ISSN 2736-1594
Research Article
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
Lactoferrin levels in human breast milk among lactating mothers with sick and healthy babies in Kaduna State, Nigeria
E. E. Ella 1*, A. A. Ahmad2, V. J. Umoh2, W. N. Ogala3 and T. B. Balogun3
1Centre for Biotechnology Research and Training, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
2Department of Microbiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
3Department of Paediatrics, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital Shika, Zaria, Nigeria.
Accepted 10 November, 2019
Abstract
Breastfeeding of babies has received worldwide recommendation and acceptance due to its high level of bioactive constituents. Lactoferrin, an iron binding glycoprotein is one of the major bioactive components of breast milk. Lactoferrin has many proposed biological functions which include antibacterial/anti-inflammatory activities, participation in local secretory immune systems in synergism with some immunoglobulins and other protective proteins among other functions. The levels of this protein (lactoferin) in human breast milk (colostrums, transitional and mature milk) were evaluated using mothers with healthy as well as sick babies. The aim was to ascertain if the level of lactoferrin in the human breast milk has any correlation with the health status of the baby with reference to the development of neonatal sepsis. From the result gotten, the mean lactoferrin levels in the breast milk of mothers with healthy babies were colostrum (9.55 ± 10.61 mg/ml), transitional milk (9.18 ± 10.02 mg/ml) and mature milk (9.19 ± 8.81 mg/ml). However, lower values were obtained that were statistically significant at P<0.05 for the lactoferrin levels in the breast milk of mothers with sick babies. The overall result showed that colostrum had the highest lactoferrin value as compared to transitional and mature milk even as the mean values in the mothers with sick babies were still significantly lower than those obtained from mothers with healthy babies. Age variations were also shown to play significant roles in the level of lactoferrin in breast milk. For the mothers with healthy babies at age 20 and below, the mean value for colostrum, transitional and mature milk were 9.00 ± 8.36, 14.00 ± 13.00 and 8.00 ± 9.00 mg/ml, respectively. The result for the mothers between 31–40 years showed 5.00 ± 1.00 mg/ml for colostrum, 12.00 ± 11.00 mg/ml for transitional milk and 8.00 ± 9.00 mg/ml for mature milk. Mothers with sick babies had lower values when compared to the corresponding ages of the mothers with healthy babies. The study thus showed that lower levels of lactoferrin in mother’s breast milk could induce the development of neonatal sepsis and age variation was shown to be capable of affecting the level of lactoferrin in the breast milk.
Key words: Breast feeding, mothers, sick babies, healthy babies, lactoferin, colostrums, transitional, mature milk.
A. A. Ahmad, W. N. Ogala and T. B. Balogun, E. E. Ella*, V. J. Umoh
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1067Research Article
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research paper
The correlation of pre-pregnancy body surface area and the rate of cervical dilation in term nulliparous women
Fariba Mirblook1 and Mitra Ahmad Soltani2*
1Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Obstetric Gynecology, Iran.
256-Shariaty All- Kord St- Ressalat highway, Tehran, Iran.
Accepted 12 October, 2019
Abstract
The objective of this study is to examine the correlation of maternal body surface area with cervical dilation in nulliparous women at term. Data from nulliparous women with a term pregnancy referred to Al-Zahra Maternity Hospital in Rasht were collected from November 2008 - May 2009. Inclusion criteria were: singleton pregnancy, nulliparity, estimated fetal weight of less than 4000 g, gestational age of 37 - 41 weeks, pre-pregnancy BMI of less than 30 kg/m², no history of medical disorders, no probable CPD, contractions of at least 3/10 min of more than 45 s duration, Bishop score of more than 10, vertex presentation, occiput anterior position and at least two dilation measurements on vaginal examinations by one person within one hour. Results showed that cervical dilation had a positive correlation with body surface area (r = 0.21, p < 0.012). It is concluded that maternal pre-pregnancy body surface area was independently affecting labor duration in the subjects studied.
