ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Unbiased stereological and histological study of silymarin effects on hamster adrenocortical structure in response to an exogenous glucocorticoid
Hamidian, Gh.1*, Alboghobeish, N.1, Najafzadeh Varzi, H.2 and Esmaeilzadeh, S.3
1Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
2Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
3Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran.
Accepted 19 January, 2017
Abstract
Adrenal cortex is an essential portion for life and its function can be affected by many chemical agents and drugs. In this investigation, effect of silymarin, a flavonoid, on adrenocortical structure of male dexamethasone (Dexa) treated hamsters were studied by histological and unbiased stereological techniques. The results showed that the adrenal gland mass of Dexa treated hamsters was significantly decreased in comparison to animals that received Dexa with silymarin (Sily). It was also obtained that there are no significant difference in the zona glomerulosa (ZG) volume and cell number among examined groups. The volume of the cortex, zona fasciculata (ZF) and zona reticularis (ZR) and cell number of these regions were significantly reduced in Dexa treated hamsters compared to controls (P<0.05), whereas in Dexa + Sily treated animals, this reduction was not observed. Histological results showed that tissue structure of ZF and ZR was same in all groups except Dexa treated animals. In the hamster that received Dexa, a sever hyperemia was observed in the adrenal cortex. Finally it can be concluded that silymarin seem to be a suitable protective drug for side effect of glucocorticoid therapy in adrenal glands.
Key words: Adrenal cortex, dexamethasone, hamster, glucocorticoid, silymarin, unbiased stereology.
Alboghobeish , S , H and Esmaeilzadeh, Najafzadeh Varzi, Hamidian , N , Gh*
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1086Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (4), pp. 001-005, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Epidermal sense organs of the Gekkonid Tropicolotes tripolitanus Peters 1880
l. Hassan El-Sayyad*, W.F. Mohamed Yonis, F. F. Mohamed Bayomy and Somia Shalaby.
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University and Minufiya University, Egypt.
Accepted 20 February, 2017
Abstract
Seven Juvenile stages (I,II,III,IV,V,VI and vii) of the Gekkonid Tropicolotes tripolitanus, Peter, (1880) were investigated. Scannin electron microscopic examination of the dorsal skin of head and trunk region exhibited the presence of lenticular epidermal sense organs with characteristic emerging hair let structures of different forms according to the studied developmental stages. At SEM, stage I and II exhibited similar epidermal scale taking triangular structures with lenticular sensory organ having only 1 or 2 sensory filaments. At stage III, 2 types of epidermal scales were detected larger (old) and small (regenerated) with marked increase of sensory organs especially in trunk region. During the proceeding stages, the regenerated scales become more numerous and spread in-between the degenerated old ones.
Key words: Gekkonid Tropicolotes tripolitanus,Epidermal sense organs
l. Hassan El-Sayyad*, F. F. Mohamed Bayomy and Somia Shalaby., W.F. Mohamed Yonis
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1085Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 6 (4), pp. 001-008, April, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Biological characteristics of the Bungarus candidus venom due to geographical variation
L. Chanhome1,2*, O. Khow 1, S. Puempunpanich 1, V. Sitprija1 and N. Chaiyabutr 1,2
1Queen Saovabha Memorial Institute, the Thai Red Cross Society, Rama IV Rd., Bangkok 10330 Thailand.
2Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henry Dunant Rd., Bangkok 10330 Thailand.
Accepted 15 January, 2017
Abstract
The objective of this study was to compare the biological characteristics of the venom of the snake Bungarus candidus from three different localities of Thailand (wild- caught groups) and from a captive-born group in aspects of the lethal toxicity, the enzymatic activities, and the molecular weight of protein components. All venom samples exhibited no significant differences in lethal toxicity and the enzymatic activities of phospholipase A2, protease, phosphodiesterase and hyaluronidase. Significant differences between the wild-caught groups and the captive-born group exhibited in the activities of acetylcholinesterase, L- amino acid oxidase and phosphomonoesterase. Among the wild-caught groups, the enzymatic activities revealed significant differences in acetylcholinesterase, phosphomonoesterase and hyaluronidase. All B. candidus venom groups exhibited high lethal toxicity, high activities of phospholipase A2, acetylcholinesterase and L-amino acid oxidase, moderate activities of hyaluronidase and phosphomonoesterase and low activities of phosphodiesterase and protease. The protein components revealed variation in SDS-PAGE pattern at the molecular weight in all groups in the range of 7.1 – 41.3 kDa.
Key words: Snake venom, Bungarus candidus, biological characteristics, geographical variation, Thailand.
