International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-003, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Exploring β-Lactoglobulin Gene Diversity: A Comparative Study Between Holstein and Indigenous Iranian Cattle

Abbas Doosti1*, Asghar Arshi1,2, Mehdi Yaraghi1and Mehdi Dayani-Nia1

1Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.
2Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Young Researchers Club, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 10 March, 2024

β-Lactoglobulin (β-LG) is the major protein in whey, making up about 50 to 60% of the total protein. A biological task for β-LG has been the subject of much speculation, but no specific function has been proven. About eleven protein variants of β-LG are known, of which variants A and B are common in most cattle breeds. The purpose of this study was to identify genotypes of the β-LG gene in Holstein and Iranian native cattle using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Blood samples were obtained from 278 Holstein and 210 Iranian native cattle. The primers β-LG F and β-LG R amplified a 247 bp fragment. The HaeIII enzyme was used for restriction of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products. The frequency of allele A and B in Holstein and native cattle were 0.53, 0.47 and 0.23, 0.77, respectively. According to previous studies AA genotypes of β-LG gene is an important factor in increasing the milk production and the results of this study showed that high frequency of AA genotypes in Holstein and Iranian native cattle and could be use in creating the next generation for increasing the milk production.

Key words: Polymorphism, β-lactoglobulin gene, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, Holstein, native cattle.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic Diversity of BoLA-DRB3.2 Alleles in Iranian Native Cattle 

Ali Sharifzadeh1* and Abbas Doosti2

1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch,
Shahrekord, Postal Box 166, Iran.

2Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 11 March, 2025

Enhancing disease resistance in animal production can be achieved by genetic improvement programs. The best characterized genetic control of disease resistance and immune response in animals is that associated with the MHC. Respond to specific antigens is closely related to MHC genes and their associations might therefore provide precious answers to main questions about the host pathogen interactions. In cattle there is an association between possession of certain BoLA-DRB3 locus (MHC class II) and resistance or susceptibility to infectious diseases. Polymorphism of exon 2 of the BoLA-DRB3 gene was investigated by the PCR-RFLP method in 80 Iranian native cattle. In this study, 39 different alleles were recognized. As a second goal, allelic frequencies were determined in a total sample. The high frequencies of these alleles (gbb, fbd and fba) were 8.75, 8.75 and 6.25% respectively. Additionally, BoLA-DRB3.2*11, DRB3*2701 and DRB3*0701 were associated with resistant to BLV, whereas allele DRB3.2*01 was associated with higher stability to FMD. Finally, DRB3*2701 and DRB3*1101 alleles were also associated with higher mastitis risk. Frequencies of alleles mediating resistance and susceptibility to leukemia and FMD were revealed.

Key words: Iranian native cattle, MHC, BoLA-DRB3, PCR-RFLP.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (3), pp. 001-006, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Current Status and Population Estimates of Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

Karimullah* and Shahrul Anuar

School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.

Accepted 9 January, 2024

This study discusses the population size of Macaca fascicularis in Penang Botanical Gardens, Malaysia. The scan sampling method was used to observe the groups of M. fascicularis in the gardens. The study was carried out from February 2007 to June 2007. Chi-square test was used to find the correlation of individual appears on the specific area of the gardens. The total number of observations that were carried out during this study was 1134. Among these observation the adult females were observed as 22% (P = 0.15), adult males 17% (P < 0.05), juveniles 56% (P < 0.05) and infants 5% (P = 0.34). This study revealed that the population of long tailed macaques is decreasing in Penang Botanical Gardens. In arranging to get better human contact with macaque and at the similar time to keep up a developed macaque inhabitants in Botanical Gardens Penang, there is an imperative requirement for wildlife department to enhance their safety, food availability and predator’s threats.

Key words: Macaca fascicularis, scan sampling, botanical gardens Penang, wild life.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Human Kidney Mitochondrial NAD-Dependent Isocitrate Dehydrogenase

Mukaram Shikara

Biotechnology Division, Department of Applied Sciences, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq.
E-mail: [email protected].

