ISSN 2756-3650
Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Efficiency of intracellular cryoprotectants on the cryopreservation of sheep oocytes by controlled slow freezing and vitrification techniques
Dike I. P.
Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]. Tel: 0234- 8074658012.
Accepted 15 March, 2018
Abstract
Oocyte cryopreservation has encompassed various technical difficulties and thus remained a challenge to many cryobiologists. The effect of three widely used cryoprotectants and two cryopreservation techniques on the post thaw recovery rate of morphologically normal sheep oocyte, their fertilizability and developmental competence were analyzed. Ethylene glycol, propylene glycol and Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) at concentrations 5.5 M +1 Msucrose, 5.0 M+1.5 Msucrose and 4.5 M+0.5 Msucrose were used for vitrification, whereas for controlled slow freezing 1.5 M was used. Post thaw recovery and cleavage rate of 88.13, 93.20, 85 and 17.92, 20.84, 15.21% was obtained using controlled slow freezing, whereas vitrification yielded 89.8, 88.14, 91.33 and 21.54, 29.05, 16.38%. Propylene glycol and ethylene glycol were found to be more efficient cryoprotectants, showing a promising developmental capacity, irrespective of the technique employed. Though the rate of cleavage and blastocyst formation still remained well below the control levels, the study clearly indicates that the type of cryoprotectant and the method adopted, have a significant effect on cryopreservation; i.e. the rate of maturation, fertilization and development.
Key words: Sheep oocytes, slicing, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, DMSO, vitrification, controlled slow freezing.
Dike I. P.
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1124Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Studies of human HbAA erythrocyte osmotic fragility index of non malarious blood in the presence of five antimalarial drugs
Chikezie, P. C.1*, Uwakwe, A. A.2 and Monago, C. C.2
1Department of Biochemistry, Imo State University, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
2Department of Biochemistry, University of Port-Harcourt, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria.
Accepted 21 March, 2018
Abstract
The capacity of human HbAA erythrocytes of non malarious blood to withstand osmotic stress in the presence of five antimalarial drugs, Chloroquine phosphate, Quinine, FansidarTM, CoartemTM and HalfanTM was studied by in vitro investigations. Aqueous solutions of four increasing concentrations of 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% (w/v) of the drugs were used in this investigation. The spectrophotometric method was employed in ascertaining the osmotic fragility index of the erythrocytes. The mean corpuscular fragility (MCF) index (X ± S.D) of the control sample was 0.351 ± 0.06 g/100 ml. The MCF values of the control and test samples were compared (p <0.05). The results showed that Chloroquine phosphate and FansidarTM exhibited diminishing capacity to stabilize the red blood cell membrane in a concentration dependent manner while HalfanTM, CoartemTM and Quinine elicited increasing propensity to disrupt erythrocyte membrane integrity.
Key words: Erythrocyte osmotic fragility, quinine, fansidarTM, chloroquine phosphate, coartemTM, halfanTM, mean corpuscular fragility (MCF).
A. A and Monago, Chikezie , C. C., P. C*, Uwakwe
Page: 1 - 5
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1123Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Seasonal variations of malaria transmission in Western Cameroon highlands: Entomological, parasitological and clinical investigations
Jean Atangana1,2*, Etienne Fondjo1, Abraham Fomena3, Joseph Lebel Tamesse4, Salomon Patchoké1, Hamadou N. M. Ndjemaï 1,3 and Prosper A. Bessong Ndong1
1National Malaria Control Programme, Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon P.O. Box 14386, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
2Laboratory of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
3Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
4Laboratory of Zoology, Ecole Normale Supérieure, University of Yaoundé I, P.O. Box 614, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
Accepted 14 January, 2018
Abstract
A cross-sectional study on malaria transmission was carried out in Mangoum, a village situated in the western highland region of Cameroon in October 2005 and May 2006, to assess malaria parasite prevalence in a cohort of children and vectors biting habits and entomological inoculation rate. Mosquitoes were collected by landing catches on volunteers. Members of the Anopheles gambiae complex and molecular forms were identified using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. Infection intensity was determined by counting the number of infected red blood cells against 200 leucocytes. A total of 1195 Anopheles were collected, 183 and 1012 respectively in the dry and rainy seasons. Two Anopheles species were identified: A. gambiae s.l. and Anopheles funestus. A. gambiae s.s. was the only member of the A. gambiae complex found and the main malaria vector in this region. The sporozoïte rate of A. gambiae was higher in the rainy season (9%). The average inoculation rate was 90 infective bites per man per year. A total of 699 children were examined. Two parasites species were identified: Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae. The mean parasite rate was 41. 3%. In the age range of 2 - 9 years, the parasite rates were 49% in the dry season and 34.7% in the rainy season. The mean spleen rate of the age range 2 - 9 years varies from 26. 7% in rainy season to 22. 3% in the dry season, and was not significantly different (p = 0, 3). The Western highlands region can be considered as an area of high malaria transmission intensity.