Key words: Maternal pre pregnancy body surface area, active phase, rate of cervical dilation, duration of labor, body mass index, Rohrer index.
Fariba Mirblook, Mitra Ahmad Soltani*
Page: 1 - 6
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1066Research Article
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Assessment of current iodine status of pregnant women in a suburban area of Imo State Nigeria, twelve years after universal salt iodization
Cosmas O. Ujowundu*, Agwu I. Ukoha, Comfort N. Agha, Ngwu Nwachukwu and Kalu O. Igwe
Biochemistry Department, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 09 October, 2019
Abstract
Three hundred and two pregnant women participated in this study. Our results showed that the range, mean and median urinary iodine excretion (UIE) were 28.1 to 218.1, 152.09 ± 41.65 and 163.1 µg/l, respectively. The range, mean and median TSH concentration were 0.7 - 5.9, 1.4 ± 0.7 and 1.3 µIU/ml, respectively. Our results showed that none of the women have severe iodine deficiency, 2% had moderate iodine deficiency, 12% had mild iodine deficiency, while 80% had optimal iodine nutrition and 6% have more than adequate. We observed a progressive and significant (P = 0.0009) decrease in the mean UIE from the 1st to the 3rd trimester. We observed also that 95% of the pregnant women had TSH concentration within the normal range. The TSH values between the three trimesters showed no significant difference (P = 1.20). The Urinary Iodine Excretion and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone concentration values suggest that iodine deficiency has been eliminated as a public health problem in Orlu. The progressive decrease in the median UIE from the 1st to the 3rd trimester should be addressed to meet the increased demand of iodine as a result of the pregnancy.
Key words: Urinary iodine, thyroid stimulating hormone, iodine deficiency, hyperthyroidism, pregnant women, Orlu, Nigeria.
Cosmas O. Ujowundu*, Agwu I. Ukoha, Comfort N. Agha, Ngwu Nwachukwu and Kalu O. Igwe
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1065Short Communication
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-003, October, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Short Communication
A comparative study on ofloxacin and azithromycin in combination with metronidazole to outpatients with pelvic inflammatory disease
Fariba Mirblook1, Maryam Asgharnia1, Kambiz Forghanparast2 and Mitra Ahmad Soltani1*
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alzahra Hospital, Guilan university of Medical Sciences, Namjo street Rasht, Guilan , Iran.
2Faculty of Medicine, Guilan university of Medical Sciences , Rasht, Guilan , Iran.
Accepted 09 April, 2019
Abstract
This study aims to compare two oral treatments: Ofloxacin and Metronidazole, with Azithromycin and Metronidazole in outpatients with Pelvic Inflammatory Disease. This study was carried out by Randomized Clinical Trial in Al-zahra Women Hospital of Rasht. Two hundred women were selected based on eligibility criteria of having three out of the five following symptoms: lower abdominal pain, vaginal discharge, adnexal tenderness, cervical motion tenderness and cervisitis. Two hundred patients were divided randomly into two groups (A and B). Group A was treated with Ofloxacin (400 mg) with Metronidazole (500 mg) and Group B was treated with a single dose of oral Azithromycin (1gr) with Metronidazole (500 mg) for 10 days. These two regimens were compared in terms of side effects and efficacy. Patients were revisited 14 days after the beginning of the treatment by a physician. The continuation of even one clinical symptom was considered as treatment failure. The study was completed in a six month period. Two hundred patients were assigned into two groups of 100 patients per group and treated with medication regimens A or B. Eleven patients were excluded from the study (adverse drug reaction no=4, no return visit no=5, and lack of compliance with treatments no=2). Pre-treatment symptoms for the groups were not significantly different except CMT (P=0.015). Post-treatment cure rates for the two groups were 90.3% for group A and 93.75% for group B (p=0.383). There was no statistical difference in the outcome of treatments. GI upset in four patients in Met with Ofl, and three patients in Met with Azi group resulted in discontinuation of their treatment (р=0.206). Azithromycin was the preferred treatment for Pelvic Inflammatory Disease because of the simplicity and shorter duration of its use.
