ISSN 2756-3707
Research Article
Appraisal of mammography in Nigerian women in a new teaching hospital
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 8 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2021. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Appraisal of mammography in Nigerian women in a new teaching hospital
Akinola, R. A.1*, Akinola, O. I.2, Shittu L. A. J.3, Balogun, B. O.1, Tayo, A. O.2
1Department of Radiology, Lagos State University College of Medicine/ Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
2Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lagos State University College of Medicine/ Lagos State University Teaching Hospital, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
3Department of Anatomy, Lagos state University, College of medicine, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria.
Accepted 27 November, 2020
Abstract
The advent of newer imaging techniques has necessitated the need for us to evaluate the distribution pattern of common and significant imaging findings on mammography at the Lagos state University Teaching Hospital. A retrospective study on all the 300 patients referred to the radiology department of LASUTH from August 2003 to August 2006 for mammography was carried out and the imaging findings were recorded using the American College of Radiology (ACR) Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRAD) classification method to assess mammographic density. However, ultrasound scans were done in patients less than 35 years of age who had a mass. The mammography images result revealed that majority of the breasts, about 39 (13%) were mainly fatty, 11 (3.7 %) were glandular, whereas, 3 (1%) were mainly fibrous. However, 149 (49.7%) were mixed (fibro-fatty) and 98 (32.7%) dense in nature. Using the BIRAD classification, 41 (13.7 %) patients were classified as Birad 1 whereas the majority of the cases seen, 154 (51.3 %) were classified as Birad 2, while 57 (19%) and 48 (16%) were categorized into Birad 3 and 4, respectively. However, mammographic findings were normal in 164 (54.7%) patients seen. Various types of calcifications were seen in 87 (29%) of patients. Of these, 22 (7.3 %) were microcalcifications. However, two of the confirmed malignant masses had microcalcifications and dilated ducts were seen in 3 (1%) patients. The nipple was tethered and inverted in 3 (1%) patients, skin thickening was seen in 3 (1%) patients, widened subcutaneous tissue in 3 (1%), scar in 2 (%). One (0.3%) patient had postsurgical clips, while skin fold was seen in one (0.3%). Of the six histology reports obtained, 3 (1%) were confirmed malignant, 2 (0.7%) were not malignant and one (0.3 %) was a fibrocystic disease. We found out that most masses seen were benign, although 33.3% of suspected cancer picked up on mammography was confirmed malignant. Also, microcalcifications were a strong indicator of malignancy in this study.
Key words: Mammography, Nigeria women, teaching hospital, imaging techniques.
Akinola , A. O., B. O., Shittu L. A. J., O. I., Akinola , R. A.*, Tayo , Balogun
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-006, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Molecular characters and expression analysis of a new isoform of the myocyte enhancer factor 2 gene from the silkworm, Bombyx mori
Qing-zhi Ling1, 2, Miao Yu2, Jia-Qi Zhang2, Lian-He Chu2 and Zhao-Jun Wei2*
1Department of Applied Biology, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical College, Ningbo, 315100, China.
2Department of Biotechnology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
Accepted 13 September, 2020
Abstract
Using reverse transcriptase- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the cDNA encoding a new isoform of the myocyte enhancer factor-2 (BMEF2) was cloned from the brain of the strain "Liangguang 2" of Bombyx mori. The open reading frame (ORF) of the new isoform shows 12 nucleotides absence of (GCACTCACAAAG) and three nucleotides mutation to the former BMEF2 (GenBank no. AB121093). Thus, we named it BMEF2B (GenBank no. EF100967). Using the SWISS-MODEL Prediction Server, the 3-D structure of BMEF2B was modeled. There are two β-turns and three α-helixes predicted in BMEF2B, with the pattern of α-β-β-α-α. The BMEF2B mRNA was detected not only in the central nervous system (CNS), including brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SG), thoracic ganglion (TG), and abdominal ganglion (AG), but in the non-neural tissues, such as the midgut (Mg), fat body (FB), and epidermis (Ep), muscle (Ms) and ovary (Ov). BMEF2B mRNA content in the brain was measured using the combined method of quantitative RT-PCR and Southern blotting, which kept consistently high from larvae to adults.