Key words: Malaria, transmission, Anopheles vectors, biting habits, sporozoite rate, parasites species, western Cameroon highlands.
Hamadou N. M. Ndjemaï and Prosper A. Bessong Ndong, Joseph Lebel Tamesse, Salomon Patchoké, Jean Atangana*, Abraham Fomena, Etienne Fondjo
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1122Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-004, September, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Ultra structural and histomorphometric study of retinal pigmented epithelium of retina in female cat under the effect of continuous light exposure and dark adapted
Alireza Yousofi1*, Arash Esfandiari2 and Hooman Bozorgi3
1Pathological Sciences, School of Veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University- Abadeh branch, Abadeh, Iran.
2Anatomical sciences, School of Veterinary medicine, Islamic Azad University- Kazeroon branch, P.O.Box: 73135-168, Kazeroon, Iran.
3School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Accepted 21 January, 2018
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometry and ultra structure of retinal pigmented layer in continuous light exposed and dark adapted domestic female cats. Twenty four healthy adult cats were divided into three groups: control, continuous light exposed and continuous dark adapted groups. The eyes of animals were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. The results showed that in light exposed group, the mean of thickness and number of melanosome of retinal pigmented layer had significant increment when compared with control and dark adapted groups (P<0.05). Mitochondria, golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum were also observed to increase in the light exposed group. Our finding have confirmed that high cell activity occur in cat retinal pigmented layer under the effect of 24 h continuous light.
Key words: Morphometry, ultra structure, retinal pigmented layer, cat.
Arash Esfandiari and Hooman Bozorgi, Alireza Yousofi*
Page: 1 - 4
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1121Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Cloning and sequence analysis of translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 10 homolog (yeast) gene (TIMM10) from the giant panda
Yi-ling Hou1, Yu-jie Du1, 2, Wan-ru Hou1*, Cai-quan Zhou1, Yan-zhe Hao1 and Tian Zhang1
1College of Life Science, China West Normal University, 44# Yuying Road, 637002, Nanchong, China.
2Zhangjiang Education College, 8# Cunjinsiheng Road, 524048, Zhangjiang, China.
Accepted 14 July, 2018
Abstract
TIMM10 is a member of the family of small Tim proteins, which is an important translocase located in inner mitochondrial membrane. It is a significant and interesting work to study it. The cDNA of TIMM10 was cloned successfully for the first time from the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) using RT-PCR technology, which was also sequenced and analyzed preliminarily. The cDNA fragment cloned is 307 bp in size, containing an open reading frame of 273 bp encoding 90 amino acids. Alignment analysis indicated that the nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence are highly conserved to other four species studied, including Homo sapiens, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Bos taurus. The homologies for nucleotide sequences of Giant Panda TIMM10 to that of these species are 94.51, 91.94, 91.21 and 93.77%, respectively, while all the homologies for amino acid sequences are 98.89%. Topology prediction showed there is one cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylation site, two Casein kinase II phosphorylation sites and one Amidation site in the TIMM10 protein of the Giant Panda (A. melanoleuca).
Key words: Cloning, sequence analysis, TIMM10, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca).
Wan-ru Hou*, Yu-jie Du, Yi-ling Hou, Yan-zhe Hao and Tian Zhang, Cai-quan Zhou
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1120Research Article
International Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-006, August, 2018. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Experimental Trypanosoma brucei infection-induced changes in the serum profiles of lipids and cholesterol and the clinical implications in pigs
Adamu, S.1*, Barde, N.1, Abenga, J. N.2, Useh, N.M.1, Ibrahim, N. D. G.1 and Esievo, K. A. N.1
1Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, College, Federal University of Agriculture, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
Accepted 15 March, 2018
Abstract
The possible effects of Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) infection on serum levels of some lipids and cholesterol were studied in pigs. The infection with T. brucei caused significant decline in the serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides and high density lipoprotein. Mean values of these parameters in the infected group were significantly lower (P < 0.05) than those in the control group, in which the values remained relatively unchanged up to the termination of the experiment. However, the infection appeared not to have significant (P > 0.05) effect on serum low density lipoprotein level. Possible pathophysio-logical mechanisms involved in the T. brucei infection-induced lowering of the serum levels of lipids and cholesterol were highlighted just as evidences from literature suggest that the T. brucei infection-induced alterations in the serum levels of the lipids and cholesterol could have far-reaching impli-cations on the clinical manifestation of the disease in affected animals and humans. It is imperative, therefore, to conduct more studies to identify biochemical differences, if any exist, between the trypanosomes and animal hosts in the metabolism of the lipids and cholesterol with the view to exploiting the findings in biotechnological development of drugs or other therapeutic approaches.
Key words: Trypanosomosis, pigs, cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein.
N.M , N. D. G and Esievo, J. N, Useh , N , Adamu , S* , K. A. N, Barde , Ibrahim , Abenga
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJABG/1119