International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (7), pp. 060-067, July, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histochemical and immunohistochemical and Histological assessment of the effects of seed and pulp of Pawpaw (CARICA PAPAYA) on the visual transmitting centres in animal model

Kola Adewale, Tunde Oshobi and Bayo D.

Department of Anatomy, Abia Faculty of Medicine, University of Nigeria, P. O. Box 3322  Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 09 March, 2014

Abstract

The effects of the pulp and seeds of CARICA PAPAYA (Honey dew variety) on the visual relay centres in rats were investigated. Thirty rats were randomly grouped into three groups (A, B, and C) of ten rats each. Each of the rats in groups A, B and C were fed with 8.50 g of standard rat pellet, 8.50 g of 1:1 mixture of C. PAPAYA pulp and the standard rat chow, and 8.50 g of 1:1 mixture of C. PAPAYA seeds and standard rats’ chow, twice daily, respectively. Twenty-four hours after the last administration, the rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, the brain was removed, superior colliculus (SC) and lateral geniculate body (LGB) were carefully excised. Fraction of the SC and LGB meant for quantitative enzyme histochemistry were homogenized in sucrose solution and processed accordingly for the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) while the fraction of the SC and LGB meant for histological and immunohistochemical analysis were fixed in 10% formol-calcium solution and were processed for paraffin embedding, respectively. The histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies revealed that C. PAPAYA seeds caused neuronal degeneration and disruption in the visual relay centres of the treated rats. The activity of G6PDH was increased in the SC and LGB of rats in groups B and C, and there was statistically significant (P<0.05) inhibition in the activity of AChE in both the SC and LGB of rats in group C.

Key words: Quantitative histochemistry, histology, Carica papaya, superior colliculus, lateral geniculate body, 10% formol calcium.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (6), pp. 054-059, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histopathological and Phytochemical screening and the outcome of single acute dose management of ARTEMISIA  ANNUA L. on ovaries and testes of Wistar rats

Harshanti O. and Abubakar Bukar

Department of Biochemistry, Kaduna Polytechnic, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

 E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 29 May, 2014

Abstract

ARTEMISIA ANNUA L. is a medicinal plant whose derivatives are used in the treatment of malaria. Phytochemical screening and histopathological effects of single acute intraperitoneal dose of the alcoholic extract of A. ANNUA, were investigated in Wistar rats in this study. Thirty five adult albino Wistar rats (109 - 307 g) of both sexes used for the study were randomly assigned on the basis of weight and litter origin into seven study groups of five rats per group. The control (group A) was administered placebo (2 ml of pure olive oil) while test groups B to G received single graded doses of 0.18, 0.35, 0.52, 0.70, 0.86 and 1.05 g/kg body weight of extract in olive oil vehicle, respectively. Twenty four hours after the single acute dose administration, animals were sacrificed and testes and ovary tissues obtained for histological evaluation using standard methods. Results of phytochemistry of the alcoholic extract assessed by standard methods identified the presence of alkaloids, glycosides (presence of these in A. ANNUA is questionable), flavonoids, reducing compounds and polyphenols present in different concentrations. Histopathological changes showed adverse lesions on the ovary ranging from atretic-degenerating corpus luteum, with loss of connective substance, arrest of ovarian follicle maturation to complete absence of ovarian follicle. No adverse histopathological changes were observed in the testes. The result suggests arrest of ovulation and a predisposition to infertility (add in the female animals). The possible roles of phytoestrogenic constituents in the favonoid fraction of the phytochemicals are discussed.

Key words: Artemisia annua, phytochemistry, histopathology, testes and ovaries.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (6), pp. 050-053, June, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Securidaca longepedunculata histopathological effects on Some organs of rats

Mohammed Dave* and Ali Musa

Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 19 May, 2014

Abstract 

Securidaca longepedunculata is a savannah shrub commonly used by traditional medicine practitioners in Nigeria; the plant is reputed to have over one hundred medicinal indications. In this investigation, the histopathologic effects of S. longepedunculata on the heart, kidneys, liver and lungs of rats were examined. Albino rats (Sprague Dawley strain) weighing 200 – 250 g were given 2 mg/kg (I.P) of aqueous extract daily for fourteen days and then sacrificed. Tissues were harvested and processed for photomicrographic examinations. Extracts of the plant gave an LD ₅₀ value of 37 mg/kg (I.P) and histological alterations monitored. In the kidneys, there was acute tubular necrosis with diffused interstitial and glumerular haemorrhage characteristic of irreversible cellular injury of the epithelium and parenchyma. Similar changes were observed in the liver showing severe ballooning degeneration of the hepatocytes, necrosis and formation of mallory bodies. In the lungs diffused alveolar and capillary damage as well as early formation of hyaline membranes were evident. The histological changes are similar to those produced by chronic ethanol and p-acetaminophene ingestion, suggesting the presence of toxic constituents. From these observations, it can be inferred that the use of S. longepedunculata may be associated with tissue structural damage of some vital organs.