S. Puempunpanich, O. Khow, V. Sitprija and N. Chaiyabutr, L. Chanhome*
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1084Review
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 6790-4823 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Effect of molecular markers in horticultural crop breeding program
*Agbiliko Marvelous, Oniorha Godson and Bamedele Augustine
Fruits and Biotechnology Program, National Horticultural Research Institute, Idi-Ishin, P. M. B. 5432, Ibadan, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 18 November, 2016
Abstract
Mapping and tagging of agriculturally important genes have been greatly facilitated by an array of molecular markers in crop plants. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) is gaining considerable importance as it would improve the efficiency of plant breeding through precise transfer of genomic regions of interest (foreground selection) and accelerate the recovery of the recurrent parent genome (background selection). MAS have been widely used for simple inherited traits than for polygenic traits, although there are few success stories in improving quantitative traits through MAS. They are been used to monitor DNA sequence variation in and among the species and create new sources of genetic variation by introducing new and favourable traits from landraces, wild relatives and related species and to fasten the time taken in conventional breeding, germplasm characterization, genetic mapping, gene tagging and gene introgression from exotic and wild species. The success of MAS depend on many critical factors such as the number of target genes to be transferred, the distance between the target gene and the flanking markers, number of genotypes selected in each breeding generation, the nature of germplasm and the technical options available at the marker level. The power and efficiency of genotyping are expected to improve with the advent of markers like single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). Although genetic maps have been developed for most important fruit and vegetables species and a number of horticulturally important gene loci have been tagged, only a few are reported. New, easy to perform allele testing methods are needed to bridge this large gap between marker development and application. This review discusses the basic requirements and the potential applications of MAS and the significance of integrating MAS into conventional plant breeding programmes.
Key words: DNA sequence, gene introgression, genetic maps, germplasm characterization, polygenic traits.
*D. O. Ibitoye*, P. E. Akin-Idowu
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1083Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 6790-4823 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-009, October, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Negative genetic trends in milk production traits in the central tropical highlands of Ethiopia
*Teferra E. Paulos, Wilfred Mideksa and Mesfin Senait
Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research, Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P. O. Box 2003, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 14 September, 2016
Abstract
A total of 1979 lactation records from 550 selected crossbred dairy cows that born between 1974 and 2005 were used to estimate annual genetic and environmental trends in milk production and reproduction traits at Holetta Agricultural Research Center, Ethiopia. Annual genetic and environmental trends were estimated by regressing BLUP estimated breeding value on year of birth. Variance components and genetic parameters were estimated using univariate analysis of individual animal model based on restricted maximum likelihood procedures. Annual genetic trends were -3.384 days, - 8.00 kg and -5.96 kg, -0.26 months, -0.29 months and -0.88 days, for lactation length (LL), lactation milk yield (LMY), adjusted 305 milk yield (305-days MY), age at puberty (APU), age at first calving (AFC) and calving interval (CI), respectively. Environmental trends for LMY was positive (6.717 kg) and was in the desired direction. Heritability estimates were 0.14, 0.44, 0.39, 0.38, 0.40 and 0.17 for LL, LMY, 305-d MY, APU, AFC and CI, respectively. Negative genetic trends in all milk production traits reflect ineffective selection program and/or lack of using sires that have positive breeding values. The result from the environmental trends shows substantial improvement in the management practices over time. Contrasting directions in genetic and environmental trends reflect ineffective breeding objectives. This warrants reconsideration of the existing breeding program in the country.
Key words: Genetic trends, environmental trends, genetic parameters, breeding objectives, variance components.
*Teferra E. Paulos, Wilfred Mideksa and Mesfin Senait
Page: 1 - 9
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1082Review
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 6790-4823 Vol. 1 (4), pp. 029-035, September, 2017. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Relevance of genomic technologies to the advancement of meat quality in farm animals
*Taraneh H. Ebtekar, Jafar Soroush and Abolhassan Shariati
Department of Animal Science, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 16 August, 2016
Abstract
Meat quality is one of the most important economic traits in farm animals. The goal of genomics technologies is to provide genetic map and other resources to identify loci responsible for genetic variation in quantitative traits such as meat quality. Candidate gene and genome scanning are two main techniques for this purpose. In the past decade, advances in molecular genetics led to identify these genes and markers linked to them. Sequencing of animal genome is important to distinguish gene function and molecular basis of meat quality determinants. Candidate gene considers relationship between the traits of interest and known genes, while genome scanning studies relationship between traits and pre-mapped markers. So far, several genes and sequences were detected which affect meat quality, for example quantitative trait loci (QTL) on chromosome 18 in sheep which causes muscle hypertrophy. The aim of this review is introduce and applications of genomic technologies to the improvement of meat quality.
Key words: Genomics technologies, meat quality, candidate gene, genome scanning.
*Taraneh H. Ebtekar, Jafar Soroush and Abolhassan Shariati
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1081