ISSN 2756-3707
International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (8), pp. 079-085, August, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Contrast of somatic embryogenesis and callus induction of some cottons (GOSSYPIUM Spp.) with Coker 312 and histology of somatic embryogenesis
Hesamedin Tahmasebi, Soroush Ardalan and Arzhang O.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Urmia University, P.O. Box 165, Tehran, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 29 July 2014
Abstract
Callus induction and somatic embryogenesis from hypocotyl explants of some Iranian cottons spp. (Hashem abad, Kerman, Termez and Sepid) were compared with Coker 312 through induction and formation of embryogenic calli on medium of Murashige and Skoog (MS) with Gamborg vitamins (B5) supplemented with the following compositions: MSB1 (0.5 mg/l zeatin), MSB2 (1 mg/l zeatin), MSB3 (0.5 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.1 mg/l kinetin), MSB4 (1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l kinetin, 0.5 mg/l zeatin) and MSB5 (2 mg/l α-naphtalene-3-acetic acid, 1 mg/l kinetin, 0.75 mg/l MgCl2). The optimum medium for the proliferation of embryogenic calli was MS medium containing B5 vitamins, 1 mg/l 2,4-D, 0.5 mg/l kinetin and 0.5 mg/l zeatin and the optimum medium for the development of somatic embryos was MS medium (NH4NO3 was removed and KNO3 amount doubled) containing B5 vitamins, 40 g/l sucrose and without hormone. Media MSB1, MSB2 and MSB4 gave the highest percentage (100%) of calli induction in Coker 312 but the lowest induction (46.66%) was observed when Hashem abad explants were cultured in the MSB3 medium. Embryogenesis percentage of Termez (2.22 to 24.40%), Hashem abad (1.85 to 9.73%) and Sepid (9.06 to 22.28%) genotypes were significantly lower than that of Coker 312 (66.66 to 94.33%). The Kerman genotype did not show embryogenesis. In the histological studies, the different development stages of the embryos (globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary) together with callus cells were showed.
Key words: Hypocotyl explants, somatic embryo, in vitro regeneration, germination, somatic embryogenesis histology.