Key words: Securidaca, longepedunculata, histopathologic, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, Uwar-magunguna.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (5), pp. 047-049, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Histological assessment of Plantago lanceolata L. extract in accelerating wound healing

Rupesh Ashiq and Aarshit Virender

Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Anna University, P.O Box 564, Chennai, India.

Email: [email protected]

Accepted 24 April, 2014

Abstract 

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of topical application of Plantago lanceolata L. (PL; Plantaginaceae) extract on the rate of wound healing closure and histology of healed wound. An area of uniform wound 7 mm in diameter using circular punch was excised from the nape of the dorsal neck of all rats. The animal groups were topically treated with 0.75 and 1.5% of PL and two groups were treated as control and placebo groups. Macroscopically, wound dressed with PL extract significantly healed earlier than those treated with placebo and control groups. Histological analysis of healed wounds dressed with PL extract showed comparatively less scar width at wound site and healed wound contained less inflammatory cells and more collagen with angiogenesis compared to wounds dressed with placebo. Results of wound enclosure assessment showed that PL was significantly effective in wound enclosure. The best results (100.0% healing) were seen in third group (0.75% of PL extract) on 14^th day. In conclusion, wounds dressed with PL extract significantly enhanced the acceleration of wound healing enclosure in rats.

Key words: Plantago lanceolata, wound healing, rat, histological study.

sInternational Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (5), pp. 040-046, May, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Assessment of biological chemical indices of male rat reproductive purpose and testicular histology in wistar rats following chronic management of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem

Bello Ibrahim and Mohammed Dave

Medicinal Plants Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Federal University , P. M. B. 5001, Dutsin-Ma, Katsina State, Nigeria.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 03 April, 2014

Abstract 

The effects of administration of aqueous extracts of Fadogia agrestis stem for 28 days and the 10 days post treatment effects on biochemical indices of reproductive function and testicular histology were evaluated in male albino rats. The rats were randomly selected into four study groups, A, B, C and D of 10 rats per group. Animals in group A (control) received 1 ml of distilled water (vehicle), and test groups B, C and D received graded doses of 18, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of extract respectively on daily basis for 28 days. At the end of 28 days treatment period, 5 animals were sacrificed while the remaining 5 from the same group were sacrificed after a ten day recovery period. There were significant (P<0.05) increases in the prostrate – body weight ratio (%), citric acid concentration and acid phosphatase activity at all the dose regimen and only at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight dose regimen for calcium and phosphate, while pH was not altered. There was no recovery on prostatic parameters except the citric acid content at 18 mg/kg body weight. Sperm count, motility, morphology and density were significantly reduced at 50 and 100 mg/kg dose regimen. The pH, colour, turbidity and viscosity of semen were unaffected but the seminal vesicular-body weight ratio (%), fructose content and glutamate dehydrogenase activity were significantly (P<0.05) reduced at higher doses. Histopathological changes revealed destruction of spermatic cells and seminiferous tubules. Toxicity was mild and reversible at 18 mg/kg body weight dose regimen but there was irreversible derangement on male testicular histology at 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight dose regimen, which may adversely affect reproductive function especially male fertility.

Key words: Fadogia agrestis stem, prostate, seminal vesicle, sperm, oral administration, recovery, reproductive function indices, testicular histology.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (4), pp. 037-039, April, 2014. © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Stimulated Cisplatin on histological changes in renal tissue of rat

Raj Vadewki and Vijay P.

Department of Medicine, Faculty of Sciences, Tamil University, P O Box 1549, Thanjavur-10, India.

E-mail: [email protected]

Accepted 30 March, 2014

Abstract 

The present study reviews the effect of anticancer drug cisplatin regimens on the renal histopathological and ultrastructure of male rat. The kidney being an essential organ of metabolism and elimination of most of the toxic components, it serves as very important site of attack by various chemical agents including cisplatin, in the form of its activated metabolite. In our study, all the induced alterations revealed acute tubular necrosis along with dilation and slogging of epithelium seen in its light microscopic structure whereas, ultrastructural changes showed absence of microvilli in few sections. Several rounded cisternae of SER and presence of dense chromatin in the nucleus with increased mitochondrial density is also one of the noticeable changes seen after drug treatment. The damage, which is irreversible at certain dose level, might cause potential damage to the organ, which can be overcome by designing proper dose regimen and monitoring and by giving it in combination with anti-cancer drugs.

Key words: Cisplatin, necrosis, kidney.