International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (8), pp. 001-004, August, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Papers

The relationship between thrombophilia and intrauterine growth restriction

Fakhrolmolouk Yassaee*, Parisa Taherzadeh and Ali Reza Abadi

Infertility and Reproductive Health Research Center, Shaheed Beheshti Medical Sciences University, Evin, 3^rd Floor, Taleghani Hospital, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 10 May, 2020

Abstract

Approximately 0.7 to 2% of the general population have thrombophilia, but it is estimated that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is due to thrombophilia in 35% of cases. Although the role of thrombophilia in IUGR is not completely known but its destructive effect on placental vasculature is the pathophysiologic cause of defect in transfer of oxygen for fetal growth. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of thrombophilia in fetal growth. This was a case-control study with prospective enrollment. In this study, sera from 43 pregnant women with IUGR and 20 pregnant women with appropriate fetal growth as control were tested for thrombophilia polymorphism (protein S, protein C, factor V leiden, antithrombin III, homocystein, lupus anticoagulant Ab, Anti caradiolipin Ab). Data collection forms and SPSS software were used for analyses. Of 43 women with IUGR, 13(30.2%) and 1(5%) in the control group had positive results for thrombophilia (P=0. 027, OR=8.23). By using logistic regression test, there was significant relation between thrombophilia polymorphism and growth of femur length. We found correlation between the presence of thrombophilia factor and femur length, but in previous studies thrombophilia was correlated with fetal growth restriction and specific fetal biometry does not mention whether fetal index is under the influence of thrombophilia.

Key words: Thrombophilia, pregnancy, intrauterine growth restriction.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (7), pp. 001-007, July, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Anaemia, malaria burden and its control methods among pregnant women in a semi-urban community of northern Nigeria

Jombo G. T. A.¹*, Mbaawuaga E. M. ², Ayegba A. S.² and Araoye M. A.³

¹Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Benue State University, P. M. B. 102119 Makurdi, Nigeria.

²Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Benue State University, PMB 102119 Makurdi, Nigeria.

³Department of Internal Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Benue state University, P. M. B. 102119 Makurdi, Nigeria.

Accepted 11 January, 2020

Abstract 

The study was carried out to ascertain the incidence of malaria parasitaemia and associated anaemia among pregnant women in a semi-urban community nine years after commencement of roll back malaria (RBM) initiative. The study was hospital-based among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at a central hospital. Structured questionnaires were administered containing relevant information on age, educational level, number of previous pregnancies and methods used for malaria control. Thick and thin blood films from capillary blood were stained with Giema’s stain and examined microscopically for malaria parasites. Packed cell volume (PCV) and blood groups were also carried out while body temperatures were measured using mercurial thermometers. Ethical clearance and informed consents were appropriately obtained. Data was analysed using Epi info 6 statistical software. The incidence of malaria parasitaemia was found to be 308 (42.4%); Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium malariae accounted for 302 (98%) and 6 (2%) of the isolates respectively. Anaemia was detected in 221 (71.6%) of the subjects with malaria parasites (P< 0.001). The rate of use of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) was 165 (22.7%) with a significantly lower rate of infection (22.2%) among them compared to other control methods (P< 0.001); there was a corresponding significantly higher rate of infection 253 (67.1%) among the uneducated compared to the educated (P< 0.001). Malaria is still a major health problem among pregnant women in Otukpo. Efforts should be intensified towards provision of insecticide treated bed nets (ITNs) and provision of adequate facilities for formal and informal adult education.

Key words: Malaria, parasitaemia, insecticide treated bed nets, pregnant women, Nigeria.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-004, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the relationship between morning sickness and rhesus status in pregnant women in Nigeria

G.  Oze^1*, R. Oze², B. Anyaehie³, H. Nwanjo⁴, P. Nwankpa¹, S. Ezekwe¹, M. Okafor¹, G. Ojiegbe¹, I. Okoro⁵ and A. Orjiako⁶

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

²Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

³Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria.

⁵Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Imo State University Owerri, Nigeria.

⁶Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria.

