ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 2 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) in in vitro mutation on anther-derived embryos in loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)
Hong-Mei Qin1,2, Yong-Qing Wang2* and Chun-Xia Hou3
1College of Life Science, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637002, China.
2College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya’an 625014, China.
3Guangyuan Bureau of Agriculture, Guangyuan 628000, China.
Accepted 18 January, 2013
Abstract
A series of experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) as an in vitro mutation mutagen using the anther-derived embryos of loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl) which had been newly developed in the laboratory for the first time in the world. The results showed that EMS treatment caused changes in vitality and conformation of the anther-derived embryos. All EMS treatments employed in the study resulted in lower vitality to various extents depending on the EMS concentration and duration. The death rate of loquat anther-derived embryos was over 50% while the EMS concentration ranged from 0.1 to 0.9% and the exposure time of treatment was 0.5, 1 and 2 h, respectively. Maximal survival rate (46.2%) was obtained in the treatment of 0.3% EMS for 0.5 h and minimal survival rate (2%) was obtained in the treatment of 0.7% EMS for 2 h. The induction ability of secondary embryos decreased after the EMS treatment. Both the maximal percentage (46.2%) of embryos producing new embryos and the maximal number (5.4) of newly formed embryos per embryo producing new embryos were obtained in the treatment of 0.3% EMS for 0.5 h. Minimal percentage (2.8%) of embryos producing new embryos was obtained in the treatment of 0.7% EMS for 2 h. Minimal number (2.75) of newly formed embryos per embryo producing new embryos was obtained in the treatment of 0.9% EMS for 2 h. EMS treatment caused more morphological malformations in the secondary anther-derived embryos. Changes were detected with RAPD amplification profiles in the secondary anther-derived embryos from EMS treatment. There were diversities on the RAPD profiles in the EMS treated embryos, and 0.3% EMS for 2 h was the most effective in causing changes detected by RAPD in all treatments.
Key words: In vitro mutation, ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), anther-derived embryos, Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.
Hong-Mei Qin, Yong-Qing Wang* and Chun-Xia Hou
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1008Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 2 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Calibrating the leaf color chart for rice nitrogen management in Northern Iran
Alireza Houshmandfar1* and Anthony Kimaro2
1Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Saveh Branch, Saveh, Iran.
2Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, Canada.
Accepted 18 January, 2013
Abstract
The high and inefficient use of Nitrogen (N) fertilizer continues to be a problem in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation sites in Northern Iran. The leaf color chart (LCC) based N management can be used to optimize N application with crop demand or to improve existing fixed split N recommendations. We conducted a field experiment in 2008 at Amol region of Northern Iran, to determine the LCC critical value for N application in different rice genotypes. Treatments included 12 LCC based N management contained the combination of three critical levels of LCC (3, 4 and 5) with four levels of N application (20, 25, 30 and 35 kg ha-1) for two rice genotypes which consist of Tarom-Hashemi and GRH-1 were compared with the zero N control and a recommended fixed time N splitting. Nitrogen was applied in form of urea as per treatment schedule and the LCCs assessed at 10 days intervals from 12 days after transplanting. Result showed a considerable opportunity to increase farmers yield and N use efficiency (NUE) levels through improved N management with the LCC. The critical LCC value of 4 with 25 kg N ha-1 for Tarom-Hashemi and critical LCC value of 4 with 35 kg N ha-1 for GRH-1 were found to be suitable for guiding N application to achieve the highest grain yield for the Amol region of Northern Iran.
Key words: Oryza sativa L., N management, LCC, N use efficiency.
Anthony Kimaro, Alireza Houshm, far*
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1007Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 2 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Hepatomodulatory role of Enicostemma littorale Blume against oxidative stress induced liver injury in rats
R.S. Gupta* and Dharmendra Singh
Reproductive Physiology Section, Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur – 302 004, India
Accepted 16 December, 2012
Abstract
The hepatomodulatory response of ethanol extract of Enicostemma littorale Blume was examined in contrast to oxidative stress-induced liver injury by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in albino wistar male rats. The rats received the extract, orally at the doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg b wt/day for 21 consecutive days and CCl4, at the dose of 0.2 ml/kg b wt/twice a week, i.p with olive oil, in the ratio 1:1 treatment. The rats subjected only CCl4 with olive oil, showed remarkable oxidative stress-induced liver injury. Supplementation of E. littorale extract significantly (P< 0.001) increased the hepatic reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione- s-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and vitamin-C (vit. C) in the liver, with a dose-dependent reduction of the thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS) as evidenced by reduced hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) levels, compared with the control animals. The hepatic total cholesterol and triglycerides level were also significantly decreased in the groups receiving E. littorale extract, in comparison to controls. Further, the hepatic marker levels-AST, ALT (aspartate and alanine transaminases), ALP (alkaline phosphatase), ACP (acid phosphatase), g-GTP (gamma glutamyl transpeptidase), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), SDH (sorbitol dehydrogenase), Total bilirubin, total protein and albumin in serum were also restored to normal level dose-dependently after the supplementation of E. littorale extract in comparison to respective controls. These biochemical observations were strongly supported by a comparative histoarchitectural examination of liver sections from treated groups, further corroborated the hepatomodulatory role of E. littole extract. Silymarin was used as standard drug for comparison with the E. littorale extract. In conclusion, these results suggest the hepatomodulation by E. littorale Blume against oxidative stress mediated through interference with free radical generation and reduction in fat metabolism.
