International Journal of Histology and Cytology

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-005, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Epidemiological Study of SEN Virus Infection Among Blood Donors and Chronic Hepatitis B and C Patients in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari Province

Payam Ghasemi Dehkordi and Abbas Doosti*

Biotechnology Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran.

Accepted 4 March, 2025

SEN virus (SEN-V) is a blood-borne, circular, nonenveloped and single-stranded DNA virus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated 9 different genotypes for this virus. SEN-V could be related to post-transfusion hepatitis and infections with this virus in blood donors and hepatitis patients differ markedly by geographic region. The purpose of present study was to determine the prevalence of H and D genotypes of SEN-V (SENV-H and SENV-D) infection in blood donors and patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) for the first time in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province located in southwest Iran. SEN-V DNA was analyzed in 240 serum samples of the patients with chronic HBV and HCV (172 HBV and 68 HCV) and 60 non-professional blood donors from the blood transfusion organization, hospital and clinical and pathological laboratories in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. SEN-V DNA was amplified by specific primers for SENV-H and SENV-D genotypes using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method after extraction of DNA from sera and PCR products were visualized in a 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. SENV-H genotype was found to be positive in 54/172 (31.39%), 23/68 (33.82%), and 8/60 (13.33%) and SENV-D genotype was detected in 48/172 (27.91%), 27/68 (39.7%), and 6/60 (10%) of patients with chronic HBV, HCV and healthy blood donors, respectively. These results showed that high prevalence of SEN-V infection in patients with chronic HBV and HCV compared healthy blood donors in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province using T test statistical analysis (P<0.05). According to these findings examination of serum samples for control and prevention of SEN-V infection in hepatitis patients and healthy blood donors seems to be necessary.

Key words: SEN virus, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province.

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (5), pp. 001-006, May, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Contribution of Oxidative Stress to the Development of Heart Failure in Broilers with Pulmonary Hypertension Syndrome

Mokhtar, Fathi1, Kambiz, Nazer adl1, Yahya, Ebrahim Nezhad1, Habib, Aghdam Shahryar1, Mohsen, Daneshyar2 and Taimor, Tanha1

1Department of Animal Science, Islamic Azad University, Shabestar Branch, Iran.
2Department of Animal Science, Urmia University, Iran.

Accepted 20 November, 2024

The present study examined the possible role of reactive oxygen species in the pathogenesis of heart failure in broilers. Our experiment was conducted with 160 one–day-old male broilers (Ross 308) to investigate the mechanisms of cell injury in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome. The chickens were divided into two groups of four replicates each, with 20 chicks per replicate. One group was raised in normal temperature (NT) while the other group was raised in cold temperature (CT) to induce the pulmonary hypertension syndrome. Mortality was inspected to determine cause of death and diagnose heart failure. Hematological, biochemical and pathological tests were used to determine the incidence of PHS: total red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), activity of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Malondialdehyde (MDA) was used as an indicator of lipid oxidation, subsequent to generated oxidative stress. Samples of blood and liver tissue were taken at day 21 and 42 of age. At the end of the experiment (week 6), 2 chicks from each replicate were randomly selected and slaughtered. The heart was removed, the right ventricle was dissected away from the left ventricle and septum, and the ratio of right ventricle weight to total ventricle weight (RV/TV) was calculated. The results of our experiment indicated the significant difference between the two groups for RBC and HGB and for RBC, HGB and HCT at days 21 and 42 of age, respectively. However, there was no significant difference for activity of ALT, AST and LDH in plasma between the groups at day 21 of age. but CT birds had higher levels (p < 0.05) AST, ALT and LDH activities in plasma as compared with other birds. MDA content of plasma and liver was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in CT group at both ages. RV/TV ratio and mortality due to ascites were significantly higher in CT birds. In conclusion, heart failure and subsequent PHS can be associated with oxidative stress.

Key words: Oxidative stress, heart failure, ascites, hematological, broiler.
 

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-007, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Morphological and Functional Comparison of Free Surface Respiratory Macrophages in Duck and Rabbit: An In Vitro Approach

P. M. Mutua1* and S. G. Kiama2

1Department of Zoological Sciences, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844, Nairobi, Kenya.
2Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology, University of Nairobi, P. O. Box 30197, Nairobi, Kenya.

Accepted 13 January, 2024

Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the free surface respiratory macrophages (SM) of the domestic duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were compared with those of the domestic rabbit (Oryctologus cuniculus) under similar experimental conditions. The duck had significantly fewer SM compared to those of rabbit. In the duck, there was flux of SM as depicted by increase of SM during the first three progressive lavages before the number started to decline during the fourth and fifth lavages. In the rabbits, there was decline in number of the SM during the five progressive lavages. Morphologically, the cells were similar at light and electron microscopy levels. Ultra structurally, the SM had filopodial extensions and variable vesicular cytoplasmic bodies. The diameters were comparable with duck SM mean diameter measuring about 12 µm while that of the rabbit SM mean diameter being 13 µm. The mean volume density of polystyrene particles ingested by the SM, that is volume of particles per unit volume of SM, revealed that the duck SM had significantly higher mean phagocytic capacity at 20% than rabbit SM whose mean phagocytic capacity was 9%. The assertion that domestic birds are prone to respiratory diseases due to dearth of SM alone may not be true. The higher phagocytic capacity observed in the duck SM probably compensates for the few resident SM. Vulnerability to respiratory diseases by the domestic birds may be due to other factors such as poor husbandry and management strategies and, severe genetic manipulations for fast growth and productivity that may have weakened cellular immunological defenses.

Key words: Avian, cellular defense, lung, phagocytosis, rabbit, surface macrophages.
 

