ISSN 2756-3707
Research Article
A study of the optimal conditions of Ca-alginate gel immobilization of T. turnirae cells
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (4), pp. 139-144, April, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the optimal conditions of Ca-alginate gel immobilization of Teredinobacter turnirae cells
Usama Beshay
Bioprocess Development Dept., Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), Mubarak City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt. Tel: +2-03-4593420, fax: +2-03-4593423, e-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 09 October, 2014
Abstract
The conditions for immobilizing the new alkaline protease-producing bacteria strain Teredinobacter turnirae by entrapment in calcium alginate gel were investigated. The influence of alginate concentration (20, 25 and 30 g/l) and initial cell loading (ICL) on enzyme production were studied. The production of alkaline protease improved significantly with increasing alginate concentration and reached a maximum enzyme yield of 8000 U/ml at 25 g/l alginate concentration. This was about 176.8% higher than that obtained by free cells (2890 U/ml). The immobilized cells produced alkaline protease consistently over 5 repeated cycles and reached a maximal value of 9000 U/ml on the third cycle. This was 311.4% (3.11-fold) as compared with the control (free cells). Simple mass balance analysis was applied to describe the growth and the protease production behaviour of both fractions the cells in free form and the entrapped in Ca-alginate beads. Scanning electron microscope studies indicated the internal distribution pattern of the cells encapsulated in Ca-alginate beads. The results presented in this paper show the potential for using immobilized T. turnirae cells in Ca-alginate for the production of a novel alkaline protease.
Key words: Alkaline protease, Ca-alginate, immobilization, Teredinobacter turnirae, repeated batch.
Usama Beshay
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 087-092, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Histology of Eurycoma longifolia seeds as an important explant for future production of hairy root cultures
Monica Danial1, Chan Lai Keng1, Syarifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee2 and Sreeramanan Subramaniam1*
1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
2Felda Biotechnology Centre, Felda Agriculture Services Sdn. Bhd.Tingkat 7, Balai Felda, Jalan Gurney 1,54000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 10 April, 2014
Abstract
Seed morphology and histology analysis of Eurycoma longifolia by light microscopes revealed seeds structures of this important medicinal plant at different growing stages. The seed structures of E. longifolia consist of main regions such as epidermis, hypodermis, storage parenchyma and procambium. The cotyledon of E. longifolia develops into a complex and reticulate vascular system. The seed development phases and the development of the vascular system on the progression of germination provide the insight of the actual and accurate information on the E. longifolia cotyledon development period. This information is essential for using the seed as the source of inoculums for the production of the hairy root cultures. Seeds being the storage organ may facilitate the generation of the hairy roots, as it evidently has the essential features like tracheas, which are the main site of infection for Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
Key words: Eurycoma longifolia, seed, histology, Agrobacterium rhizogenes.
Monica Danial, Chan Lai Keng, Syarifah Shahrul Rabiah Syed Alwee and Sreeramanan Subramaniam*
Research Article
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (2), pp. 109-118, February, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
A study of the effect of zinc on the histological structure of liver in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus
Abdel-Warith, A. A.1*, Younis, E. M.1, Al-Asgah, N. A.1, and Wahbi, O. M.2
1Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
2Fish Reproduction Lab, National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, Alexandria, Egypt.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 11 September, 2014
Abstract
In the present study the toxic effects of zinc (Zn) on the liver structure of Nile tilapia, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS were investigated. Additionally, we estimated whether Zn concentration and exposure period influence the degree and nature of histological changes in the liver of exposed fish. Two hundred and forty fish (the average weight was 24.30± 2.85 g) were distributed randomly in twenty four glass aquaria (80 L) with stocking density of 10 fish for each. The aquaria were divided into two groups: the first group was exposed to 2, 4 and 6 mg/L of ZnCl2 which represent 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 of Zn LC50 respectively for one week (short exposure period); while the second group was exposed to the same concentrations of ZnCl2 with the same replicates for 4 weeks (long exposure period). In addition, control group were not exposed fish to ZnCl2 (0.00 LC50) were stocked with three replicates for each period. Fish mortality was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner, without any significant effect of the exposure duration. Histological changes in the liver included hepatocyte degeneration, nuclear pycnosis, cellular swelling, and congestion of blood vessels. There was a marked difference in these changes among the different treatments of Zn concentrations in addition to the intensity of histological changes were however influenced by the extent of exposure period.
Key words: Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, liver, histological changes, LC50 of Zinc.
O. M., and Wahbi, N. A., E. M., Abdel-Warith , A. A.*, Al-Asgah , Younis
Research Article
Histological and toxicological effect of wine from cashew fruits compared with imported red wine
International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2447-9535 Vol. 2 (1), pp. 093-100, January, 2015. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Histological and toxicological effect of wine from cashew fruits compared with imported red wine
S. Awe1* and E. Tunde Olayinka2
1Department of Biological Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, P. M. B. 1066, Oyo, Oyo State. Nigeria.
