International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-004, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Vaccine efficacy in cattle against hemorrhagic septicemia with live attenuated aroA mutant of Pasteurella multocida B:2 strain

Mohammad Tabatabaei¹*, G. R. Moazzeni Jula², A. R. Jabbari² and M. Esmailzadeh²

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University P. O. Box. 1731. Shiraz Iran.

²Razi Vaccine & Serum Research Institute, P. O. Box 11365-1558, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 16 November, 2018

Abstract

Hemorrhagic septicemia (HS) is a fatal systemic disease of cattle and buffaloes. In South Asia HS is caused by infection with Pasteurella multocida serotype B:2. Some control is achieved with killed whole-cell vaccines injected subcutaneously, but these provide only short-term immunity and require annual administration. For live attenuated strains to be used as vaccines, the mode of attenuation should be well defined. Two groups of 5 calves each were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) in three weeks interval (does it means 3 injections at 0, 3 and 6 weeks) with two doses of a 10 ml of 4 h culture (2 - 4 × 10⁹ CFU ml^-1) of a derivative of P. multocida serotype B:2 Iranian native strain containing an inactivated aroA gene (P. m. MT1). Ten vaccinated calves and two unvaccinated control calves were challenged subcutaneously, 3 weeks after the last injection (it means 3 weeks after the last injection) with 2 different doses of a 4 h wild-type P. mmultocida culture. Five calves injected by one ml of pure culture (3.4 × 10⁹ CFU ml ^-1) and other 5 and two control unvaccinated calves were taken one ml of 10 fold diluted culture (3.4 × 10⁸ CFU ml^-1). The vaccinated calves did not show any clinical signs of illness but the control calves were shown signs of illness such as rise in temperature, respiratory distress with nasal discharge, and increase salivation. Two control calves were killed within 20 h post challenge. This experiment showed that the aroA mutated P. multocida strain can act as an effective live-attenuated vaccine to protect calves against challenge with the virulent strain.

Key words: P. multocida, live vaccine, aroA mutant, Hemorrhagic septicemia

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-004, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Postnatal development of zygomatic glands from guinea pig: a morphological and morphometric analyses

Daniel A Ribeiro¹, Gerson F Assis², Dagoberto Sottovia Filho² and Rumio Taga²

¹Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, UNIFESP, SP, Brazil.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo University, USP, SP, Brazil.

Accepted 08 October, 2018

Abstract 

The postnatal development of zygomatic glands from guinea pig (Cavia porcellus) ranging from 2 to 140 days of postnatal life was studied by means of morphological and morphometric methods. The results showed that the body weight growth has occurred in two phases from 2 to 7 and from 14 to 140 days. With respect to gland mass, its growth has also occurred in two phases from 2 to 7 and from 14 to 140 days of life. Regarding morphometric data of glandular components, the volume density of acini has decreased at 140 days of postnatal life when compared to other periods adopted in this study as depicted by significant statistically differences (p<0.05). Ducts showed an increase of volume density at 2, 14 and 21 days of postnatal life. The volume density of stroma increased progressively (p<0.05) at 140 days only. Taken together, we concluded that the morphofunctional development occurs in the zygomatic gland following 140 days of postnatal life evidenced by decrease in volume density of acini and ducts and the growth of the stroma.

Key words: Zygomatic glands, development, guinea pig.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-010, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Detection and mapping of QTL on bovine chromosomes 2 and 5 segregating for live weight, average daily gain and body measurements in Japanese black cattle

A. E. O. Malau-Aduli^*1, T. Niibayashi³, T. Kojima³, K. Oshima³, Y. Mizoguchi⁴ and M. Komatsu²

¹Animal Production and Genetics, School of Agricultural Science, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 54 Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia.

²Department of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, National Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0901, Japan.

³Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Reproduction, Department of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agricultural Research Centre for Western Region, Oda, Shimane 694-0013, Japan.

⁴Shirakawa Institute of Animal Genetics, Nishigo-nura, Fukushima 961-8061, Japan.

Accepted 24 September, 2018

Abstract

Bovine chromosomes 2 (BTA2) and 5 (BTA5) of purebred, half-sib progeny sired by five Japanese black bulls were genotyped using microsatellite DNA markers. The data were subjected to linkage analysis for the detection and mapping of segregating quantitative trait loci (QTL) influencing live weight, average daily gain and body measurements at weaning. Probability coefficients of inheriting allele 1 or 2 from the sire at specific chromosomal intervals were computed. The phenotypic data on progeny were regressed on these probability coefficients in a within-common-parent regression analysis. Fixed effects of sex, parity and season of birth as well as age as a covariate, were fitted in a linear model to the phenotypic data and subsequently analysed using QTL Express by generating an F-statistic through permutation tests at chromosome-wide significance thresholds over 10, 000 iterations at 1 cM intervals. Highly significant (P<0.01) segregating QTL for body measurements were detected on BTA2 for hip width (1 cM) and chest depth (8 cM) in Sire Family 1 and pin bone width (16 cM) in Sire Family 3. Other significant QTL (P<0.05) detected were withers height (3 cM), hip height (4 cM), body length (4 cM), shoulder width (6 cM), lumbar width (3 cM), thurl width (3 cM) and canon circumference (2 cM) in Sire Family 1, shoulder width (16 cM) in Sire Family 3 and thurl width (24 cM), pin bone width (19 cM), heart girth (26 cM) and abdominal width (69 cM) in Sire Family 4. Significant (P<0.05) QTL for live weight and average daily gain were detected on BTA2 for birth weight (5 cM) and weaning weight (3 cM) in Sire Family 1 and post-weaning average daily gain (68 cM) in Sire Family 4. BTA 5 contained QTL for birth weight, pin bone width and heart girth in Sire Family 3 that were only suggestive and not significant. Such localization of economically important QTL as demonstrated in this study, will expedite genetic improvement via marker-assisted selection, gene introgression and positional cloning in Japanese black cattle.

