International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Value of direct antigen detection methods in diagnosing women with suspected genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection

Salah Abd El-Fatah Agha¹, Noha El-Mashad¹*, Shirien Amin Rakha¹ and Abd El Gawwad El Metwally²

¹Clinical Pathology - Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.

²Department of Obestetric and Gyneocology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University. Egypt

Accepted 21 October, 2021

Abstract

Establishing a method that would allow the quick and cost- effective diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) is of highest interest. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of direct antigen detection methods [direct fluorescent antigen detection (DFA), Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)] in comparison to culture method, to establish the most reliable and easy technique for diagnosing of C. trachomatis in females with suspected infection. Seventy patients were selected from females attending Outpatient Gynecology Clinic, Mansoura University Hospital, who were consulting for symptoms suggestive of genital infection. Two cervical swabs were taken from each patient and examined for C. trachomatis by direct detection methods. McCoy cell culture detected by immunofluorescence was positive in 16 cases (gold standard) . Direct fluorescent antigen detection (DFA), ELISA and PCR were compared to McCoy cell culture in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values. Sensitivity of DFA was lower than its specificity. Antigen detection by ELISA was positive in 28 (40%) cases. NPV (83.33%) and PPV (32.14%). Sensitivity of PCR compared to culture was 81.25% and specificity was 90.74%. In conclusion, McCoy cell culture assay is the most reliable test but tedious. Combination of PCR and DFA tests could optimize diagnosis of female genital C. trachomatis infection. Reevaluation of ELISA depending upon multiple tests as gold standard may increase its sensitivity and specificity.

Key words: Chalmydia trachomatis, direct antigen detection, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2736-1594, Vol. 10 (1), pp. 001-008, January, 2022. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Evaluation of the effects of gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos on implantation and neonatal mice

S. F. Ambali¹*, S. O. Abbas¹, M. Shittu¹, T. Dzenda¹, M. U. Kawu¹, S. O. Salami² and J. O. Ayo¹

¹Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

²Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.

Accepted 23 March, 2022

Abstract

Exposure to some organophosphate (OP) compounds during pregnancy has been associated with adverse health consequence on both the mother and the offspring. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) during gestation on implantation and on some neonatal parameters in mice. Twenty one virgin Swiss albino mice divided into 3 groups of 7 mice each served as subjects for this study. Mice in group 1 were dosed with corn oil (control), while those in groups 2 and 3 were exposed to CPF at a dose of 15.9 mg/kg (~15% LD ₅₀) and 21.2 mg/kg (~20% LD₅₀), respectively. All the dams were dosed between gestation days (GD) 6 - 15 and monitored for signs of toxicity and gestation length. At birth, the litter size and weight, and the anogenital distance of the pups were measured. The pups were evaluated for physical characteristics and death. The dams were sacrificed at postnatal day 22, and the uterine horns evaluated for number of implantation sites. The results showed a significant decrease in the litter size and weight, and anogenital distance in pups exposed to CPF in utero compared to the control. In addition, all the pups prenatally exposed to CPF were born weak and died few days postpartum. A dose-dependent increase in percentage post-implantation loss was observed in mice dosed with CPF. In conclusion, exposure of pregnant mice to CPF caused increased gestation length, and postimplantation loss, decreased litter size and weight, survivability and anogenital distance.

Key words: Chlorpyrifos, implantation, gestation length, anogenital distance, litter size, weight, mice.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-007, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Vaginal lactobacillus distributions and functions in pregnant women

Li Lin*, Hain-ing Yang and Jianrong Su

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital–affiliated to Capital Medical University of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100050, China.

Accepted 19 January, 2021

Abstract

Lactobacillus plays an important role in keeping the vaginal micro-ecological balance and inhibiting the growth and reproduction of pathogens. However, the knowledge of Lactobacillus distributions and functions in pregnant women remains unclear. The study was undertaken the prevalence of Lactobacillus and the specific strains of Lactobacillus present in vaginal discharge from women at different stages of pregnancy. This study was performed between October 2009 and January 2010 at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Affiliate of Capital University of Medical Sciences, China. pH value of vaginal discharges was determined, vaginal discharges were collected and Lactobacillus were isolated and cultured, hydrogen peroxide generation of Lactobacillus was performed on 120 pregnant women. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS 11.5 software. Among the 120 samples of vaginal discharge, Lactobacilli was isolated in 104 samples (86.7%), 80 were Lactobacillus acidophilus (76.9%), 80 were LB+ (76.9%), 64 were L. acidophilus. Most L. acidophilus isolates could produce hydrogen peroxide. pH gradually decreased with ongoing pregnancy, but there were no significant differences among the three trimesters (P>0.05). Our results indicated that L. acidophilus is the dominant bacterial strain in terms of the vaginal Lactobacillus distributions and functions in pregnant women.

