ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-008, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of cellulase-glucanase-xylanase combination on the nutritive value of Telfairia occidentalis leaf meal in broiler diets
A. O. Fasuyi* and O. A. Kehinde
Department of Animal Production and Health Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 September, 2017
Abstract
Telfairia occidentalis leaves were purchased fresh from local farmers, sun dried and milled into T. occidentalis leaf meal (TOLM) . The proximate analyses revealed that TOLM contained 35.14 ± 0.44% crude protein; 9.61 ± 0.01% fat; 12.68 ± 0.02% crude fibre; 10.87 ± 0.02% ash; 9.04 ± 0.13% dry matter and 3.25 ± 0.01 kcal/ g gross energy. Eight broiler starter diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous. Diet 1 was duplicated such that the enzyme combination of cellulase, glucanase and xylanase (Roxazyme G2) was incorporated into one while Roxazyme G2 was lacking in the other (control diets 1a & 1b, with and without enzyme supplementation). Diets 2 and 3 were duplicate diets at 10% TOLM inclusion levels with the only difference being the Roxazyme G2 supplementation in diet 3. Diets 4 and 5 were also duplicates at 20% TOLM inclusion level with Roxazyme G2 supplementation in diet 5. Diets 6 and 7 at 30% TOLM inclusion were also in duplicate with diet 7 having Roxazyme G2 supplementation. The weight gain (WG) value for chickens on diet 1b with enzyme supplementation was highest at 19.51 ± 2.10g/chick although similar (P > 0.05) to WG values for birds on diets 1a (without enzyme supplementation), 2 and 3 while diet 7 with 30% TOLM inclusion with Roxazyme G2 supplementation had the lowest WG of 11.09 ± 0.39g/chick. Feed consumption (FC) was similar and higher in birds on diets 1a & b, 2 and 3. FC was also similar and lower in birds on diets 4, 5, 6 and 7. Feed conversion ratios did not differ significantly among the experimental diets except Diet 7. The operative protein efficiency ratio (PER) was higher and similar (P > 0.05) for birds on diets 1a & b, 2 and 3 on one hand and lower and similar (P>0.05) for birds on diets 4, 5, 6 and 7 on the other hand. The nitrogen retention (NR) value was highest for diet 1b (with enzyme supplementation) at 72.37 ± 0.10 but similar (P > 0.05) to birds on diets 1a, 4 and 5. There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) among means of the heamatological parameters tested. The mortality during the experimental period was insignificant and less than 1% of the total number of birds used.
Key words: Enzyme supplementation, leaf meal, Roxazyme G2, chicks, poultry feed.
O. A. Kehinde, A. O. Fasuyi*
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1098Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of Theileria parva ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) homolog
Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari1* and Richard T. Kangethe2
1Department of Biochemistry, Delta State University, P. M. B. 1, Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya.
Accepted 02 September, 2017
Abstract
East coast fever (ECF) is a severe lymphoproliferative disease of cattle caused by the intracellular protozoan Theileria parva from the phylum Apicomplexa. Gene homologs encoding antigens from other apicomplexan parasites constitute a source of vaccine candidate antigens. The ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) protein is a vaccine candidate for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum and should be evaluated for inclusion in a subunit vaccine against ECF. Here we isolated and sequenced the T. parva RESA2 homolog and compared it to that of the malaria parasite, P. falciparum. The deduced amino acid sequence of the T. parva RESA2 gene is very similar to the P. falciparum RESA protein (38% identity).
Key words: Theileria parva, vaccine, ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen 2 (RESA2), apicomplexan antigens, homolog screen.
Richard T. Kangethe, Nyerhovwo J. Tonukari*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1097Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative biochemical studies of the pregnant and non pregnant uterine limbs of the frugivorous bat, Eidolon helvum
Samson A. Odukoya1*, David A. Ofusori2, Olusola A. Adeeyo3, Oladele A. Ayoka4, Taiwo A. Abayomi5, Sunday A. Ajayi5 and Benedict A. Falana5
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo, Osun State, Nigeria.
2Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
3Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
4Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
5Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun State, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 July, 2017
Abstract
Biochemical differences existing in the two uteri limbs during the pregnant state in the fungivorous bat (Eidolon helvum) were investigated. A total of twenty female pregnant bats were studied. They were harvested on the Obafemi Awolowo University Campus at different times to assess the different stages in their gestation and uterine cycle. The animals after being carefully assessed screened and confirmed to be presumably healthy were sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Abdominopelvic incisions were made on them to expose and excise their uteri. The pregnant and non pregnant uteri were divided into four parts; the right uterine limb, the left uterine limb, the placenta, and the uterine body. The different parts were assayed for their total protein concentrations, Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) activities. This study has shown that the uterine limbs actively utilized different metabolic pathways according to the functions they subserve during pregnancy. The pregnant limb utilizes the Embden Meyerhof pathway more while the non pregnant limb utilizes the Hexose Mono Phosphate Shunt actively.
Key words: Eidolon helvum, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, total protein, uterus.
