International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphine is an exogenous ligand for MrgX2, a G protein-coupled receptor for cortistatin

Natsuyo Akuzawa¹, Hideru Obinata ², Takashi Izumi² and Shigeki Takeda¹*

¹Department of Nano-Material Systems, Graduate School of Engineering, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan.

²Department of Molecular Biochemistry, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.

Accepted 14 March, 2019

Abstract

MrgX2 is reported to be expressed in a specific subset of dorsal root ganglion sensory neurons, and it is activated by the endogenous peptides, cortistatin and proadrenomedullin N-terminal peptide. Here, we show that morphine but not opioid peptides stimulated a dose-dependent increase of the intracellular calcium ion level in MrgX2-expressing cells. Naloxone, an opioid receptor antagonist, did not influence these reactions. It was previously reported that the m-opioid receptor did not show morphine dependent desensitization and internalization. In contrast, we detected morphine induced MrgX2 desensitization and internalization. Since MrgX2 gave a similar EC₅₀ value for morphine with the - and - opioid receptors, we consider that MrgX2 could be the physiological morphine receptor. It was reported that some morphine effects (e.g., morphine-induced hyperalgesia) were observed even in the presence of an opioid receptor antagonist. Therefore, we propose the importance of studying MrgX2 together with the classical opioid receptors for the investigation of morphine effects.

Key words: morphine, G protein-coupled receptor, MrgX2, desensitization, internalization.

Key words: lipoprotein metabolism, obesity.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Developmental competence, birth and survival of lambs following transfer of twin or triple embryos of dwarf size prolific donor into large size non-prolific recipient sheep

S.  M. K. Naqvi¹, A. Joshi¹, D. Kumar¹, R. Gulyani¹, V. P Maurya¹, S. Saha¹, J. P. Mittal¹and V. K. Singh²

¹Embryo Transfer Technology Laboratory, Division of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar, (Via –Jaipur), Rajasthan-304501, India.

²Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute, Avikanagar (Via-Jaipur) Rajasthan 304501, India.

Accepted 08 January, 2019

Abstract

The objective of the present study was to assess the embryo survival and development of progeny following transfer of either 2 or 3 embryos derived from dwarf size prolific Garole sheep into non-prolific large size Awassi x Malpura crossbred recipient ewes. Embryos were collected from donor ewes following induction of superovulation using FSH (5.4 mg Ovagen) and PMSG (200 IU) regimen. Estrus was synchronized in donor and recipient ewes by administering two injections of prostaglandin F₂ a. The recipient ewes were divided into two groups and each recipient ewe received either 2 (Group 1) or 3 embryos (Group 2) of transferable quality in the uterine horn ipsilateral to corpus luteum. The recipient ewes of both the groups were examined for the presence of fetuses at 40 days of gestation by ultrasonography. The pregnancy and lambing percentages of ewes belonging to Group 2 were 57%, which was comparatively higher than Group 1 ewes where it was 42.9%. The survival of embryos was 38.1% in Group 2 and was higher compared to Group 1 (28.6%). The survival of lambs at weaning was higher in Group 1, compared to Group 2. The results indicate that survival of embryos and pregnancy rate was better following transfer of 3 than 2 embryos of prolific sheep to non-prolific sheep.

Key words: Microsheep, garole, embryo transfer, embryo survival, multiple births.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-004, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Reproductive fitness of stressed female broodstock of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1809)

Aiyelari, T. A., Adebayo, I. A. and Osiyemi, A. S.

Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries Management, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria P. M. B 5363 Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.

Accepted 13 December, 2018

Abstract

Reproductive fitness of female brood stock of Clarias gariepinus was determined using three different stress conditions; confinement and starvation for 12 hours before hormone injection; keeping fish out of water after hormone treatment (Latency period) and transportation. Broodstock of eight months old with an average weight ranging between 450 and 750 g were used for the experiment. There was no significant different (p>0.05) in hatchability of eggs among the stressed conditions. Survivability of fry within twenty one days of hatching was also not significantly different (p>0.05) among the conditions. Whatever mortality observed in injected females was attributed to stress while fry mortality was due to cannibalism as a result of congestion. The result showed that female broodstock of C. gariepinus can accommodate or withstand some level of stress beyond which damaging effects may be seen in the reproductive performance.

Key words: Reproductive fitness Stress conditions Clarias gariepinus broodstock.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antilipidemic effect of chitosan against experimentally induced myocardial infarction in rats

R. Sivakumar¹, R. Rajesh¹, S. Buddhan¹, R. Jeyakumar¹, D. Rajaprabhu¹, B. Ganesan^1,2, R. Anandan^2*

¹Vinayaka Missions University, Ariyanoor, Salem-636308, Tamil Nadu, India.

²Biochemistry and Nutrition Division, Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Matsyapuri (PO), Cochin-682029, India.

Accepted 16 November, 2018

Abstract 

Myocardial infarction is a major public health concern and the leading cause of death all over the world. A better understanding of the processes involved in myocardial infarction has stimulated the search for new drugs, which could limit the myocardial injury. In the present study, an attempt has been made to examine the preventive effects of chitosan, a marine polysaccharide, on isoprenaline- induced myocardial infarction in male albino rats, an animal model for myocardial infarction of human beings. Dietary supplementation of 2% chitosan for 60 days significantly reduced the isoprenaline-induced elevation in the levels of plasma diagnostic marker enzymes and maintained the level of myocardial taurine content at near normal. It exerted significant anitlipidemic effect against isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction by maintaining the level of cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids in plasma and heart tissue at the levels comparable to that of control animals. Also chitosan supplementation significantly prevented isoprenaline-induced lipid peroxidation and maintained the reduced glutathione content in plasma and heart tissue at near normalcy. The results of the present investigation indicated that the cardioprotective effect of chitosan might be ascribable to the hypolipidemic property and/or antioxidant nature of chitosan.

Key words: Isoprenaline, diagnostic marker enzymes, taurine, lipids, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione.