ISSN 2756-3707
Review
Economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (6), pp. 190-207, June, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Review
Economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials
Howard R.L.1*, Abotsi E2., Jansen van Rensburg E.L.1 and Howard S.3
1Microbiology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
2Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
3Nutrition, School of Health Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected]. Tel/fax +27 15 2682862.
Accepted 22 April, 2015
Abstract
This review is written from the perspective of scientists working in lignocellulose bioconversion in a developing country and the aim of this review is to remind ourselves and other scientists working in related areas of lignocellulose research of the enormous economic potential of the bioprocessing of residual plant materials generally regarded as “waste”, and secondly to highlight some of the modern approaches which potentially could be used to tackle one of the major impediments, namely high enzyme cost, to speed-up the extensive commercialisation of the lignocellulose bioprocessing.
Key words: lignocellulose, bioconversion, enzyme cost.
Abotsi E., Howard R.L.*, Jansen van Rensburg E.L. and Howard S
Research Article
A study of mutant strains of Bacillus with high poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB) yield
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 158-160, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of mutant strains of Bacillus with high poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB) yield
Hikmet Katırcıoğlu1*, Belma Aslım2, Zehra Nur Yüksekdað2, Nazime Mercan3, Yavuz Beyatlı2
1*Department of Biology Education, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
2Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
*Corresponding author; Fax: (90) 312 2228483, E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
Accepted 23 October, 2014
Abstract
In this study, the putative mutant strains of Bacillus megaterium Y6, B. subtilis K8, B. sphaericus X3 and B. firmus G2 were studied for their poly- -hydroxybutyrate (PHB) production capacities. Mutations were induced by using UV light, acriflavin and 5-bromourasil. Total cell proteins were extracted from 59 strains and compared using SDS-PAGE. For each strain, percentage yield of PHB according to cell dry weight was determined in a range of 1.46-63.45%. PHB production of 8 mutant strains were found to increase in comparison with parental strains. However, no increase in PHB production of mutant strains of B. sphaericus X3 was found. It was also determined that the protein profiles of the mutant strains with high PHB yield generally differed from the protein profiles of parental strains.
Key words: Bacillus, poly- -hydroxybutyrate, PHB, total cell protein.
Belma Aslım, Hikmet Katırcıoğlu*, Nazime Mercan and Yavuz Beyatlı, Zehra Nur Yüksekdað
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (4), pp. 155-157, April, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of the various lignocellulosic source on the yield of cellulase by the growth of Aspergillus flavus
OJUMU, Tunde Victor1*, SOLOMON, Bamidele Ogbe2, BETIKU, Eriola2, LAYOKUN, Stephen Kolawole2 and AMIGUN, Bamikole3
1Engineering Materials Development Institute, P.M.B 611, Akure Nigeria.
2Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
3Department of Food Science and Technology, Federal Polytechnic Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
*Correspondence Author; E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 11 September 2014
Abstract
Bagasse, corncob and sawdust were used as lignocellulosic substrates for the production of cellulase enzyme using Aspergillus flavus after ballmilling and pretreatment with caustic soda. From the fermentation studies, sawdust gave the best result with an enzyme activity value of 0.0743IU/ml while bagasse and corncob gave 0.0573IU/ml and 0.0502IU/ml respectively. The three lignocellulosics gave their maximum enzyme activities at about the twelfth hour of cultivation, suggesting that the 12th hour is the optimum time when the enzyme may be harvested.
Key words: Aspergillus flavus, cellulase activity, lignocellulosics.
