ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 5 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2016. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Accumulation and translocation of dry matter and nitrogen in different purple corn hybrids (ZEA MAYS L.)
Zhu Min1, Ge Yun-xia2, Li feng-hai1, Wang Zhi -bin1, Wang Hong-wei1 and Shi Zhen-sheng1*
1College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China.
2College of Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 10 May, 2015
Abstract
In this study, five purple corn hybrids (ZS7615, ZF7139, FS7011, FG5701, 68G1) and one commercial grain hybrid ZD958 were studied to investigate the changes in accumulation, partitioning and translocation of dry matter and N. Results indicated that the total aboveground dry matter of all hybrids increased from anthesis to maturity. Conversely, the dry matter of vegetative organs significantly decreased. All hybrids exhibited an obvious trend of decrease in concentrations of N from seedling stage to maturity. However, N accumulations had reversely changes. Of all the purple corn hybrids, the hybrid 68G1 had a relatively higher grain yield, grain N and dry matter of husk and cob which had the highest anthocyanins. The harvest index and N harvest index of 68G1 were also higher than other purple corn hybrids. There was a significant correlation between grain yield and harvest index and grain N. The findings are helpful to make a nutrient regime recommendation for purple corn production. It also suggests a further genetic improvement for breeding new purple corn hybrid which had both higher grain yield and aboveground dry matter.
Key words: Purple corn, dry matter, nitrogen, partitioning, anthocyanins.
Li feng-hai, Zhu Min, Wang Zhi -bin, Wang Hong-wei and Shi Zhen-sheng*, Ge Yun-xia
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1054Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 4 (11), pp. 001-007, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The effects of dietary fat, vitamin E and zinc supplementation on fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of muscle thigh in broilers under heat stress
R. Vakili* and A. A. Rashidi
Department of animal science, Islamic Azad University- Kashmar Branch, Kashmar, Iran.
Accepted 10 May, 2015
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to characterize the relationship between dietary fat and antioxidant supplementation on performance, fatty acids profile and lipid oxidation of thigh meat stored under refrigeration in broilers under heat stress. The chicks with a similar body weight were equally assigned to one of the two controlled-environment chambers from 21 to 56 day of age. The birds fed diets as: 1) basal diet supplemented with 5% saturated fatty acid, 2) basal diet supplemented with 5% unsaturated fatty acids (2% canola oil plus 3% fish oil); and 3) The second diet supplemented with antioxidant (100 IU vitamin E and 50 mg/kg zinc); that birds received this 3 diet in two temperature (22 and 32°C). Results showed that feed conversion ratio was not influenced by fat type, but on live body weight and feed Intake had significant effect (P<0.05). High environmental temperature showed deleterious effects including: reduction of feed intake, and live body weight and increasing of feed conversion ratio. Proportion of omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) of thigh was increased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decreased in heat exposed and tallow-fed chicks. Whereas the proportion of omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) of thigh was decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased in chicks fed with canola and fish oils. Fat content and gross energy of thigh in heat exposed and canola and fish oils with antioxidant fed chicks were higher than other treatments. Proportion of omega-6 to omega-3 (n-6/n-3) of thigh was decreased and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) increased in chicks fed with canola and fish oils. Inclusion of canola and fish oils supplementations increased lipid oxidation of thigh muscle based on TBARA values. Thiobarbituric acid reaction substances (TBARA) values of thigh muscle in chicks fed canola and fish oils reared under heat stress was higher than other treatments. Increasing dietary antioxidants decreased TBARA values of thigh muscle.
Kay words: Broilers, heat stress, dietary fat, fatty acids profile, thigh.
A. A. Rashidi, R. Vakili*
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1053Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 4 (11), pp. 001-006, November, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative study of the effect of alternative and antibiotic feed additives on the performance and intestinal histomorphometrical parameters of broiler chickens
Reza Sayrafi1*, Farhad Soltanalinejad1, Rasoul Shahrooz1 and Shaban Rahimi2
1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
2Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 09 April, 2015
Abstract
A four replicate study was conducted to compare the effects of alternative feed additives (prebiotic, ECOCELL® and butyric acid, Baby c4®) to an antibiotic growth promoter (bacitracin) on the performance and histomorphometrical parameters of the small intestine of 192, 1-day-old Ross broiler chicks. The used chicks were randomly assigned to one out of four dietary treatments for 6 weeks (each treatment contained four replicates, 12 birds each). Replicate dietary treatments were as follow: 1- control (basal diet), 2-basal diet + prebiotic, 3-basal diet + butyric acid and 4-basal diet + antibiotic growth promoter. The results showed that body weight, weight gain and feed intake were not affected by dietary treatments. Prebiotic had significantly improved (p<0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 22-42 days and total period compared with the control nontreated and butyric acid fed broilers. The addition of either prebiotic or antibiotic significantly increased the villus height in duodenum (P<0.001), while prebiotic increased duodenum and ileum villus width compared with other treatments. The duodenal crypt depth was significantly increased by antibiotic or organic acid compared with prebiotic and control (P<0.01). In conclusion, prebiotic displayed a greater efficacy as growth promoter for broilers, but butyric acid glycerides do not promote broiler’s growth.
Key words: Prebiotic, organic acid, antibiotic, performance, histomorphometry, small Intestine, broiler chicken.