Key words: Myocyte enhancer factor-2, new isoform, tissue expression, developmental expression, Bombyx mori.
Lian-He Chu and Zhao-Jun Wei*, Jia-Qi Zhang, Miao Yu, Qing-zhi Ling
Research Article
Isolation of total RNA from ripe and unripe soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Isolation of total RNA from ripe and unripe soursop (Annona muricata L.) fruit
Isabella Montenegro Brasil1*, Maria de Lourdes Oliveira Otoch2, José Hélio Costa3, Geraldo Arraes Maia1, Maria da Guia Silva Lima4, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt6 and Dirce Fernandes de Melo4
1Fruit and Vegetable Laboratory/Food Technology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
2Biology Department/University of Ceará State, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
3Researcher of PRODOC/CAPES/ Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
4Bioenergetics Laboratory/Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
5Biocenter Klein Flottbek, Institute of Botany (AMP II), University of Hamburg, Germany.
Accepted 16 September, 2020
Abstract
Soursop fruit tissue is known by its acidic pH and high levels of polysaccharides, polyphenolics and secondary metabolites. These conditions are recognized to interfere unfavorably with conventional methodologies for RNA isolation. We describe here a rapid and simple method for the isolation of total RNA from soursop fruit. RNA was extracted in less than 4 h through a combination of SDS/potassium acetate precipitation and selective binding on a silica-gel-based membrane (Qiagen) through microspin speed technology. In comparison to other methods applied for RNA extraction from soursop fruit, our protocol improved substantially RNA quality as well as RNA yield. The isolated RNA served as a robust template for RT-PCR analysis. Comparable RNA quality and yield per dry weight were obtained from unripe and ripe fruits. This makes the method appropriate to being used in studies on differential gene expression in post-harvest behavior.
Key words: Annona muricata L., RNA isolation, tropical fruit.
Geraldo Arraes Maia, Maria da Guia Silva Lima, Birgit Arnholdt-Schmitt and Dirce Fernandes de Melo, José Hélio Costa, Maria de Lourdes Oliveira Otoch, Isabella Montenegro Brasil*
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (10), pp. 001-005, October, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Detection of a rapidly accumulating 50 kDa polypeptide and increased rubber accumulation in guayule under low temperatures
D. Sundar1* and Attipalli R. Reddy2
1Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi - 110 016, India.
2Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
Accepted 25 July, 2020
Abstract
Effects of low temperature on rubber particle proteins and rubber transferase activity were investigated in stem bark tissue of guayule (Parthenium argentatum, cv. 11591), a desert shrub of commercial interest as an additional source of natural rubber. Three-year-old guayule plants were subjected to 60 cycles of 15/10°C day/night temperature regime with a 12- h photoperiod in a controlled environment growth chamber. Rubber particles were extracted and the associated proteins were characterized in stem tissues of guayule. SDS-PAGE protein profile of the rubber particles showed an abundant rubber particle protein (RPP) with a molecular mass of 50 kDa accumulating at higher concentrations under low temperatures. The higher levels of this polypeptide persisted for 60 cycles when the low temperature stress was continued in the growth chamber. Low temperatures also induced rubber transferase activity, estimated from the rubber particle fractions. The correlation between rubber production and net photosynthetic rates was examined in low temperature-treated guayule. There was a two-fold increase in rubber content associated with a high photosynthetic rate. The results indicate that rubber biosynthesis in plants treated with 15/10°C low temperature for 60 cycles was superior to that of those grown under natural photoperiod and the increased activity of rubber transferase could possibly result from enhanced RPP synthesis. Further characterization of this polypeptide will be vital for understanding why enhanced rubber production is restricted to the winter months in field-grown guayule.
