological Sciences, Achievers University, P. M. B. 1030, Owo, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 January, 2022

Abstract

The increasing incidence of enterobacteriosis in poultry birds in Nigeria lately necessitated the study which aimed at enumerating the Enterobacteriaceae in 58 commercially available poultry feeds, studying their antibiotic susceptibility pattern, confirming plasmid as the determinants of resistance and tracing the relationship between multidrug resistant (MDR) isolates in the feed and those in morbid birds. Fifty-three enterobacteria belonging to 5 genera: Escherichia, Salmonella, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Yersinia; were obtained from the feed samples. Escherichia coli was the most distributed enterobacteria in the feed types (80%). There was a significant (P<0.05) trend in overall percentage distribution of contaminating enterobacteria across feed types in the order: chick mash > broiler starter > broiler finisher > growers mash > layers mash. Augmentin, nitrofurantoin and amoxicillin showed the least overall potency (<30%) against all isolates while sensitivity to fluoroquinolones was above 70%. Multidrug (MD) resistance was limited to 32.1% of the isolates. The plasmid DNA profiles showed that 71.4% of the analyzed MDR strains possessed extrachromosomal determinants with relative sizes of 6.4 to 23.0 kb. The similarity studies showed that there was a direct relationship between MDR E. coli strains from the feed samples and those from morbid birds (S_i = 78.9%).

Key words: Enterobacteriaceae, poultry feed, antibiogram, multidrug resistance, plasmid.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2022.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A novel male-specific DNA sequence for river buffaloes

Borhan Shokrollahi¹* and Hassan Aryapour²

¹Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Department of Animal Science, School of agriculture, Kurdistan, Iran.

²Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch, Department of Biochemistry, School of basic sciences, Kurdistan, Iran.

Accepted 6 January, 2022

Abstract

In this paper, we report identification of a novel male-specific DNA marker in Iranian river buffalo presenting the possibility of river buffalo gender determination using Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR (RAPD-PCR). Twenty eight random primers used for RAPD fingerprinting in order to isolation and characterization of microsatellite sequences using PIMA (PCR- based isolation of microsatellite array). All sharp bands related to different primers were isolated from the gel and inserted to a cloning vector and transformed to competent cells for nucleotide sequencing. Sequences were used as queries for BLAST tool. BLAST results showed that a sequence had high similarity with a part sequence of cattle Y chromosome sequences deposited in GenBank. A pair of primers (IRBMS-F and -R) was designed based on the sequence for amplifying the male-specific band by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Iranian river buffalo gender detection. Gender-specific bands in the gel were observed in all males but not in females. This showed that the gender of Iranian river buffalo could be easily and effectively identified by PCR technique using these primers.

Key words: Random amplified polymorphic DNA-PCR, gender detection, river buffaloes, male specific DNA marker.

African Journal of Parasitology Research ISSN 2756-3391 Vol. 10 (4), pp. 001-012, April, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

The effects of nutritional restriction on neutral lipid accumulation in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella

Xiaodong Deng¹, Xiaowen Fei^1,2* and Yajun Li¹

¹Key Laboratory of Tropical Crop Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou 571101, China.

²Department of Biochemistry, Hainan Medical College, Haikou 571101, China.

Accepted 12 January, 2021

Abstract

Under nutrient starvation conditions, many microalgae are known to accumulate triacylglycerols (TAG) that can be used for biodiesel production. However, few studies have been performed to analyze the effect of deficiency in nutrient elements such as sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium and calcium on oil production, particularly in Chlamydomonas and Chlorella. In this study, we investigated lipid content of Chlamydomonas reinhaditti CC124 and Chlorella vulgaris Y-019 grown in TAP, HSM, BG11, SE lacking optimal concentrations of these elements. Our results showed that, in high carbon HSM and TAP media, N and S starvation led to significant increase in cellular lipid content in both microalgae species. In addition, C. reinhaditti grown in TAP media without P, Fe, K, Ca or Mg or in HSM media without K, Ca or Mg also accumulated detectably higher neutral lipids. In contrast, in C. vulgaris, such accumulation was observed only in Mg-free and Fe-free HSM media. In low carbon SE and BG11 media, N starvation resulted in a moderate increase in the lipids content both in C. reinhaditti and C. vulgaris. On the other hand, P, S, K, Ca or Mg deficiency promoted neutral lipids accumulation in C. vulgaris. Finally, we analyzed and discussed the relationships among cell growth rate, lipid accumulation and nitrogen concentrations in C. reinhaditti.

Key words: Nutrient limitation, lipid accumulation, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, potassium, iron, magnesium, calcium.