International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 6 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Environmental and genotypic effects on the growth rate of IN  VITRO  cassava plantlet (MANIHOT  ESCEULENTA)

Sunday E. Aladele^1* and Danladi D. Kuta²

¹National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology P. M. B. 5382, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Sheda Science and Technology Complex (SHESTCO), P. M. B. 186, Garki, Abuja, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 January, 2020

Abstract

Two varieties of cassava were evaluated IN VITRO in the screen house and culture room using five different media treatment. Each treatment was replicated 12 times and observed for 5 weeks before sub-culturing. There were significant differences in the growth rate of plantlets in different media, which suggests an interaction between treatments and environments. However, F-probability on survival shows that TMS 188/00106 was significantly different from TMS 083/00125 in the culture room than in the screen house. The study confirms that cassava tissue culture can be raised in the screen house but suggests that plantlet should be allowed to survive in the culture room before transferring to the screen house for further growth.

Key words: Explants, plantlets, sub-culturing, nodal increase.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 6 (2), pp. 001-007, February, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review 

Genetic aspects of ameloblastoma: a brief review

Daiana P. Stolf^1,2*, Algernon C. Karim² and Abhijit G. Banerjee²

¹CIHR Group in Matrix Dynamics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto. Toronto, M5S 3E2, Canada.

²Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba. Winnipeg, R3E 0W2, Canada.

Accepted 16 December, 2018

Abstract

Ameloblastomas are defined as aggressive neoplasms arising from the odontogenic epithelium which exhibit a locally invasive behavior with a high rate of recurrence. If left untreated, they often lead to extensive tissue destruction and deformity. Due to the fact that these tumors emerge from remnants of normal odontogenic apparatus, which is strictly regulated through several genes, studies have been done in an attempt to unravel the relation between these two processes. The normal genetic regulation takes place through different signaling pathways, including four major families: TGF [Transforming Growth Factors, which include BMPs (Bone Morphogenetic Proteins)], FGF (Fibroblast Growth Factors), Hh (Hedgehogs) and Wnt (Wingless). Each family consists of several signals encoded by different genes. The unraveling of specific details concerning these genes and the mechanisms whereby the expression and relationships among them are mediated, may provide an opportunity to develop new treatment therapies and afford efficient prevention.

Key words: Ameloblastoma, sonic hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, fibroblast growth factor, wingless.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-006, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Antisickling activities of two ethnomedicinal plant recipes used for the management of sickle cell anaemia in Ibadan, Nigeria

A. Egunyomi¹*, J. O. Moody² and O. M. Eletu¹

¹Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

²Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Ibadan, Nigeria.

Accepted 27 October, 2018

Abstract

Two plant recipes used in the management of Sickle Cell Anaemia (SCA) by the indigenous people of Ibadan, Nigeria were studied for their antisickling activities. Using methanolic extracts of powdered plant parts, in vitro studies antisickling activities of the extracts were evaluated using p-hydroxybenzoic acids and normal saline as controls. The method employed involved the inhibition of sodium metabisulphite induced sickling of HbSS red blood cells, collected from confirmed non-crises sickle cell patients. Extracts of Recipe 1 (consisting of 28 plants) and 2 (consisting of 7 plants) showed antisickling activities; 63.4 and 78.8% inhibition, respectively, at 180 min incubation. The confirmation of the antisickling activity in the two recipes justifies their use by indigenous people. Phytochemical screening of the extracts showed that they contained similar secondary metabolites except that anthraquinones were absent from Recipe 2.

Key words: Antisickling activities, ethnophytomedicines, sickle cell anaemia.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-004, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

The cellular receptors for infectious bursal disease virus

L. Q. Zhu ¹, S. L. Wu¹, G. P. Zhang² and G. Q Zhu¹*

¹College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.

²Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Henan Academy of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou 450002, China.

Accepted 21 December, 2018

Abstract

Virus receptors are simplistically defined as cell surface molecules that mediate binding (attachment, adsorption) and/or trigger membrane fusion or entry through other processes. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) entry into host cells occurs by recognition of specific cellular receptor(s) with viral envelope glycoprotein, which comprises the initial and key step of infection. Infection can be inhibited by blockage of the process. So the interest in receptors has been stimulated in large part by the potential in the application of developing substances that show directed blocking activity. While for the purpose one should know which host cell and viral molecules are involved in the reciprocal recognition and interaction leading to the virus entry into the cell. Here, the review presents the currently available knowledge regarding the receptors or molecules that interact with IBDV.

Key words: IBDV, SIgM, cellular receptor, chicken heat shock protein 90α.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Review

Potentials of ultrasound in the assessment of appearances and immunopathological reactions that are caused by parasitic infestations

A. C. Ugwu¹, C. C. Ohagwu², A. C. Anakwue³ and O. F. Erondu⁴

¹Radiography Department, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Nnewi Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria.

²Department of Medical Radiography, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

³Department of Medical Radiography, University of Nigeria, Enugu campus, Nigeria.

⁴Department of Physics, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nigeria.

Accepted 19 October, 2018

Abstract

This paper is intended to improve the knowledge of sonographers and clinicians on the potentials of ultrasound in the assessment of appearances and immunopathological reactions that are caused by parasitic infestations. Sonograpic appearances in and of Schistosoma haematobium, Ascaris lumbricoides, Colon taeniasis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Dracunculus medinesis and Echinococcus granulosus infestation were reviewed. Pertinent sonographic features were pointed out. Ultrasonography plays an important role in establishing the diagnoses of S. haematobium, A. lumbricoides, C. taeniasis and C. cellulosae infestation. Ultrasonography is used in visualizing calcified D. medinesis in muscles and evaluation of echinococcal infestations. The use of ultrasonography in evaluation of some parasitic infestation benefits from an understanding of multiple sonographic appearances (echinococcosis) and the immunological changes associated with the death of parasites in the muscle (cysticercosis)

Key words: Parasitosonography, Schistosoma haematobium, Ascaris lumbricoides, Colon taeniasis, Cysticercus cellulosae, Dracunculus medinesis, Echinococcus granulosus.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 6 (1), pp. 001-005, January, 2019. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Expression of complete rhoptry protein 2 (ROP2) gene of Toxoplasma gondii in eukaryotic cell

K. Hosseinian Khosroshahi¹, F. Ghaffarifar¹*, Z. Sharifi² and A. Dalimi¹

¹Department of Parasitology, Medical Sciences Faculty, University of Tarbiat Modarres, Tehran, Iran.

²Research Center of Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization, Tehran, Iran.

Accepted 16 November, 2018

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is the intracellular protozoan parasite responsible for animal and human toxoplasmosis. In immunodeficient patients, chronic infection with T. gondii can reactivate and produce encephalitis, which is often lethal. ROP2 (rhoptry protein of T. gondii) is one of the most important interferer in organelle and PVM blending. ROP2 protein is recognized by clone T-cell (Tcc32) in human body and also has epitope for B-cell. All of these characteristics of ROP2 makes it a candidate for cocktail vaccine and recombinant vaccine against toxoplasmosis. We described the expression of the gene which encodes the complete rhoptry protein 2 (ROP2) of T. gondii in CHO cells and confirmed it by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis. In the present work, genomic DNA of T. gondii was extracted and used for amplifying of ROP2 gene as a template. Then PCR product was cloned into pTZ57R/T vector, and plasmid containing ROP2 gene (pT-ROP2) was extracted from transformed bacteria and sequenced. We hope to use from this recombinant plasmid (pT-ROP2) to make DNA vaccine against toxoplasmosis.

Key words: Cloning, sequencing, Toxoplasma gondii, ROP2.