Key words: Pelvic inflammatory disease, ofloxacin, azithromycin, metronidazole.
Kambiz Forghanparast and Mitra Ahmad Soltani*, Maryam Asgharnia, Fariba Mirblook
Page: 1 - 3
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1064Research Article
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full length Research paper
A ten year clinical experience with intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) in a Nigerian tertiary health institution
Igwegbe A. O.*, Ugboaja J. O., and Monago E. N.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria.
Accepted 17 April, 2019
Abstract
The prevalence of contraceptive use is still very low in Nigeria and the intrauterine contraceptive device (IUCD) is a common long term and reversible method of family planning. A ten year retrospective study of IUCD acceptors at the family planning clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi was carried out. The socio-demographic characteristics, side effects/complications, duration of use, and reasons for discontinuation were analyzed. There were 861 IUCD acceptors among 1345 family planning clients giving the IUCD acceptance rate of 64.1%. Also 36.8% had used it previously. The mean age and number of living children were 30.7±5.7 years and 4.2±1.9, respectively. Both the mean age of the limiters (34.5 vs 29.0 years) and their number of living children (6.0 vs 3.5) were significantly higher than those for spacers (p = 0.00). Almost all the clients were married, majority (89.3%) had secondary and or tertiary education and 70.2% were spacers. The mean duration of use was 3.1±1.9 years. Most of the clients (82.4%) did not experience any side effect/complication. The common side effects/complications were vaginal discharge (7.7%), menorrhagia (1.9%), and missing IUCD (1.9%). In multivariate analysis the duration of use correlated positively with the number of living children (p = 0.00) while age had no effect on the duration of use (p = 0.025). Clients with secondary and or tertiary education reported side effects more than those with lesser level of education. The desire for pregnancy (36%) was the commonest reason for its discontinuation and the average discontinuation rate was 55.1%. The contraceptive prevalence in relation to the number of deliveries within the study period was low (12.4%) . There is great need to intensify motivation and health education on the availability and benefits of IUCD. Also provision of free commodity and services shall improve its utilization and promote maternal health.
Key words: Family planning, IUCD, utilization.
and Monago E. N., Igwegbe A. O.*, Ugboaja J. O.
Page: 1 - 7
https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1063Research Article
International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 7 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2019. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The influence of mode of delivery on the levels of high-sensitivity C - reactive protein determined in umbilical cord blood
Aysem Kaya1, Güner Karatekin2*, Isıl Uzunhasan3 and Sami Hatıpo lu4
1Departmant of Biochemistry, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
2Samsun Maternity and Childrens Hospital, Samsun, Turkey.
3Departmant of Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
4Department of Pediatrics, Sadi Konuk Bakirköy Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Accepted 23 March, 2019
Abstract
Data suggest that the fetus responds to chronic hypoxia by higher umbilical cord blood high-sensitive CRP concentrations. In order to evaluate the effects of acute hypoxia on fetus, cord blood high-sensitive CRP concentrations according to the delivery mode were compared. High-sensitive CRP concentration was measured by an immunonephelometric method in umbilical cord blood samples from 45 newborns born by different delivery modes (15 newborns by vaginal delivery, 15 newborns by elective cesarean section and 15 newborns by emergency section delivery due to acute hypoxia). No significant differences in high -sensitive CRP concentrations were documented between the three groups of newborns. However, a moderate negative correlation was determined between cord blood pH, pO2, and hs-CRP concentrations (p<0.05). In conclusion, the mode of delivery reflecting acute hypoxia did not influence cord blood high-sensitive CRP levels in newborns.
Key words: Inflammation, CRP, mode of delivery.
Isıl Uzunhasan and Sami Hatıpo lu, Aysem Kaya, Güner Karatekin*
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https://doi.org/10.46882/IJOG/1062