Farhad Soltanalinejad, Reza Sayrafi*, Rasoul Shahrooz and Shaban Rahimi
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1052Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 4 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Relationship between the calcium content in soil and the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi tobacco-growing area
Shao Huifang and Xu Zicheng*
College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, People’s Republic of China.
Accepted 21 February, 2015
Abstract
Distribution of the calcium content in soil and the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco in Enshi tobacco-growing area of Hubei Province and their relationships were analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) the average content in soil of total and exchangeable calcium was 2124.60 and 1091.44 mg/kg in Enshi tobacco-growing area. The calcium content showed the trends of high altitude > middle altitude >lower altitude among different altitudes, and the trends of 0 to 20 > 20 to 40 > 40 to 60 cm in different soil depths. (2) Significant differences of the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco were found among the different cultivars and grades, indicating the trends of Yunyan87 >Yunyan85 > K326, the trends of X2F > C3F > B2F, and the trends of high altitude > middle altitude > lower altitude. (3) The calcium content in soil and the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco were both increased with the altitude height going up. When the exchangeable calcium content in soil was grouped and increasing, the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco also increased. Linear regression equation was established between the calcium content of flue-cured tobacco and the exchangeable calcium content in soil with high significant correlation coefficient.
Key words: Calcium content in soil, calcium content of flue-cured tobacco, altitude height, relationship analysis, Enshi tobacco-growing area.
Xu Zicheng*, Shao Huifang
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1051Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 4 (10), pp. 001-004, October, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative effectiveness of GrainPro CocoonTM with traditional storage systems against Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.) and Sitophilus oryzae (L.)
Muhammad Noor ul Ane1, Muhammad Akbar Zafar Khan2*, Muhammad Ishtiaq3 and Munir Ahmad Shahzad4
1Department of Agricultural Entomology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
2Entomological Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan.
3University College of Agriculture, B. Z. U., Multan, Punjab, Pakistan.
4Arid Zone Agriculture Research Institute, P. O. Box No. 15. Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan.
Accepted 23 May, 2015
Abstract
The studies were carried out to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Grainpro CocoonTM with traditional storage systems against Tribolium castaneum, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus oryzae. Four different storage structures (Grainpro CocoonTM, Thick Waterproof Cloth Sheath, Simple Polythene Sheath and control) were used. Each storage structure was tested for three storage periods viz. 5, 10 and 15 days. The results of the trial indicated the cumulative mean mortality of the stored pests (16%) in Grainpro CocoonTM and was significantly higher (p < 0.05) compared with the thick waterproof cloth sheath (4%), simple polythene sheath (8%) and control (0%). Further analysis suggested that the T. castaneum was most venerable in the Grainpro CocoonTM but R. dominica was observed to be resistant in Grainpro CocoonTM. The mortality of all tested insects increased with increase in storage period. for example, T. castaneum (5%), R. dominica (2%) and S. oryzae (4%) after 5 days storage increased significantly to 9, 7 and 8% respectively after 15 days storage. The results of the present study suggest that Grainpro CocoonTM was the most effective hermetic storage structure to control all types of insects for extended storage period.
Key words: Tribolium castaneum (Hbst.), Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), Sitophilus oryzae (L.), GrainPro CocoonTM.
Muhammad Ishtiaq and Munir Ahmad Shahzad, Muhammad Noor ul Ane, Muhammad Akbar Zafar Khan*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1050Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 4 (9), pp. 001-010, September, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Upland rice growing: A potential solution to declining crop yields and the degradation of the Doho wetlands, Butaleja district-Uganda
Joseph Oonyu
Department of Science and Technical Education, Makerere University, Uganda. E-mail: [email protected] Tel: +256-414-540033.
Accepted 16 May, 2015
Abstract
The paper presents results of a study conducted among 360 small-scale paddy farmers in Butaleja District from February 2005 to February 2006, which demonstrated that paddy yields were significantly less than those reported for Upland rice varieties, which raises the question of the efficacy of paddy rice growing as an income-generating strategy, and resultant costs of degrading the Doho Wetlands. It proposes the promotion of Upland rice growing as an alternative that could not only raise incomes of local farmers but also prevent the further degradation of the Doho Wetlands (DW). Data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions and documentary analysis. It was established that rice yields were significantly (p<0.05) higher during the long rainy season (March to June) than during the short rainy season (August to October). The farmers within the Doho Rice Scheme (DRS) had significantly (p<0.05) higher yields than their counterparts the out-growers (OGS) and farmers in the seasonal Nambaale Wetland (NWF). Prior to the 1980s paddy rice growing significantly improved the household incomes of rural farmers in the area when yields of up to 1,000 kg/acre were attainable. However in the subsequent years, the contribution of rice growing to household incomes has sharply declined due primarily to the declining soil fertility levels, farmers’ inability to control water use, use of low yielding varieties, and poor farming practices, thereby adversely impacting on the integrity of the Doho Wetlands. It was concluded that Upland rice cultivation offers a more viable alternative to paddy rice growing as an income generating activity, which could also ensure the conservation of the Doho and surrounding wetlands.
Key words: Paddy farmers, out growers, upland rice, wetland degradation, conservation.
Joseph Oonyu
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1049