International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (10), pp. 093-098, October, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Effects of (Bauhinia purpurea) leaf extract against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal ulcer in rats

Fuzal E. Naru

Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Selangor, P.O. Box 43400, Selangor, Malaysia.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 26 September, 2014

Abstract 

Bauhinia purpurea is a medicinal plant commonly used traditionaly in the treatment of many ailments. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of ethanolic extracts of B. purpurea ethanolic leaf extract (BPELE) against absolute ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in experimental rats. The rats were divided into four groups, respectively pre-treated orally with carboxymethyl cellulose solution (ulcer control groups), omeprazole 20 mg/kg (reference group), 250 and 500 mg/kg of BPELE (experimental groups) 1 h before oral administration of absolute ethanol to generate gastric mucosal damage. After an additional hour, the rats were sacrificed and the ulcer areas of the gastric walls were determined. The ulcer control group exhibited severe mucosal injury, whereas groups pre-treated with B. purpurea ethanolic leaf extract exhibited significant protection of gastric mucosal damage. These findings were also confirmed by histology of gastric wall. Significant increases in gastric mucus production and decrease in acidity of gastric content were observed in treated groups with BPELE compare to ulcer control group. These results concluded that the treatment with BPELE prior to absolute alcohol has significantly protect gastric mucosa as ascertained grossly by significant reduction of ulcer area, increases in gastric mucus production and deecrease the acidity of gastric content and histology by comparatively decreases in gastric mucosal damage, reduction or absence of edema and leucocytes infiltration of submucosal layer compared to ulcer control group. BPELE was able to decrease the acidity and increase the mucosal defense in the gastric area thereby justifying its use as an antiulcerogenic agent.

Key words: Bauhinia purpurea, cytoprotection, gastric ulcer, mucosal defense, histology.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (10), pp. 091-092, October, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Pterocarpus osun extract as a histological stain for collagen fibres

Abubakar Bukar*, Hammed Olla and Harshanti O.

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Histopathology Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Technology University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 11 September, 2014

Abstract 

The staining ability of Pterocarpus osun extract on tissue sections was determined. 2 kg of P. osun stem was dried, milled to obtain a fine powder and a red pigment extracted from the powder with 1 L of 70% ethanol at 78°C for 24 h. The alcoholic alkaline and acidic extracts were used to stain tissue sections. Collagen fibres, red blood cells and muscles were stained in shades of reddish brown. Preliminary phytochemical screening of this extract revealed that it contained alkaloids, steroid ring, cardiac glycosides and reducing sugar.

Key words: Pterocarpus osun, phytochemical screening, tissue sections, stain, mordant.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (9), pp. 086-090, September, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histological, biochemical and haematological effects of crude oil intake by Chinchilla rabbits

Abubakar Bukar*, Hammed Olla and Harshanti O.

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Histopathology Unit, Faculty of Health Science and Technology University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 28 August, 2014

Abstract 

The negative consequences of crude oil exploration and exploitation on the health status of exposed individuals cannot be over emphasized, regardless of its financial benefits. Besides, consumption of this crude oil by the rural populace living in oil rich regions as traditional medicine for illnesses have raised local and international questions as to its safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological effects related to Escravos crude oil ingestion by Chinchilla rabbits. A total of thirty Chinchilla rabbits of age twelve to fourteen weeks and weighing 1.2 to 1.45 kg was used. Crude oil was orally given at the dose of 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/kg body weight, corresponding to groups B, C, D and E, respectively for 28 days, while group A was the Control. The result showed a significant increase in the total white blood cell, monocyte, granulolytic leucocyte, platelet counts, C-reactive protein and serum creatinine (p < 0.05). Microscopy of the stained tissue sections showed marked deposition of collagen fibers, glomerulonephritis and atrophic glomeruli among others. There is an agreement between the biochemical, haematological and histological findings. Thus, Escravos crude oil is suggested to have a potential to cause haematoxicity and alter the architecture of the kidney.

Key words: Rabbits, creatinine, C-reactive protein, collagen fibers, Escravos crude oil, granulolytic leucocyte, kidney, microscopy, monocytes, platelets.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (8), pp. 079-085, August, 2014.  © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Contrast of somatic embryogenesis and callus induction of some cottons (GOSSYPIUM Spp.) with Coker 312 and histology of somatic embryogenesis

Hesamedin Tahmasebi, Soroush Ardalan and Arzhang O.

Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 29 July 2014

Abstract

Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis from hypocotyl explants of some Iranian cottons spp. (Hashem abad, Kerman, Termez and Sepid) were compared with Coker 312 through induction and formation of embryogenic calli on medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) with Gamborg vitamins (B₅) supplemented with the following compositions: MSB₁ (0.5 mg/l zeatin), MSB₂ (1 mg/l zeatin), MSB₃ (0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.1 mg/l kinetin), MSB₄ (1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.5 mg/l zeatin) and MSB₅ (2 mg/l α-naphtalene-3-acetic acid, 1 mg/l kinetin, 0.75 mg/l MgCl₂). The optimum medium for the proliferation of embryogenic calli was MS medium containing B₅ vitamins, 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.5 mg/l zeatin and the optimum medium for the development of somatic embryos was MS medium (NH₄NO₃ was removed and KNO₃ amount doubled) containing B₅ vitamins, 40 g/l sucrose and without hormone. Media MSB₁, MSB₂ and MSB₄ gave the highest percentage (100%) of calli induction in Coker 312 but the lowest induction (46.66%) was observed when Hashem abad explants were cultured in the MSB₃ medium. Embryogenesis percentage of Termez (2.22 to 24.40%), Hashem abad (1.85 to 9.73%) and Sepid (9.06 to 22.28%) genotypes were significantly lower than that of Coker 312 (66.66 to 94.33%). The Kerman genotype did not show embryogenesis. In the histological studies, the different development stages of the embryos (globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) together with callus cells were showed.

Key words: Hypocotyl explants, somatic embryo, in vitro regeneration, germination, somatic embryogenesis histology.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (8), pp. 077-078, August, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Short Communication

Effects of crude ethanolic extract on the reproductive system male wistar rats (Rattus novergicus)

Olukoya Monday and Balogun V.

Department of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, P. M. B. 5323, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

E-mail:[email protected]

Accepted 07 July, 2014

Abstract 

15 male rats were grouped and administered crude ethanolic extracts of Garcinia cambogia seeds to test the effects on the histology of the testis and sperm counts. Group A served as the control while Groups B and C received 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight of extracts, respectively. The administration was done orally once a day, six days a week for six weeks. The routine histological preparation at the end of administration revealed increase in the interstitial spaces, degeneration of the Ledgid cells and distortion in the arrangement of the cells of spermatogenic series. The sperm counts revealed a significant increase in the experimental groups when compared statistically with the control (p<0.05). It was 81.5 ± 13.62 ´ 10⁶/ml and 70 ± 12.98 ´ 10⁶/ml in groups Band C, respectively, as compared to 59.8 ± 2.14 ´ 10⁶/ml in the Control group.

Key words: Garcinia cambogia, sperm count, histology, Leydig cells, interstitial spaces.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (7), pp. 068-076, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histomorphometric study of gametogenesis sub-tropical breeders and helpers, co-operative breeder jungle babbler

Bozorgi Keyvan and Khukhan O.

Division of Avian Biology, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Islamic Azad University, P.O.Box 79085, Tehran, Iran.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 25 June, 2014

Abstract 

In majority of birds, the reproductive commotion is restricted to a favorable but short period of time. This results in crowding of several physiological and histological changes during its breeding state. Such changes take place in both sexes for successful breeding. Jungle Babblers are termed social/co-operative breeders because of the fact that the breeding pair is assisted by other individuals of the flock (termed as “helpers”). These helpers forgo their own breeding and show allo-parental behavior and help the parents in taking care of all the reproductive chores except egg formation and laying. To understand the breeding cycle, histological and histomorphometric studies of gonadal tissues were carried out in these birds. The testicular cycle of Jungle Babbler could be roughly divided into seven stages showing different types and numbers of germ cells. As per histomorphometric studies, the seminiferous tubule diameter and germ layer thickness increases in breeders. Interstitium reduces in diameter in breeders but is densely packed with leydig cells resulting in high steriodogenesis. Ovaries also show varying degree of follicular maturation in breeders, non-breeders and helpers. The breeding ovaries had maximum number of large follicles with largest diameter. The granulosa cells of the mature follicles are responsible for the production of progesterone the fact which is also supported by the progesterone titers. The non-breeding ovaries consists of maximum number of small follicles in cortical region whereas helpers show both mature as well as small follicles along with large number of atretic follicles. Helpers show intermediate number of mature follicles which results in subdued production of progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for parental behavior as well as oviduct development. Helpers lack a fully functional and active oviduct due to subdued progesterone levels but the titers are enough to evoke the allo-parental behavior in them. To support the findings, in this paper hormonal titers (viz. testosterone, progesterone (Bharucha and Padate; 2009), cholesterol and ascorbic acid concentration in gonads in different individuals are also represented. Therefore, considering the lack of knowledge of reproductive biology about TURDOIDES STRIATUS, the purpose of this paper consists of reporting a study on testicular and ovarian cycle in breeders and helpers. From this study it could be inferred that gonads of jungle babblers show cyclicity of development and regression during breeding and non-breeding states.

Key words: Jungle babbler, testicular cycle, mature follicle, atretic follicle.