Sunday A. Ajayi and Benedict A. Falana, Oladele A. Ayoka, Taiwo A. Abayomi, Samson A. Odukoya*, Olusola A. Adeeyo, David A. Ofusori
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1096Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Anticestodal activity and toxicity of some praziquantel analogues
A. E. M. Saeed1*, E. I. Abdelkarim1, B. M. Ahmed1, K. E. Ibrahim1, I . S . A . Hafiz2, M. I. Suliman1 and O. S. A. Mohammed2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Khartoum North, Sudan.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production , Sudan University for Science and Technology, P.O. Box 204, Khartoum North, Sudan.
Accepted 07 July, 2017
Abstract
Four hundred - 21 days old male Bovans type chicks in 10 groups were infected with Raillietina tetragona cystcercoids. 6 groups treated with the N-alkyl/COOR derivatives of the open lactam form of praziquantel (PZQ ) in oral dose of 20 mg/kg body weight on day 21 and on day 24 post infection. The open lactam form compounds showed an efficacy of 40, 100, 100, 100, 74 and 56% on the first dose and an efficacy of 50, 100, 100, 100, 100 and 100% respectively on the second dose. Histopathological, haematological and biochemical alterations were evaluated, accordingly no serious signs of toxicity were observed in the birds treated with the different compounds tested.
Key words: PZQ, structure activity relationship, efficacy, toxicity, Raillietina tetragona.
I . S . A . Hafiz, K. E. Ibrahim, B. M. Ahmed, E. I. Abdelkarim, M. I. Suliman and O. S. A. Mohammed, A. E. M. Saeed*
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1095Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Efficacy of Ocimum kilimandscharicum plant extracts after four years of storage against Anopheles gambiae ss
Eliningaya J. Kweka1*, Hassan M. Nkya2, Lucile Lyaruu1, Epiphania E. Kimaro1 Beda J. Mwang’onde1 and Aneth M. Mahande3
1Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Division of Livestock and Human Diseases Vector Control, P.O. Box 3024, Arusha, Tanzania.
2Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute, P. O. Box 661, Arusha, Tanzania.
3Tropical Pesticides Research Institute, Mabogini field station, Moshi, Tanzania.
Accepted 19 April, 2017
Abstract
Reducing vector-human contact is of priority in breaking the transmission chain of malaria parasites. The use of plant extracts as repellents against malaria vectors have been advocated in different studies. The feeding inhibition of four years old Ocimum kilimandscharicum in liquid paraffin or glycerin was compared with N, N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) using cage evaluation method. The four years old extracts of O. kilimandscharicum performed similarly when mixed either in glycerine or liquid paraffin. Blood feeding succession was highest in negative control (glycerine/liquid paraffin alone) while low in OK and DEET. Therefore, promotion of plant extracts for commercialization is of priority in rural Tanzania where whole plants are currently used as repellents against malaria vectors.
Key words: Ocimum kilimandscharicum, DEET, Anopheles gambiae s.s, feeding inhibition.
Lucile Lyaruu, Epiphania E. Kimaro Beda J. Mwang’onde and Aneth M. Mahande, Eliningaya J. Kweka*, Hassan M. Nkya
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1094Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (8), pp. 001-007, August, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Evaluation of the endemicity of urinary schistosomiasis amongst school aged children of the Kotto-Barombi South West Cameroon
L. Nkengazong1, F. Njiokou1*, F. Teukeng1, P. Enyong2,3 and S. Wanji3,4
1Laboratory of General Biology, Department of Animal Biology and Physiology, Faculty of Science, P.O Box 812, Yaoundé, University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon.
2Tropical Medicine Research Station, Kumba, P. O. Box 555, Kumba, Cameroon.
3Research Foundation for Tropical Diseases and Environment, P. O. Box 474, Buea, Cameroon.
4Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, P. O. Box 63, Buea, Cameroon.
Accepted 22 July, 2017
Abstract
The level of infestation and mechanism of persistence of urinary schistosomiasis was determined in two villages (Kotto Barombi and Marumba II) by conducting a survey on school children from May 2007 to May 2008. Urine samples were collected from 418 children and examined using filtration technique. All participants were subsequently treated by Praziquantel. Drug efficacy and incidence rate were assessed 3 months and 1 year later respectively. The initial prevalence (50.8%) of S. haematobium was 69.5% (Kotto Barombi) and 41.3% (Marumba II).The prevalence differed significantly between the villages (P = 0.004). The mean parasite load of 211.3 (Kotto Barombi) and 39.62 (Marumba II) eggs/10 ml of urine differed significantly (P = 0.0001) and between the quarters (Mainland and Island) in Kotto Barombi (P = 0.007). Praziquantel was highly efficacious on schistosome worms, with a global cure rate (CR) and egg reduction rate (ERR) of 97.2 and 99.2% respectively. These values were 100% in Kotto Barombi, 88.1% (CR) and 79.8% (ERR) in Marumba II. The overall incidence rate was 13.5%: Kotto Barombi (13.5%), Marumba II (13.7%).These results suggest that the initial prevalence (50.8%) may be reached soon, if the WHO recommendations (appropriate health education and snails’ control) are not effectively implemented.
Key words: Urinary schistosomiasis, S. haematobium, prevalence, parasite load, drug efficacy, cure rate, egg reduction rate, incidence rate, Kotto Barombi, Marumba II.
F. Njiokou*, L. Nkengazong, P. Enyong and S. Wanji, F. Teukeng
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1093