Key words: Carbon tetrachloride, E. littorale; Free radicals, Hepatomodulation, Oxidative stress
Dharmendra Singh, R.S. Gupta*
Page: 1 - 8
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1006Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 2 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Insecticidal activity of Trachyspermum ammi essential oils against stored-product beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae)
Mukesh Kumar Chaubey*
Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur-273009, (U.P.), India. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 18 October 2012
Abstract
The essential oils from the dried fruits of three common spices, Trachyspermum ammi, Anethum graveolens and Nigella sativa were isolated by hydrodistillation and its repellent, toxic and developmental inhibitory activities were determined against wheat flour insect pest Tribolium castaneum . The three essential oils repelled the adults of T. castaneum at low concentrations in the filter paper repellency assay. The death of larvae and adults of T. castaneum was caused by fumigation with these essential oils. Median lethal concentrations (LC50) of T . ammi, A. graveolens and N. sativa essential oils against larval stages of the insect were 11.62, 14.78 and 9.46 ml and against adults were 13.48, 16.66 and 10.87 ml, respectively. Median effective concentrations (EC50) of T. ammi, A. graveolens and N. sativa essential oils that reduce to a half the transformation of larval population into pupa were 6.70, 7.86 and 5.62 ml, respectively. These essential oils reduced the oviposition potential and increased the developmental period of the T. castaneum in comparison to the control group. Fumigation of these essential oils inhibited development of larvae to pupae and the pupae to adults and also resulted in the deformities in the different developmental stages of the insect. All the responses were found concentration-dependent.
Key words: Trachyspermum ammi, Anethum graveolens, Nigella sativa, Tribolium castaneum, insecticidal activity, essential oils.
Mukesh Kumar Chaubey*
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1005Short Communication
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 2 (1), pp. 001-003, January, 2013. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
Impact of mobile phones on the density of honeybees
Sainudeen Sahib S.
Department of Zoology, S.N. College, Kollam-691001, Kerala, India. E-mail- [email protected].
Accepted 19 October, 2011
Abstract
Apiculture has developed into an important industry in India as honey and bee-wax have become common products. Recently, a sharp decline in population of honey bees has been observed in Kerala. Although the bees are susceptible to diseases and attacked by natural enemies like wasps, ants and wax moth, constant vigilance on the part of the bee keepers can overcome these adverse conditions. The present plunge in population (< 0.01) was not due to these reasons. It was caused by man due to unscientific proliferation of towers and mobile phones.
Key words: Electromagnetic radiation, apiculture, colony collapse disorder.
Sainudeen Sahib S.
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1003Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 1 (1), pp. 001-010, December, 2012. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effects of Soy-based allochthonous nutrient inputs on intensively cultured female Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) brooder’s growth performance
Olaleye, V. F.*, Adewumi, A. A., Adedeji A. A. and Ogbogu S. S.
Department of Zoology, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 January, 2012
Abstract
Portions of soybean meal autoclaved at 116°C and 1.2 kg/cm2 pressure for 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 min were used to compound 4 experimental diets appropriately labeled SB10, SB15, SB20, SB25 and SB30 respectively. The experimental diets were fed to Clarias gariepinus female broodstocks intensively for 84 days. During the experimental period, the female fish broodstock growth performance as well as the water and the in-dwelling net microplanktonic quality were monitored. The feed inputs into the different culture media ranged between 13,759 g (SB15) and 15, 649 g (SB10). The highest weight gain was recorded in the female broodfish fed diet SB25. The assayed water quality parameters for the different treatment culture media were not statistically different from each other (P > 0.05). Four (4) phytoplank-tonic phyla containing 7 orders with 30 species were recorded in the various media receiving the different feed inputs. The richest floristic composition with 21 species and a Margalef’s Richness Index (R1) of 1.66 was obtained in the culture medium that received SB25 feed input. Twenty (20) micro-invertebrate species belonging to 2 phyla and 4 orders were recorded in the various media during the period of study. The rotifers (Order: Ploima) with 16 species dominated the microinvertebrate fauna. Results also showed that the culture medium which received SB25 diet had the highest micro-invertebrate fauna with 19 species.
Key words: Soybean, feed input, Clarias gariepinus, water quality, microplankton.
Adewumi , Adedeji A. A. and Ogbogu S. S., V. F.*, Olaleye , A. A.
Page: 1 - 10
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1002