Key words: Guayule, low temperature, Parthenium argentatum, rubber, rubber particle proteins, rubber transferase.
Attipalli R. Reddy, D. Sundar*
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-006, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
The use of biolistic inoculation of cassava mosaic begomoviruses in screening cassava cultivars from Ghana for resistance/susceptibility to cassava mosaic disease
Kwadwo Owusu Ayeh1* and Jon N. E. Ramsell2
1The Biotechnology and Nuclear Agriculture Research Institute (BNARI), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission (GAEC), P. O. BOX LG. 80 Legon-Accra Ghana.
2National Veterinary Institute. P.b._750 Sentrum, 0106 Oslo, Norway.
Accepted 11 June, 2020
Abstract
The resistance/susceptibility of 5 cassava cultivars from Ghana to infectious clones of two cassava mosaic viruses (ACMV-[CM] and EACMV/ACMV-[CM]) was investigated in this study. Plantlets of cassava cultivars were obtained using nodal cuttings initiated from tissue culture. These cassava cultivars were challenged with both DNA A and B components of the infectious clones named above using particle gun bombardment. The cassava cultivars showed varying degrees of susceptibility/resistance to the two infectious clones used. All symptoms of Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) observed were systemic in nature. Generally, all cassava cultivars used in this study exhibited varying degrees of recovery from virus infection. This report demonstrates the ability of using biolistic technology to screen cassava cultivars for tolerance/resistance and that it may be used to recommend resistant cultivars to the farming community.
Key words: Biolistic, cassava, ACMV, EACMV, inoculation.
Kwadwo Owusu Ayeh*, Jon N. E. Ramsell
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 7 (9), pp. 001-007, September, 2020. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Synthesis, physical properties, antimicrobial potentials of some mixed antibiotics complexed with transition metals and their effects on alkaline phosphatase activities of selected rat tissues
Ogunniran K. O.1*, Ajanaku K. O.1, James O. O.1, Ajani O. O.1, Nwinyi, C. O.2, Omonhimin C. A.2 and Allensela M. A.3
1Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State. Nigeria.
2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, P. M. B. 1023, Ota, Ogun State. Nigeria.
3Chemistry Department, College of Education, Benin. P. M. B 1144, Benin City. Edo State, Nigeria.
Accepted 25 July, 2020
Abstract
Mixed ligand metal complexes of chloramphenicol and oxytetracycline were prepared by using Ni(II), Co(II) and Fe(III) metal chloride hexahydrate. They were characterized based on some physical technique and spectroscopic analysis such as AAS, UV, and IR spectroscopy. Based on the analytical and spectroscopic data, the complexes were proposed to have the formulae [ML1L2](Cl)n (where M = Ni(II), Co(II), Fe(III); L1 = chloramphenicol, L2 = oxytetracycline and n = 2 - 3). IR spectra suggested that both L1 and L2 coordinated to the metal ions in a terdentate manner with (O-H), (C=O) and (N-H) as donor sites in each of the ligands. The complexes were proposed to be of octahedral. The synthesized complexes, in compares to their ligands, were screened for their antibacterial activity against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumonia by using diffusion method. The activity data showed the metal complexes to be more potent antibacterial than the parent drugs against the three species. Toxicology tests against some tissues of albino rat (Rattus novergicuss) revealed toxicity of the complexes as compared to the parent drugs. Ni(II) complex was found to possess no significant difference (P > 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase from both homogenates of liver and kidney and rat serum. However, Co(II) and Fe(III) complexes were found to significantly increase (P < 0.05) alkaline phosphatase from homogenates of liver and kidney tissues of the tested doses but there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in alkaline phosphatase from rat serum.
Key words: Metal complexes, complexation, antibiotics, antimicrobial properties, alkaline phosphatase.
Omonhimin C. A and Allensela M. A, Ajanaku K. O, James O. O, C. O, Nwinyi , Ajani O. O, Ogunniran K. O*