International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Enhancing the Nutritional Value of Ginger Lily Forage for Animal Feed through Urea Treatment

J. P. R. Borba, C. S. A. M. Maduro Dias, H. J. D. Rosa, C. F. M. Vouzela, O. A. Rego and A. E. S. Borba*

Agricultural Science Department, University of the Azores, CITA-A, Rua Capitão João d’Ávila, 9700-042 Angra do Heroísmo, Açores, Portugal. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: ++351295 204 400.

Received 26 June, 2023; Accepted 15 October, 2023

Abstract

Fiber availability is not always ensured in all year long grazing systems. In this context, low quality fiber feeds may be of relevance for bovine feeding. We propose, thus, to study the effect of adding 5% of urea (on a dry matter basis) on the chemical composition and nutritional value of Hedychium gardnerianum, Sheppard ex Ker-Gawl (ginger lily or Kahili ginger), a traditional fiber source used by Azorean farmers. Treatments were: green ginger lily as a control, addition of 5% urea on a DM basis to green ginger lily, with treatments lasting 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 days and addition of 5% urea on a DM basis to previously dried ginger lily, at day 0. The treatment afforded a significant (P<0.05) increase in crude protein, while maintaining the neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents, and a variation in the acid detergent lignin (ADL) content. No significant improvement in in vitro dry matter digestibility. The treatment with urea of the green forage does not have the same effect as in other low quality fiber feeds, namely straw, since ginger lily has much higher a Crude Protein value than those other fibrous feeds.

Key words: Hedychium gardnerianum, in vitro digestibility, urea treatment, roughage.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-006, April, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper
    
Impact of Lactation Stage, Calving Order, and Genetic Group on Milk Composition

Ruthele Moraes do Carmo, Marco Antônio Pereira da Silva* and Gustavo Machado Pereira

Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Goiano, Câmpus Rio Verde, Caixa Postal 66, 75.901-970 - Rio Verde - GO, Brazil. *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]

Received 9 April, 2023; Accepted 19 October, 2023

Abstract

Milk production and quality are influenced by environmental factors such as nutrition, genetic factors such as breed and physiological. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of lactation stage, delivery order and genetic group on the quality of milk from crossbred cows 3/4 Gyr, 7/8 Gyr and 15/16 Gyr. Fresh milk samples were collected from crossbred cows. Fat, protein, lactose, non fat dry extract (NDE) and somatic cell count (SCC) of milk according to lactation stage, delivery order of calving and genetic groups were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized. Tukey test at 5% probability was used. Animals at the final third of lactation (201 to 305 days) showed higher fat, protein, NDE and SCC levels when compared to animals of other lactation stages. First delivery animals produced milk with higher content of solids compared to animals with 2 deliveries and above three deliveries. First calving the animals produced milk with higher solids content compared to animals with two calving and above three calving. Fat, protein and NDE results of fresh milk were consistent with limits established by the Brazilian legislation for milk quality, regardless of lactation stage, delivery order of calving and genetic group. Milk SCC was higher in cows in advanced lactation stage, The results were however below limits required by law. 3/4 crossbred Gyr cows showed higher SCC, with average values above limit established by current legislation.

Key words: Somatic cell count (SCC), fat, non fat dry extract (NDE), fresh milk.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-010, March, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Review

Mitigating Air Pollution from Poultry Farming in Brazil: Insights and Solutions for a Cleaner Environment

Felipe Santos Dalólio¹*, Jadir Nogueira da Silva¹, Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino², Joerley Moreira³ and Luciano Barreto Mendes⁴

¹Department of Agricultural Engineering, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais,
36570-000, Brasil.
²Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Viçosa, Av. Peter Henry Rolfs, s/n, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-
000, Brasil.
³Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vales of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri, Campus Diamantina, Rodovia
MG 367, nº 5000 – Alto do Jacuba, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, 39100-000, Brasil.
⁴Institute for Agricultural and Fisheries Research Technology and Food Science - Agricultural Engineering, Burg. Van
Gansberghelaan 115 bus 1 - 9820 Merelbeke – Belgium. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: 555(38)98643655.

Received 27 August, 2023; Accepted 15 October, 2023

Abstract

The Brazilian broiler industry is the most prominent branch in farming, due to its high levels of productivity. However, there is a growing concern about the environmental damages caused by such an activity, in special the atmospheric air pollution, as a consequence of the high volume of residues generated and the damages made to the environment. Air pollution, despite being most of the time detected by undesirable odoriferous substances, can be caused by numerous atmospheric pollutants such as particulate matter, odorless gases, non-volatile compounds, amongst others. This negatively impacts the health of both humans and animals, as well as of the surrounding ecosystem. Broiler production can be understood as a range of steps necessary to poultry meat production. Hence, their emissions can be computed all the way from the grain production, the feed fabrication, the poultry farming to, finally, the slaughtering and recycling of animal based products. As the poultry chain is well-segmented in its functions, it is necessary to establish and quantify the real impacts caused by its sectors and define mitigation controlling measures in regards to air pollutants.

