International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Seasonal Dynamics of Blood Parasite Infections in Dairy Cattle: A Study from Omdurman, Sudan

Mohammed Safieldin A.1, Atif Abdel Gadir E.2* and Khitma Elmalik H.2

1Federal Ministry of Animal Resources and Fisheries, P. O. Box 293, Khartoum, Sudan.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, P. O. Box 32, Khartoum North, Sudan.

Accepted 26 January, 2025

This study was conducted in Al-Rodwan project in Omdurman to investigate the prevalence of blood parasites in dairy cattle during different seasons. A total of 290 animals were examined during three seasons: dry cool (100), dry hot (95) and wet hot (95). The results showed that the prevalence of blood parasites during different seasons was 8, 5.25 and 6.32% for dry cool, dry hot and wet hot season, respectively. The prevalence of Theileria species infection was found to be 7, 5.25 and 6.32% for dry cool, dry hot and wet hot season, respectively. While the prevalence of Babesia species infection was only recorded in the dry cool season as (1%). There was no effect (χ2= 0.6, p> 0.05) of season on the occurrence of blood parasites. Strong association (t-test= –43.6, p< 0.05) was found between presence of blood parasites and milk yield.

Key words: Dairy cattle, blood parasites, season, Sudan.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and Characterization of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme from Pardosa astrigera L. Koch

Min Ma1*, Bin Zhang2 and Sheng-cai Li1

1College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.
2College of Arts and Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, Shanxi, China.

Accepted 10 January, 2025

A simple and effective method was set up to purify acetylcholinesterase (AChE, EC3.1.1.7) from the head and appendage of Pardosa astrigera. The AChE was purified by salt fractionation, DEAE -52 ion-exchange chromatography and Superdex 200 methods. The purity and molecular weight of the acetylcholinesterase were detected with sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. Biochemical properties were measured from the purified AChE by improves Ellmans method. The AChE was extracted from the head and appendage of Pardosa astrigera. SDS- PAGE electrophoresis showed a single band with relative molecular weight of 66.35 KDa. However, three bands resolved on PAGE gel electrophoresis, leading to the inference that native AChE exists in three forms. AChE purification fold can be reached to 229.60 when the yield was 13.88%. Significantly highest purified AChE activity was observed when the experiment conditions were 30oc, pH 7.5, 700 umol.L-1 ATChI. IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration, represents the concentration of an inhibitor that is required for 50% inhibition of things. The IC50 values ratios of crude extract to purified AChE were 6.54, 7.52, 3.92 and 5.08 times respectively, which was caused by methomyl, phoxim, beta cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos. We got the AchE of the electrophoretically purity from the head and appendage of Pardosa astrigera, and the sensitive of purified enzyme was restrained more easily.

Key words: Salt fractionation, chromatography, characterization.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Bovine Mastitis in Sudan: Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Corynebacterum spp. from Kuku Dairy Farms

Nuol Aywel Madut1 and Atif Elamin Abdel Gadir2*

1Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bahar Elgazal, Sudan.
2Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Khartoum, Sudan.

Accepted 24 January, 2025

A study on bovine mastitis due to Corynebacterium spp. showed that out of 2283 quarter milk samples, 224 (9.81%) gave positive reactivity to California mastitis test, while 600 (26.28%) and 1459 (63.9%) recorded as doubtful and negative respectively. Two hundred and five bacterial isolates were recovered from milk samples examined, the isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp. 107 (52.5%), Streptococcus spp. 25 (12.3%), Enterobacterium spp. 4 (2%) Lactobacillus spp. 4 (2%), Coryneform bacteria 27 (13.2%). The Coryneform bacteria tested was found to be 100% resistant to penicillin G except Corynebacterium ulcer’s (60%). In contrast Gentamycin was the drug of choice for Coryneform (Resistant=0.0 %).

Key words: Bovine mastitis, Corynbacterum spp., antibiotics, Sudan.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Fecal Parasite Prevalence and Deworming Strategy in Nairobi's Slum Dog Population

D. N. Makau*, C. M. Mulei, H. M. Mutembei, J. Muraya and J. W. Aleri

Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi,
P. O. BOX 29053-00625 Kangemi, Nairobi, Kenya.