Accepted 08 May, 2019

Abstract

Erythroblastosis fetalis is a haemolytic disease of the rhesus negative [Rh- ] mother after the first gestation of a[ Rh+] neonate. Morning sickness (MS) describes a series of neuro-endocrine disturbances characterized by nausea, hyperemesis gravidarum, nutritional selectivity, general debility, confusion and sometimes coma, especially in early pregnancy. It may be mild, moderate or severe and if managed unprofessionally may lead to teratogenicity, recurrent abortion or persistent neonatal death. The influence of the Rhesus negative factor on the intensity of MS was studied in 100 [Rh-] mothers. Another sample of 100 mothers served as control. The studied women were drawn from different social and tribal backgrounds. The study was conducted via questionnaires, personal interviews and medical history of the subjects obtained with their oral consent and that of their doctors. Data analysis showed that about 70% of the [Rh-] negative women belonged to blood group O, 22% to A, 40% to B, and 2% to AB. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the intensity and duration of MS between the test and control groups. Using the number of MS cases as an index, there were 90% cases of MS in [Rh- ] test and 88% cases in [Rh+] control groups respectively. The number of live births for each group was similar with 262 and 194 for [Rh+] mothers and [Rh- ] ones submitted to IgG Anti D (Rhagam) therapy. This study has established higher incidence of [Rh-] factor in blood group O in the sample population. It did not establish any relationship between the intensity of MS and Rhesus negative pregnant women. We, therefore, conclude that MS is independent of Rhesus status in pregnant women.

Key Words: Rhesus negativity, pregnancy, morning sickness, blood group.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (6), pp. 001-006, June, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Correlation of factors affecting family planning and adopted techniques used in the State of Uttarakhand, India

Abhimanyu Kumar^1*, Satya Pal² and Anshu Taunk³

¹Abhimanyu Kumar, Asst Prof. Sociology Govt. P.G. College, Ranikhet

²Satya Pal, Research Associate National Centre for agricultural economics and policy research Pusa, New Delhi

³Anshu Taunk, Advocate, Delhi High court, New Delhi

Accepted 21 May, 2020

Abstract

The State of Uttarakhand has experienced fertility decline significantly among couples residing both in rural and urban areas irrespective of their socio-economic conditions. In search of factors influencing fertility decline in the State, this study tries to explore family planning use, reasons of differentials in general and sterilization use it correlates in particular among rural women in Uttarakhand. Data collected from a random sample of 800 women, in the reproductive age group drawn through a random sampling based on the female literacy rate spread over four district of Uttarakhand. It was revealed that the major reasons perceived by rural women for using family planning were ‘less income and high expenditure’ and ‘desire for quality of children.’ The sterilization use was more by the women with good socio-economic conditions as compared to their counterparts. The different factors which are positively associated with sterilization use are – membership in mahila -sangtan (clubs for rural women), professional desire for sons and daughters, educational aspiration for sons and daughters, desire to have house and economic constraints for having children.

Key words: Couples, socio-economic conditions, family planning, rural women and sterilization.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (5), pp. 001-010, May, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and risk factors of unintended pregnancies among married women in Damot Gale Woreda Southern Ethiopia

Tadele Kebede Lako, M.Sc^1* and Nigatu Regassa Geda, PhD²

¹*Addis Ababa University, Institute of Population Studies, Addis Ababa (generated the data for partial fulfillment of Masters Degree in Population Studies)

²Hawassa University, Institute of Environment, Gender and Development; P.O.Box 679, Hawassa, SNNPR, Ethiopia.

Accepted 05 April, 2020

Abstract

The main objective of this study is to examine the prevalence and risk factors for unintended pregnancies among selected married women in Damot Gale Woreda (a district in Southern Ethiopia). A multistage sampling technique was used to select women respondents in the reproductive age group of 15-49 years. Quantitative and qualitative data were obtained using structured questionnaires, focus group discussion and key informants interview. The dependent variable is unintended pregnancy. Demographic, socio-cultural and service related characteristics were used as explanatory variables. Of 713 women surveyed, 302(42.4 %) reported that their most recent pregnancies were unintended. Most of the women (89%) knew at least one modern Family Planning (FP) methods. Further, we found that 84% of the women have never discussed with husbands about issues concerning FP, and 80% of women have never been visited by health workers. Major reasons mentioned for failure to avoid unintended pregnancy were lack of knowledge, disapproval by husband, difficulty to get method and method failure. The predicted probability, using logistic regression, has shown that women with delayed age at marriage, with lower parity, women exposed to radio, women who discus about FP issues with husband; those who have autonomy on their health care and those visited by FP workers are less exposed to unintended pregnancy. Finally, based on the key findings, some workable recommendations are given which includes: sustainable behavioral changes among community members, reforms in disseminating family planning and related information, enhancing women’s status at all levels through formal and non-formal education, strengthening the follow up system on FP workers and beneficiaries, improving inter- spousal communication through peer or informal education and community level orientation.

Key words: Unwanted Pregnancy, Contraception, Determinants, Southern Ethiopia, Damot Gale.