Key words: QTL mapping, Japanese Black cattle, BTA2, BTA5, body measurements, live weight, daily gain.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of season on the quality and in vitro maturation rate of Egyptian buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) oocytes

Khairy, M. A. Zoheir¹*, Abdoon, A. S¹, Mahrous K. F¹ Amer, M. A.¹, Zaher, M. M³  Li-Guo, Yang⁴ and El- Nahass, E. M¹

¹National Research Center- Cell biology department- Dokki- Cairo- Egypt.

²National Research Center- Animal Physiology and AI department- Dokki- Cairo- Egypt.

³Cairo University- Faculty of Science- Cairo- Egypt.

⁴College of Animal Science and Technology- Huazhong Agricultural University- Wuhan-PR China.

Accepted 22 November, 2018

Abstract 

Recent advances in in vitro maturation, fertilization and culture technology allowed progress in an increasing the number of off springs produced from genetically superior females but this progress still has important factors affect the yielding and quality of the oocytes. It was referred that, there is a distinct similarity in season profile between an in vitro and in vivo reproductive traits. The influence of season on oocyte quality has been largely considered, as a factor of high impact. The purpose of this paper was to study the effects of season on the quality of oocytes and its relationship with cumulus cells expansion, maturation and developmental rates of in vitro maturation of Egyptian buffalo oocytes. The main goal of our investigation was shown to evaluate the role of change in the temperature during the year on the buffalo and consequently affecting the quality of their oocytes. The results showed significant differences between the four seasons. In spring and winter, the percentage of good quality oocytes was (71 and 74.6%), denuded oocytes was (12.8 and 9.1%) and the fair type of oocytes was (16.3 and 16.3%) respectively. Consequently the maturation rate was 85.5 and 92.5% respectively. While in summer and autumn, the percentage of good quality oocytes was (50 and 56.9%) instead of denuded oocytes was (25.5 and 18.5%) and the fair type of oocytes was (24.4 and 21.5%) respectively. Consequently the maturation rate was 59.6 and 74.5% respectively. The results revealed that, when the percentage of good oocytes increased, cumulus expansion and the maturation rate had increased. The higher degeneration of oocytes in the hot period reflects their lower developmental competence of oocytes compared with recovered in the cool environmental conditions.

Key words: Oocytes, season, maturation, buffaloes.

International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Isolation and cloning of IGF-1R gene in bovine

Khairy MA Zoheir*¹, and Li-Guo Yang²**

¹College of Animal Science and Technology- Huazhong Agricultural University- Wuhan 430070- Hubei Province- P R China¹.

*²National Research Center- Cell Biology Department- Dokki- Cairo- Egypt.

Accepted 22 January, 2019

Abstract

Gene cloning, or molecular cloning, has several different meanings to a molecular biologist. A clone is an exact copy, or replica, of something. Molecular biologists exploit the replicative ability of cultured cells to clone genes. Recent advances in the Restriction enzymes technologies have opened up new opportunities in biotechnology and facilitate the way to isolate any gene from any source of cells. Many types of restriction enzymes cleave DNA away from their recognition site. By using the type III restriction enzyme, we provide evidence to show that an intact recognition site on the cleaved DNA sequesters the restriction. We isolated and cloned the IGF-1 R gene from DNA by subjecting DNA with one pair of restriction enzyme (EcoRI + HindIII) and followed by ligation and transformation with the suitable vector. The pair of restriction enzymes (EcoRI + HindIII) which subjected to DNA template before the ligation process was the only pair which had success to liberate IGF-1R fragment from the transformed vector rather than other two pairs of restriction enzymes (EcoRI + XhoI) or (HindIII + XhoI) although this two pair of restriction enzymes have recognition sites in the vector. Moreover we have studied the effect of DNA template size on the action of the restriction enzymes. Where less DNA size, more efficient of the restriction enzyme action. This study is rapid and useful new technology for isolation, cloning and sequencing the gene of interest to be ready for further investigations as gene transfection and/ or transfer.

Key words: Restriction enzymes- DNA technology- IGF-1R- bovine.