Received 17 December, 2045; Accepted 18 January, 2025

The objective of this study was to establish the density of infestation of slum dogs with gastrointestinal helminths in locations where vaccination and deworming campaigns had been carried out for a period of 3 years. A total of 150 dogs were randomly sampled from a total of 300 animals that were attended to in a rabies control campaign in Nairobi slum areas between the months of July and September, 2011. Eggs per gram (EPG) and worm identification were done from the fecal samples of the animals included in the study and the prevalence on age, sex and breed were also determined. The EPG were generally high for both hookworms and ascarids with a range of 1083 to 1105 and 515 to 637, respectively. The larvae of the most prevalent species identified were Ancylostoma caninum and Toxocara canis. There was no statistical significant difference (P=0.9) between EPG counts in males and females at p<0.05. The prevalence was high among the puppies at 58.8% (44/75) as compared to the adult dogs at 38.3% (29/75) when P = 0.01. From the findings of this study, it was concluded that the density of infestation of stray slum dogs with gastrointestinal worms was high and therefore there is need to address routine and strategic deworming.

Key words: Prevalence, helminths, dogs, Kenya.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effect of Dietary Açaí Seed Meal on Carcass and Non-Carcass Traits of Sheep 

Acaína Kiss da Silva Elias, Kaliandra Souza Alves, Robson Magno Liberal Véras, Luis Rennan Sampaio Oliveira, Rafael Mezzomo, Darley Oliveira Cutrim and Daiany Iris Gomes*

Federal Rural University of Amazon, Brazil.

Received 4 August, 2024; Accepted 9 October, 2024

The byproducts of agricultural processes have great potential as a source of low cost animal feed. In this paper we assess the potential of açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) seed as a food source for sheep. Sixteen non-castrated male sheep with average initial body weight of 22 kg were randomly assigned to one of four diet treatments, using initial body weight as a covariate. The diets consisted of coastcross hay and a variable proportion of açaí seed meal (0, 5, 10 and 15% - DM basis) added to feed concentrate at a ratio 60:40 (roughage:concentrate). The animals were slaughtered at the end of the experiment to measure carcass and commercial cuts dressing of each animal. No treatment effect on carcass, commercial cuts and non-carcass components dressing was detected, but significant effect on daily weight gain and shoulder dressing was observed. Açaí seed meal added to the diet up to 15% in replacement with forage during dry seasons does not seem to compromise carcass and non-carcass components and is therefore a potentially valuable and low cost component of sheep feed.

Key words: By-product, organs, performance, sheep, viscera.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Mechanistic Insights into Sodium Periodate-Induced Inhibition of Influenza A Virus (H3N2) Attachment to Mammalian Cell Cultures

M. Paulpandi1, R. Thangam2, P. Gunasekaran2 and S. Kannan1*

1Proteomics and Molecular Cell Physiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore – 641 046, TN, India. 2King Institute of Preventive Medicine and Research, Department of Virology, Chennai-600032, India.

Accepted 10 January, 2025

Influenza epidemics cause numerous death and thousands of hospitalization each year. Because of the alarming emergence of resistant to anti-influenza drugs, there is a need to identify new anti- viral therapeutic agents. Viral tropism was stabilized in three mammalian celllines of different origin. The selected celllines are treated with sodium periodate at various concentrations to assess the rate of plaque reduction. Pretreated MDCK cells with sodium periodate at a concentration of 5 mM and 30% of plaque reduction was observed when compared to the untreated group. In A549 and Vero cells the plaque inhibition was found to be 11% and 22% respectively when compared with controls. The ability of influenza A virus (H3N2) binds to cells of canine, human and simian origin are reported here on the basis of cytopathic effect (CPE). H3N2 is more efficiently bound to cells of canine origin and the cytopathic effect was decreased with increasing the evolutionary complexity of the cell lines. The result suggested that dislodging of sialicacid receptors with sodium periodate were inhibiting the binding efficiency of human influenza A virus to mammalian cells.

Key words: Influenza A virus, sialicacid receptor protein, cytopathic effect, sodium periodate.