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (4), pp. 001-012, April, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Angiotensin II AT1 and AT2 Receptor Isoforms in Sprague-Dawley Rat and Meriones crassus Adrenal Glands

Al-Qattan, K., Mansour, M. H.* and Al-Naser, M.

Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat 13060, Kuwait.

Accepted 14 Jauary, 2024

Employing specific polyclonal anti-AT1 and anti-AT2 antibodies, AT1 and AT2 receptor expression was immunohistochemically demonstrable within adrenal tissues in Sprague-Dawley rats and the desert rodent Meriones crassus. Among adrenal cortical zones in rats, AT1 receptor labeling was evident in zona glomerulosa and zona reticularis. In contrast, AT1 receptor labeling was confined to the zona glomerulosa and the deep zona fasiculata in Meriones crassus. AT1 receptor labeling was, however, equally observed among ganglion and chromaffin cells constituting the adrenal medulla of both animal models. AT2 receptor labeling was faint in all adrenal regions in rats. However, intensity was high in the deep zona fasiculata, and medullary chromaffin and ganglion cells in Meriones crassus. Two-dimensional Western blotting, in the presence or absence of endoglycosidase-F, revealed that structurally distinct spectra of AT1 and AT2 receptor isoforms are expressed in the adrenal tissues of each animal model. These spectra were constituted by molecular isoforms with distinct patterns of charge microheterogeneity unique to each receptor type in each animal model. In both species, heterogeneity of AT1 and AT2 receptor isoforms may be attributed in part to differential post-translational glycosylation mechanisms of the receptor polypeptide backbones, which may be critical in differentially fine-tuning adrenal functions in lab-reared and desert rodents.

Key words: Angiotensin II receptors, adrenal gland, desert rodents, N –linked glycosylation, immunohistochemistry.
 

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-008, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Characterization of Damage Symptoms and Spatial Distribution of Mecocorynus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) Infesting Cashew in Ghana

Dwomoh, E. A.1*, Ahadzie, S. K.1, Somuah, G. A.1 and Amenga A. D.2

1Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, P. O. Box 8, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana.
2Jaman South District Directorate, Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Jaman South, Ghana.

Accepted 6 July, 2024

Cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linn.) has become a very important non-traditional tree crop in Ghana. The crop is, however, infested by numerous insect pests at different stages of its growth. Knowledge of the insect complexity associated with the tree is essential for developing pest control strategies for the crop. Following a reported outbreak of an unknown pest by officials of Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA) and farmers in March 2009 in some cashew plantations in the Brong-Ahafo Region, an investigation was initiated to collect and identify the insect species involved and assess the extent of the damage caused by the insect. The cashew bark borer, Mecocorynus sp. (Coleoptera: Anthribidae) was identified and found to be responsible for the damage and could kill the attacked trees within weeks after infestation. Observations at Jaman south and Jaman north of death of mature trees within few weeks of infestation were indications of emergence of new pest of cashew in Ghana. Studies on the distribution and damage characteristics of the pest was conducted from April 2009 to December 2010 in 41 major cashew growing areas within five districts of the Brong-Ahafo Region. In the Jaman South District, symptoms of infestation of the insect were found on 14.2% of the tree population and the death rate of tree population was 2.2%.The incidence of the pest in the Jaman north was also high, with death rate of 2.8% and infestation rate of 13.6%. In the Tain district death rate was 0.6%; infestation was observed only at Banda-Biema, Nsawkaw, Mendji, Donkokrom and Brodi. This paper reports the status of a new emerging pest of cashew in Ghana, which needs an urgent attention.

Key words: Damage symptoms, spatial distribution, Mecocorynus sp., cashew, Ghana.
 

International Journal of Histology and Cytology ISSN 2756-3707 Vol. 13 (3), pp. 001-005, March, 2025. Available online at www.internationalscholarsjournals.org © International Scholars Journals

Full Length Research Paper

Impact of Probiotic and Prebiotic Supplementation on Broiler Chicken Performance and Blood Biochemistry

A. Ashayerizadeh1*, N. Dabiri1,2, K. H. Mirzadeh1 and M. R. Ghorbani1

1Department of Animal Science, Ramin Agricultural and Natural Resources University, Ahvaz, Iran.
2Faculty of Agricultural, Animal Science Department, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Karaj, Iran.

Accepted 18 January, 2025

This experiment was conducted to compare the effects of antibiotic, probiotic, prebiotic and mixture of probiotic and prebiotic as dietary growth promoter on serum biochemical parameters, energy and protein efficiency of broiler chickens. Three hundred day old Ross 308 broilers were equally distributed into 30 floor pens and reared for 42 days. A basal diet was formulated according to the recommendations of NRC for starter (1 to 21 days) and grower (22 to 42 days) periods and considered as control diet. Four tested diets were formulated by supplementing the basal control diet with antibiotic, Flavomycin; probiotic, Primalac; prebiotic, Biolex-MB and mixture of probiotic plus prebiotic (synbiotic). Six replicates were used for each treatment. Specific growth rate and growth efficiency were highest in birds under prebiotic and synbiotic treatments in starter and total rearing period, respectively. Broilers that were fed diet containing synbiotic had the highest energy efficiency ratio which was significant as compared to control group. Protein efficiency ratio followed the same trend and improved when synbiotic was used in the diet (p < 0.05). At 21 and 42 day of age, dietary supplementation with probiotic and synbiotic decreased (p < 0.05) serum cholesterol concentration, when compared with birds fed Flavomycin diet. The results suggested that the mixture of probiotic and prebiotic could be effective as antibiotic to improve the health and performance of broiler chickens.

Key words: Broiler, performance, cholesterol, probiotic, prebiotic