2Department of Chemical Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria.
*Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected].
Accepted 09 July, 2014
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisae SIL 59703 was used to ferment cashew apple juice supplemented with 30% Sucrose in the laboratory incubated at room temperature (28 ± 2°C) for six days (aerobic) and six weeks (anaerobic) for wine production. Toxicological effect of the wine produced was based on histology and enzyme activities of rats’ liver. Forty-two rats were divided into three groups: group I (negative control) received no wine, group II subdivided into three sub groups A, B and C received 6.25 ml/kg body weight of 5, 7.5 and 10% alcohol content of the Red wine (positive control) respectively, while, group III also subdivided into three sub groups A, B and C received 6.25 ml/kg body weight of 5, 7.5 and 10% alcohol content of the cashew wine, respectively for eighteen days. Histological studies of the rat liver fed with both the red wine and cashew wine revealed marked alteration in cellular structure at 7.5 and 10% alcohol content which was not noticeable in the negative group. Enzyme activities indicated that both red wine and cashew wine at 7.5 and 10% alcohol content induced marked liver failure characterized by a significant increase (p < 0.05) in serum aspartate ransaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) activities. In conclusion, 5% alcohol content of the cashew wine showed no apparent disruptions of the normal liver structure by histological and enzyme activities assessment.
Key words: Enzyme activities, fermentation, histology, serum, wine.
S. Awe*, E. Tunde Olayinka
Research Article
Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on thymus of chicken
International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (11), pp. 103-111, November, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Histological, histochemical and immunohistochemical studies on thymus of chicken
Soad A. Treesh1, Amal O. Buker2 and Nadia S. Khair 3
1Department of Histology and medical genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University ofTripoli, Libya.
2 Anatomy, Histologyand Embryology Department , Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tripoli, Libya.
3Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Egypt.
Email: [email protected]
Accepted 23, June 2014
Abstract
The thymus is the major site of T cell production and an important organ of the immune system,due to lack of some information on presence of the plasma cells in thymus we study it .Thirty six apparently normal chicken which differ in age and gender were included. The tissue samples were prepared for histological,histochemical and immunohistochemical studies.The appearance of plasma cells beganat the 4th week of age, in the medulla, and their number increased along the thymus development.In concomitant with the appearance of blood capillaries at the corticomedullary junction by 3th and 4th weeks of age and a few Hassall's corpuscles in the medulla at 4th weeks of age . These corpuscles were constantly increased in number with age, and that was demonstrated in the 21, 30 weeks-old. We concluded that, the appearance of plasma cells in chicken thymus at different ages provides further support to the idea that the thymus may function as a secondary lymphoid organ , and it is capable of playing a direct role in the immunereactions. This is important role in vaccination of chicken and in future research works.
Key words: Plasma cell, thymus, Chicken, histochemical, Immunohistochemical.
Amal O. Buker and Nadia S. Khair, Soad A. Treesh
Research Article
Effect of aqueous extract of Cashew stem bark on adult Wistar rat testis
International Journal of Histology and Cytology Vol. 1 (11), pp. 099-102, November, 2014. © International Scholars Journals
Full Length Research Paper
Effect of aqueous extract of Cashew stem bark on adult Wistar rat testis
Agbofodon Lewis and Saliyu Micheal
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, P. O. Box 10839, Edo State, Nigeria.
E-mail: [email protected]
Accepted 16 October, 2014
Abstract
In medical practice, Anacardium occidentale stem bark is used for various ailment treatments. Possible histological effects of aqueous extract of A. occidentale stem bark administration was studied on adult Wistar rat testes. The rats (n=24), weighing 164 to 210 g were randomly assigned into three treatments (n=18) and control (n=6) groups. The rats in the treated groups II, III, IV received 20, 40 and 60 mg/kg aqueous extract of A. occidentale stem bark orally via orogastric tube for twenty-one days, while the control group I received only equal volume of phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The rats were fed with growers' mash and given water liberally. Cage side examination was done daily to observe overt signs of toxicity (salivation, lacrimation, yellowing of fur e.t.c). Twenty-four hours after the expiration of the extract administration, rats were sacrificed; the testes were excised and fixed in Bouin’s fluid for routine hematoxylin and eosin histological study. The histological findings of testes sections indicated that there were no cyto-architectural distortions and no evidence of apoptotic bodies in the treated groups as compared to the control group. These findings suggest that aqueous extract of A. occidentale does not have effect on the adult Wistar rat testis.
Key words: Anarcardium occidentale, cyto-architectural, non-toxic, adult male Wistar rat.
Saliyu Micheal, Agbofodon Lewis