Eriola , OJUMU , Tunde Victor*, Bamidele Ogbe, Stephen Kolawole and AMIGUN, Bamikole , SOLOMON , BETIKU , LAYOKUN
Research Article
A study of gene introduction methods on various chrysanthemum cultivars
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (4), pp. 145-154, April, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of gene introduction methods on various chrysanthemum cultivars
Okada Tsuyoshi*, Kishi Keigo and Takashi Naito
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agricultural Science, Aichi Institute of Technology, Toyota, Aichi, Japan
*Corresponding author; E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 09 June 2015
Abstract
Gene introduction method (GIM) affected shoot regeneration capacity (SRC) in standard and spray-type chrysanthemums. SRC was both cultivar and GIM-dependent in both in vitro and greenhouse stem explants, the former significantly higher than the latter. Sonication had an SRC-stimulating effect on in vitro explants. Other GIMs (Agrobacterium, biolistics, Agrolistics) had an SRC-inhibiting effect on greenhouse explants. Genotype-dependence of SRC was observed in both in vitro and greenhouse material. SRC is influenced by the explant and regeneration media, which should be modified if altered by the GIM. Shoots derived from all GIM treatments showed normal growth under in vitro and greenhouse conditions, and flowered normally. In addition, this study further shows that explant origin (in vitro versus greenhouse) and cultivar significantly affect the regeneration process, even when an optimized medium is utilized. The integration of the GUS transgene is also GIM-dependent, but in all cases is shown to occur in the venation.
Keywords: Agroinfection, biolistics, explant survival, regeneration, sonication.
Okada Tsuyoshi*, Kishi Keigo and Takashi Naito
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 161-167, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Comparative characteristics of cellulase produced by BpCRI 6 strain with some well-known cellulase producers
Kotchoni O.S.1*†, Shonukan O.O.1 and Gachomo W.E.2
1Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria.
2Institute for Plant Diseases, University of Bonn, Nussallee 9, D-53115 Germany.
*Corresponding author; Kotchoni O.S.,Tel: + 49-228-739581, Fax: + 49-228-732689, E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 10 January, 2015
Abstract
Cellulose degrading organisms have been used for the conversion of cellulolytic materials into soluble sugars or solvents in several biotechnological and industrial applications. In this report, a mutant of Bacillus pumilus was obtained after chemical mutagenesis and screened for cellulase production. This mutant named BpCRI 6 was selected for its ability to produce cellulase under catabolite repression. Cellulase yield by BpCRI 6 was four times higher than that of the wild type under optimum growth conditions (pH 6.5, 25°C and Ca2+ 1mM). In shaking flask cultures, production of cellulase by the wild type was completely repressed in the presence of 25 mM glucose, while BpCRI 6 strain still exhibited a residual cellulase production of 80 and 40% at 25 mM and 40 mM of glucose concentrations respectively. The mutant strain is stable and grows rapidly in liquid and solid media. Under conditions of catabolite repression (40 mM of glucose), the production of cellulase by this mutant is particularly significant when compared to Trichoderma reesei a well-known cellulase producer, which is under control of end-product inhibition. This is the first report of a successful catabolite repression insensitivity of cellulase production by a mutant of B. pumilus.
Key words: Cellulase, Bacillus pumilus, BpCRI 6, Catabolite repression.
Kotchoni O.S.*, Shonukan O.O. and Gachomo W.E.
Research Article
A study of secreted, heterologously expressed Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (5), pp. 168-172, May, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of secreted, heterologously expressed Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase
Howard R.L.1*, Masoko P.1 and Abotsi E.2
1Microbiology, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa
2Biochemistry, School of Molecular and Life Sciences, University of the North, P/Bag X1106, Sovenga, 0727, South Africa.
Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected], Tel/fax +27 15 2682862.
Accepted 02 March, 2014
Abstract
The aim of this study was to produce a secreted, heterologously expressed Phanerochaete chrysosporium cellobiohydrolase (CBHI.1) protein that required no in vitro chemical refolding and to investigate the cellulolytic activity of the clone expressing the glutathione S- transferase (GST) fused CBHI.1 protein. Plate enzyme activity screening of E. coli cells transformed with pGEXcbhI.1 vector on carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC) produced several clones which produced clearing zones on CMC when induced. A randomly selected representative pGEXcbhI.1 clone produced hydrolysis on both Avicel and CMC when induced. Crude protein extracts obtained from the induced pGEXcbhI.1 clone exhibited time dependent enzymatic activity against both CMC and Avicel.
Key words: Phanerochaete chrysosporium, cellobiohydrolase, cellulase activity, heterologous expression.
Masoko P and Abotsi E, Howard R.L.*