Key words: Lactobacillus, vaginal, pregnant women.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 9 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Risk factors of preterm delivery of low birth weight (plbw) in an African population

Claude Bayingana^1,2*, Claude Mambo Muvunyi² and Charlene W. J. Africa¹

¹Department of Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, Belville 7535, South Africa.

²Department of Clinical Biology, National University of Rwanda, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire-Butare, Rwanda.

Accepted 22 January, 2021

Abstract

More than 20 million infants in the world (15.5% of all births) are born with low birth weight. Ninety-five percent of them are in developing countries. The objective of this study was to examine different factors which may contribute to preterm delivery of low birth weight (PLBW) in a recent sample of Rwandan birth. The study sample included 200 randomly selected women admitted to the department of obstetrics-gynecology of the teaching hospital of Butare in Rwanda. Mothers were asked to complete a questionnaire and obstetrics records were used in order to identify factors which might pose a health risk to them and their infants. Maternal weight, height, history of previous preterm and healthy conditions of the children in the family showed a significant relationship with PLBW. Maternal level of education, number of pregnancies of the mother, urinary tract infection, sexually transmitted disease, antibiotic administration, diabetes, history of heart disease, alcohol consumption and smoking showed a relationship with PLBW but the relationship was not significant. More studies are required for a better understanding of the mechanism leading to preterm delivery of low birth infants.

Key words: Africa, pregnancy, preterm delivery, low birth weight infants.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 9 (2), pp. 001-003, February, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Case Report

Is Mullerian Agenesis a common association with Mosaic Turner Syndrome, a case report

Abeer Aly El Shabacy, MOHAMED A. EL-NAGGAR, Sahar H. Quashwa and Eman R. Amer

M.D. Obstetrics and gynecology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

M.D. Obstetrics and gynecology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

M.D Clinical pathology, Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

Ph.D Clinical pathology Benha Teaching Hospital, Egypt.

Accepted 06 October, 2020

Abstract

We report a young girl who presented with delayed menarche and uterine absence as detected by ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonant Imaging. Evaluation of the case revealed Mosaic Turner Syndrome (45X/46XX). Early loss of gonadal function is the usual presentation of Turner Syndrome and will be thought-about in any case of delayed puberty. Follow-up imaging for apparently absent uterus particularly once begin of sex hormone replacement medical aid to verify a traditional uterus. It is traumatic for both the patient and her family to be informed by the absence of her uterus which has vital implications for long-run fertility.

Keyword: Mosaic Turner Syndrome, absent uterus, primary amenorrhea.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN: 2736-1594 Vol. 9 (1), pp. 001-007, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effectiveness of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria in detecting Gestational Diabetes among women attending a Tertiary Care Hospital in Sri Lanka

Jayawardena G.R.M.U.G.P^1,2, Guruparan K^1,2, Sumathipala W.L.D.S³, Ratnasiri U.D.P² and Senanayake H.M⁴

¹Post Graduate Institute of medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

²Desoysa Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka.

³Facultyof Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

⁴Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Sri Lanka.

Abstract

Accepted 16 December, 2020

Abstract 

The aim of this prospective descriptive cross sectional study was to investigate the utility of a single value non fasting glucose tolerance test as described by the Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) in detecting GDM. Sample of 165 pregnant women between 24-28 weeks of gestation was recruited from a tertiary care maternity hospital in Sri Lanka. All women had the DIPSI and standard OGTT tests performed within a one week and results compared using standard non parametric tests. According to the IADPSG criteria 20% (33/165) had GDM, compared to 22.4% (37/165) detected by DIPSI. Sensitivity of DIPSI criteria was 64% while specificity was 88%. The area under receiver operator curve was 0.8. The mean satisfaction for DIPSI was of 8.9 ± 0.4, compared to 4.7 ± 1.3 for OGTT (p<0.001). Analysis of false positives showed that it was mainly due to elevated fasting values in the IADPSG criteria. Although DIPSI has a low sensitivity compared to the IADPSG criteria, area under the ROC curve is 0.80 indicating its utility for diagnosing GDM. It has additional advantages of allowing a diagnosis of GDM in a single visit and high acceptability among women.

Key words: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group India, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test.