International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Study on the knowledge, attitude and practice about HIV/AIDS and its influencing factors among pregnant mothers in the social institute of health and hygiene of Dakar

Sow P. G. ^1,2,3*, Wade F.¹, Toure K.^2,3,4,5_, Ndiaye I. P.⁴, and Traore I.^1,2,3,4

¹Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sociale Institute of health and Hygiene of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.

²Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dakar University, Dakar, Senegal.

³UFR Community Health, Bambey University, Diourbel, Senegal.

⁴Laboratory of Bacteriology and Virology of Dakar, Aristide le Dantec Hospital, Dakar, Senegal.

⁵Hospital Center of Fann, Dakar, Senegal.

Accepted 15 September, 2019

Abstract

Pregnant women are at higher risk of transmitting the infections to their foetus. This prompted the “prevention of mother to child transmission (PMTCT) program” in Senegal since 1998. The objective of this cross sectional study was to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice of pregnant mothers in the social Institute of health and hygiene of Dakar towards human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and its influencing factors. Data were obtained through self administered questionnaires. Only 32.2% of the respondents have good knowledge, compared to 67.8% who had poor knowledge (p < 0.001). Majority of them (56.4%) have good attitude and practice towards HIV/AIDS compared to the remaining poor attitude and practice respondent (44.4%) (p < 0.001). Radio/TV (90.2%) and reading materials (83.9%) were the main sources of obtaining information. Main predictors for having good knowledge towards HIV/AIDS were women aged over 30 years old, have high education, who perceived on having good knowledge towards HIV/AIDS and received health education from health staffs. Meanwhile, predictors for having good attitude and practice towards HIV/AIDS were women having high education and received health education from health staffs. Therefore, implementation of PMCTC must be reviewed regularly to ensure the program reach its targets.

Key words: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), mother to child transmission, knowledge, attitude and practice.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research paper

Prevalence and determinants of non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy among HIV- positive pregnant women in Nnewi, Nigeria

A. O. Igwegbe*, J. O. Ugboaja and L. A. Nwajiaku

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 5025, Nnewi, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 August, 2019

Abstract

Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is central to a successful prevention of mother- to- child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programme by ensuring optimal viral suppression. However, barriers to adherence exist and differ among populations. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 368 HIV-positive pregnant mothers attending the PMTCT clinic at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital Nnewi, Nigeria to determine the prevalence and demographic variables related to non-adherence to ART. The mean age and parity of the women were 30.4 ± 4.4 years and 2.5 ± 2.0 respectively. Majority (97.0%) were married and had achieved secondary education and above (86.9%). One hundred and sixty five (44.8%) had been on ART for more than 2 years while 37.0 % commenced ART in the index pregnancy. The non adherence rate was 21.7%. The common reasons for missing ARV drugs were forgetfulness (63.8%); feeling healthy and hence no need to take ARV drugs (16.3%) and living very far from the hospital (15.0%) . Increasing maternal age (X² = 13.6; P = 0.001), low educational level (X² = 39.36 P = 0.002), extremes of parity (X² = 11.3 P = 0.03), husband’s low educational level (X² = 13.8; P = 0.01), being in a sero-concordant relationship (X² = 6.2; P = 0.05) and non-disclosure of HIV serostatus (X² = 12.96; P = 0.003) were significantly associated with non adherence to ART. Those women who had been on ART for up to 2 years and beyond (X² = 9.52; P = 0.001), and those in whom the diagnosis of HIV was made before pregnancy (X² = 5.21; P = 0.02) were more likely to be non -adherent to therapy. These factors are recommended to guide counseling and design of programmes aimed at reducing non-adherence to ART.

Key words: Non-adherence, anti retroviral therapy, PMTCT, Nnewi, Nigeria.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-005, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Prevalence and determinants of unmet need for family planning in Nnewi, south-east Nigeria

Anthony, O. Igwegbe*, Joseph, O. Ugboaja and Emmanuel, N. Monago

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, P. M. B. 5025 Nnewi, Nigeria.