Key words: Air quality, atmospheric pollutants, control, environment, productivity.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2024. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Causing Colibacillosis in Broiler Farms in Eastern Algeria

Chafik Redha Messaï^1,2, Khatima Aït-Oudhia^1,2, Djamel Khelef^1,2*, Taha Mossadek Hamdi^1,2, Nadia Safia Chenouf³ and Mohamed Ramzi Messaï⁴

¹High National Veterinary School of Algiers, BP 161 Hacène Badi, EL Harrach, Algiers, Algeria. ²Research Laboratory, Food Hygiene and Quality Assurance System (HASAQ), High National Veterinary School of Algiers, BP 161 Hacène Badi, EL Harrach, Algiers, Algeria. ³Exploration laboratory and recovery of steppe ecosystems, University of Ziane Achour Djelfa, Algeria. 4SAND George Hospital Centre, Service Chopin Bourges, France. *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel: (+213) 0773012972.

Received 28 May, 2023; Accepted 25 September, 2023

Abstract

In East Algeria, 100 Escherichia coli strains were isolated from livers and spleens of 120 broiler carcasses that presented colibacillosis lesions at autopsy. Serogrouping of these strains demonstrated that 83% of their serogroups belong to the most pathogenic serogroups of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC): O1 (14%), O2 (53%) and O78 (16%). In vitro susceptibility to antimicrobials of veterinary significance was determined by disc diffusion test. Antibiogram demonstrated a high level of resistance to enrofloxacin (82%), trimethoprim-sulfmethoxazole (82%), ampicillin (89%) and amoxicillin/ Ac clavulanic (90%), nalidixic acid (99%) and tetracycline (100%). There were moderate levels of resistance to neomycin (49%) and nitrofurantoin (53%). There were low levels of resistance to gentamicin (2%), chloramphenicol (13%) and no resistance to colistin sulfate (0%). All strains were multi-drug resistant and more than half (58%) of the isolates were resistant to seven antibiotics at least. Thus, thirty one antibiotic resistant patterns of E. coli strains were detected, of which 11 were present significantly. Co-resistance was found in eight of the eleven most common multidrug resistant patterns, 62% of the strains expressed this co-resistance. E. coli strains isolated expressed resistances to molecules that are routinely used in the field. It is clear that these are less effective against colibacillosis. It is more than ever necessary to perform antibiotic susceptibility testing prior to treatment in order to prescribe the molecule of choice, and set up a monitoring program in Algeria to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria that could be potentially transmitted to humans from animal food.

Key words: Algeria, antibiotic resistance, colibacillosis, Escherichia coli, serogroups.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-009, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Canagliflozin and metformin on metabolic abnormalities in obese diabetic rat models

Mohamed-Assem S. Marie¹, Nadia Mohamed Said Arafa^2,3* and Sara Abdullah Mubarak Alazimi³

¹Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt.

²Faculty of Science, Biology Department, Jazan University Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

³National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Department of Physiology, Cairo, Egypt.

Accepted 9 November, 2023

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the effect of canagliflozin (CAN) or metformin (MET) on investigated biochemical parameters in obese diabetic rat model. Obesity induced by melted butter administration and hyperlipidemic rats were subjected to streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg i.p) to develop the diabetic model (D). Animals were grouped as control (C), D none treated and diabetic treated with CAN (10 mg/kg) or MET (100 mg/kg) for two and four weeks. Both treated groups showed significant reduction in body weight and CAN group exhibited significant decrease in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) as compared to D or MET group in the experimental periods. Both drugs showed hypolipidemic activity by reducing total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and elevating high-density lipoprotein (HDL) as compared to D group values in the two intervals with advantage in MET effect. Both treatments achieved significant reduction in the diabetic elevated serum values for liver and kidney functions. These results indicate that butter high-fat diet and low dose of STZ makes normal male adult rat associated with hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance and disturbed liver and kidney functions. Treatment by either CAN or MET resisted the metabolism disturbance of the butter high fat diet/STZ -induced obese type 2 diabetes mellitus rats.

Key words: Canagliflozin, metformin, obese diabetic rats, glucose intolerance, biochemical parameters.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 13 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2024. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Sustainable agricultural practices in Nigeria: The integration of crop-livestock farming

Ezeaku, I. E.*, Mbah, B. N., Baiyeri, K. P. and Okechukwu, E. C.

Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

Accepted 29 October, 2023

Abstract

Integrated crop-livestock is advocated to be very promising in boosting food productivity and soil fertility in Nigeria owing to its numerous synergistic benefits as outlined in this review. Particularly, the system will be very suitable in the savannah regions of the country where livestock production is predominant. Although integrated crop-livestock farming has been in existence in these regions, it is typically cereal based-livestock system resulting in perennial depletion of soil fertility. Introduction of legumes into the system to form cereal-legume-livestock system can function as a key integrating factor through improvement of soil fertility, provision of healthy protein in the human diet and fodder for livestock consumption. This paper therefore, aimed to review the benefits of introduction of legumes like cowpea into the long existing cereal based livestock farming in Nigeria, particularly in the savannah regions of the country in order to boost food security and income of the farmers. The review showed that incorporation of cowpea into the system will in greater measure increase the overall food productivity, ensures sustainability of the soil fertility and substantially improves the income of the farmers in the country.

Key words: Cowpea fodder, soil fertility, food security, nutrient cycling.