Accepted 2 February, 2025

NAD -IDH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide socitric dehydrogenase) has been purified in 1216-fold with a total recovery of 7.5% from the mitochondria of human kidney by using a combination of affinity chromatography with the anion-exchange matrix that allowed obtaining a preparation of high purity. The shape of the peak from Sephacryl S-100 and the results from SDS-PAGE confirm that the enzyme is a tetramer with subunits of 80,000 each, and a native molecular mass of about 320,000. The enzyme shows activity in the absence of any divalent metal ions, but Mn +2 is a better activator than Mg+2 at lower concentrations (0.5 mM), but it will inhibit the enzyme at higher concentrations (2 mM). ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) and NADH inhibit the enzyme competitively according to Lineweaver-Burk plot. The NAD-IDH does not indicate a homotropic cooperative effect of isocitrate in either the absence or presence of ADP. Increasing concentrations of NAD decrease the Km of isocitrate while increasing levels of isocitrate lower the Km of NAD. Km of either isocitrate or NAD is lowered further in the presence of ADP. The inhibition by ATP (or NADH) cannot be counteracted by ADP in the presence of isocitrate, so ADP cannot enhance NAD-IDH activity nor reverse inhibition by ATP (or NADH), while isocitrate will bind to the enzyme and prevent it from interacting with ADP. The activity of NAD-IDH in mitochondria is probably controlled in a complex way by NADH, ATP and divalent ions.

Key words: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide socitric dehydrogenase, isocitrate, Adenosine triphosphate, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrogenase, human kidney, purification.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Body Weight on Testicular Dimensions and Semen Yield in Black Bengal Bucks: A Study from Bangladesh

Sanjoy Kumar Kabiraj1, S. A. Masudul Hoque2, M. A. M. Yahia Khandoker3* and Syed Sakhawat Husain3,4

1Reproductive Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural
University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.
2Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University,
Gazipur-1706, Bangladesh.
3Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh.

4Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Dumki, Patuakhali-8602, Bangladesh.

Accepted 2 February, 2025

Biometrical study of testes were done in twelve black Bengal bucks (Capra hircus) of three different age groups, 0.5 to 1.0 years (group A), 1.5 to 2.0 years (group B) and 2.5 to 3.0 years (group C) to find out the age depended changes in the biometry of testes and their relationship with semen quality. Before slaughtering the bucks, the semen quality of the bucks of three different age groups was evaluated in terms of volume (ml), live sperm (%) and sperm concentration (billion/ml) for a period of 45 days. The semen volume and sperm concentration of age group C (0.68±0.04 ml and 3.04±0.10 billion/ml respectively) were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of age group A (0.32±0.04 ml and 76.46±2.65 billion/ml respectively) but no significant difference was observed with that of age group B. Whereas, live sperm percentage of age group B (85.64±0.87) was higher than those of other age groups but the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Testicular measurements were increased with the advancement of age and body weight. The size and weight of left testis were higher than those of right testis at same age. Semen volume and sperm concentration were highly significant (p< 0.01) and positively correlated with almost all testicular measurements.

Key words: Biometry, black Bengal bucks, body weight and semen output.
 

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics ISSN 2756-3650, Vol. 14 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Genetic and Environmental Determinants of Birth Weight in Male and Female Nguni Cattle in Zimbabwe

Assan N.1*, Dube B.2, Ngwenya S.2, Nyoni K.2, Tambo G.2 and Matshe F.2

1Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Zimbabwe Open University, Matabeleland South Region, Box 346,
Gwanda, Zimbabwe.
2Matopos Research Station, P Bag 5137, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.

Accepted 1 February, 2025

Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUP) of breeding values for additive direct and additive maternal genetic effects were estimated from pedigree birth weight (BWT) records 4272 in indigenous Nguni cattle born between 1988 and 1997. Data was partitioned according to sex and breeding values for direct additive and maternal additive were estimated using a univariate animal model. Estimates of sex specific genetic trends for direct and maternal effects were obtained by averaging corresponding breeding values for partitioned data for animals born in a given year, and regressing these averages on their year of birth. The regression of average direct breeding values on year for males and females was –0.0236 kg/yr and –0.1263 kg/yr, respectively, and the regression of average maternal breeding values on year of birth were -0.0355 kg/yr and –0.0173 kg/yr for males and females, respectively. Environmental trends observed a positive trend for both sexes but was non significant. Estimation of sex specific variance components had no significant influence on the direction and magnitude of genetic trends and indication of homogeneity of variance by sex for birth weight in this population.

Key words: Variance components, sex, trends, birth, Nguni.