Accepted 03 August, 2019

Abstract

The unmeet need for family planning is a very useful tool in measuring and predicting the contraceptive needs of a population. A descriptive cross sectional study of 356 women attending the antenatal clinic of Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Nigeria, was carried out to determine the level of unmeet need and its determinants. Three hundred and forty (95.5%) of the respondents had knowledge about family planning, while 260 (73.3%) had ever used a modern method. There is a significant lag between the knowledge and use of the common methods of family planning. Ninety eight out of 356 pregnancies (27.5%) were unintended. Seventy six of the unintended pregnancies were due to non use of contraceptives hence an unmeet need of 21.4% with 15.2% for spacing and 6.2% for limiting. Husband’s disapproval (36.8%), fear of side effects (28.9%) and religious beliefs (14.8%) were the main constraints to the use of contraceptives. There is a significant association between parity and unmeet need. Age, level of education, religion and husband’s occupation had no significant effects. There is great need to intensify reproductive health education and include men in programs and policies designed to improve family planning practices in Nigeria.

Key words: Family planning, unmet need, antenatal women.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-008, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

A study of the role of hydrogen peroxide production by lactobacilli in preterm labor

Alaa Mosbah¹* and Maggie Reda Mesbah²

¹Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.

²Medical Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Egypt.

Accepted 21 August, 2019

Abstract

Some species of lactobacilli are hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) producers which may have a protective effect against vaginal colonization by pathogenic species. The aim of this study was to investigate the lactobacillary flora in normal pregnant women and pregnant women with preterm labor, by smear and Nugent score and to assess the distribution of lactobacilli generating hydrogen peroxide in both groups and its correlation to preterm labor. Vaginal specimens were obtained from 60 normal pregnant women and 40 pregnant women with preterm labor with intact membranes. Leukocytic counts, pH detection and Nugent score were done. Isolation and semi-quantification of vaginal lactobacilli on Man-Rogosa-Sharp media (MRS) and then identification of lactobacilli by detection of 1,350 bp fragment of 16S rRNA gene by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were done. Lactobacilli were finally tested for their production of hydrogen peroxide. Nugent score was significantly higher in women with preterm labor with intact membranes than normal pregnant women (p<0.001) . There was significant high isolation of lactobacilli in normal pregnant women as it was isolated from 47(78.3%) normal pregnant women and from 15(37.5%) pregnant women with preterm labor with intact membranes (p<0.001). As regards hydrogen peroxide production from the isolated strains, there was a highly significant difference between both groups as after 30 min, hydrogen peroxide producing lactobacilli were isolated from 59.6% of normal pregnant women isolates and 20% of preterm labor women isolates (P<0.001). After 1 h, the percentage of isolation had increased to 72.5 and 30% in both groups, respectively. With regard to the pregnancy outcomes, the incidence of preterm delivery was significantly reduced in the strong positive group. Hydrogen peroxide production by vaginal lactobacilli may be used as a simple test for detection of women at high risk of preterm labor.

Key words: Lactobacilli, hydrogen peroxide, vaginal flora, pregnant women.

International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology ISSN 2326-7234 Vol. 8 (2), pp. 001-006, February, 2020. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Clinico-biochemical correlation with special reference to oxidized LDL and small dense LDL in Indian women with CAD

Sunita Suman Bala Sharma¹*, Dinesh Puri¹, Ram Lagan Tripathi¹ and Sridhar Dwivedi²

¹Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.

²Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences and Guru Teg Bahadur Hospital, Delhi, India.

Accepted 13 September, 2019

Abstract

In women with coronary artery disease (CAD), clinical presentation is different enough from men which lead to missed or delayed diagnosis of CAD. We therefore assessed the major risk factors and biomarkers in female subjects with CAD. Venous sample of control, unstable angina (UA) and myocardial infarction (MI) patients were taken. In Both UA and MI patients, predominant risk factor was menopause (76.7% UA, 86.7% MI) followed by hypertension (56.7% UA, 60% MI), central obesity (56.7% MI, 56.7% UA), dyslipidemia (50% UA, 50% MI) and diabetes mellitus (50% UA, 33.3% MI). Total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were highly significant (p<0.001) in MI and UA as compared to controls. LDL cholesterol was significantly increased (p<0.05) in MI as compared to UA. Triglycerides and HDL-Cholesterol were also increased but not at the significant level (p>0.05). Apolipoprotein (ApoB), small dense LDL and oxidized- LDL (Ox-LDL) were highly significant (p<0.001) in MI and UA as compared to controls. Based on discriminate analysis ox-LDL is a potential marker to discriminate cases of UA from controls while ApoB is the reliable marker which can discriminate the cases of MI from UA and controls.

Key words: Coronary artery disease, dyslipidemia, apolipoprotein B, small dense LDL, oxidized LDL.